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    Carrying Capacity Succession and Climax Communities

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    api-253170211
    Populations change through time based on biotic potential, environmental resistance, and carrying capacity. Biotic potential is maximum growth under ideal conditions while environmental resistance includes limiting factors. Carrying capacity is the maximum sustainable population. Populations may follow S or J growth curves, leveling off at carrying capacity. Species have r or K reproduction strategies related to resources and offspring care. Survivorship curves and succession describe population and community changes over time. Human impacts like deforestation can alter climax communities.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Carrying Capacity Succession and Climax Communities

    Uploaded by

    api-253170211
    259 views21 pages
    Populations change through time based on biotic potential, environmental resistance, and carrying capacity. Biotic potential is maximum growth under ideal conditions while environmental resistance includes limiting factors. Carrying capacity is the maximum sustainable population. Populations may follow S or J growth curves, leveling off at carrying capacity. Species have r or K reproduction strategies related to resources and offspring care. Survivorship curves and succession describe population and community changes over time. Human impacts like deforestation can alter climax communities.

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    carrying capacity succession and climax communities

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    Populations change through time based on biotic potential, environmental resistance, and carrying capacity. Biotic potential is maximum growth under ideal conditions while environmental resistance includes limiting factors. Carrying capacity is the maximum sustainable population. Populations may follow S or J growth curves, leveling off at carrying capacity. Species have r or K reproduction strategies related to resources and offspring care. Survivorship curves and succession describe population and community changes over time. Human impacts like deforestation can alter climax communities.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    259 views21 pages

    Carrying Capacity Succession and Climax Communities

    Uploaded by

    api-253170211
    Populations change through time based on biotic potential, environmental resistance, and carrying capacity. Biotic potential is maximum growth under ideal conditions while environmental resistance includes limiting factors. Carrying capacity is the maximum sustainable population. Populations may follow S or J growth curves, leveling off at carrying capacity. Species have r or K reproduction strategies related to resources and offspring care. Survivorship curves and succession describe population and community changes over time. Human impacts like deforestation can alter climax communities.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    You are on page 1of 21

    Topic

    2.6
    Changes

    Students will be able to:


    -describe the ways in which populations can change
    -define carrying capacity and describe factors that affect it.
    -describe the principles associated with survivorship curves including k- and
    r- strategists.
    -describe and explain S and J population growth curves.

    Changes
    Species vary in their Biotic Potential
    = the capacity for population growth
    with unlimited resources and ideal
    conditions.
    Resources can include: food
    Ideal conditions: shelter

    oxygen

    weather

    water

    light

    no predation

    space
    mates

    nutrients

    Topic 2.6
    Changes

    Students will be able to:


    -describe the ways in which populations can change
    -define carrying capacity and describe factors that affect it.
    -describe the principles associated with survivorship curves including k- and
    r- strategists.
    -describe and explain S and J population growth curves.

    No population can grow indefinitely!

    Number of sheep (millions)

    Every environment has Environmental


    Resistance = the combination of all
    factors that act to limit the growth of a
    2.0
    population (Limiting
    factors)(lack of
    1.5
    resources and or 1.0
    environmental
    .5
    conditions)
    1800

    1825

    1850

    1875 1900
    Year

    1925

    Topic 2.6
    Changes

    Students will be able to:


    -describe the ways in which populations can change
    -define carrying capacity and describe factors that affect it.
    -describe the principles associated with survivorship curves including k- and
    r- strategists.
    -describe and explain S and J population growth curves.

    The Biotic Potential + Environmental Resistance = Carrying Capacity

    Number of sheep (millions)

    Every environment has a CARRYING


    CAPACITY = the maximum
    2.0
    number of individuals
    1.5
    of a given species
    1.0
    that can be sustained
    .5
    indefinitely in a given
    space.
    1800 1825 1850
    1875
    Year

    1900

    1925

    Topic 2.6
    Changes

    Students will be able to:


    -describe the ways in which populations can change
    -define carrying capacity and describe factors that affect it.
    -describe the principles associated with survivorship curves including k- and
    r- strategists.
    -describe and explain S and J population growth curves.

    Regulation of Populations

    (carrying

    capacity)

    Density Dependent
    1. Competition within and between
    species.
    2. Immigration and emigration.
    Density Independent
    3. Natural and human caused
    catastrophes.

    Topic 2
    Population
    Dynamics

    Students will be able to:


    -describe the ways in which populations can change
    -define carrying capacity and describe factors that affect it.
    -describe the principles associated with survivorship curves including k- and
    r- strategists.
    -describe and explain S and J population growth curves.

    Regulation of Populations (carrying


    capacity)

    Internal Factors = act within the


    population or species. Factors that the
    organisms require
    and a lack there of will limit their
    population.
    External Factors = come from outside the

    Topic 2
    Population
    Dynamics

    Students will be able to:


    -describe the ways in which populations can change
    -define carrying capacity and describe factors that affect it.
    -describe the principles associated with survivorship curves including k- and
    r- strategists.
    -describe and explain S and J population growth curves.

    J Population Growth Curve

    This rarely happens in


    natural situations.

    Population size (N)

    This happens in habitats with abundant


    resources and will continue until the
    resources become exhausted.

    Time (t)

    Topic 2
    Population
    Dynamics

    Students will be able to:


    -describe the ways in which populations can change
    -define carrying capacity and describe factors that affect it.
    -describe the principles associated with survivorship curves including k- and
    r- strategists.
    -describe and explain S and J population growth curves.

    S Population Growth Curve

    involves initial exponential growth and then


    there is a steady decrease in growth as the
    population encounters
    environmental resistance
    and approaches carrying
    capacity and levels off.

    Topic 2
    Population
    Dynamics

    Students will be able to:


    -describe the ways in which populations can change
    -define carrying capacity and describe factors that affect it.
    -describe the principles associated with survivorship curves including k- and
    r- strategists.
    -describe and explain S and J population growth curves.

    Plateau phase

    Carrying capacity
    K

    Population size (N)

    Transitional phase

    Exponential phase

    Time (t)

    Topic 2
    Population
    Dynamics

    Students will be able to:


    -describe the ways in which populations can change
    -define carrying capacity and describe factors that affect it.
    -describe the principles associated with survivorship curves including k- and
    r- strategists.
    -describe and explain S and J population growth curves.

    Topic 2
    Population
    Dynamics

    Students will be able to:


    -describe the ways in which populations can change
    -define carrying capacity and describe factors that affect it.
    -describe the principles associated with survivorship curves including k- and
    r- strategists.
    -describe and explain S and J population growth curves.

    r and K Selected Species (r+K strategists)


    r-selected species:
    - Have a high biotic potential
    - Give rise to many small offspring and give
    them little or no care
    - They are opportunists
    - Reproduce rapidly when conditions are
    favorable or when disturbances open up a
    new habitat.
    Examples are algae, bacteria, rodents, frogs, turtles, annual
    plants, and most insects.

    Topic 2
    Population
    Dynamics

    Students will be able to:


    -describe the ways in which populations can change
    -define carrying capacity and describe factors that affect it.
    -describe the principles associated with survivorship curves including k- and
    r- strategists.
    -describe and explain S and J population growth curves.

    K-selected species:
    - Have a low biotic potential
    - Give rise to few offspring and
    have long life spans.
    - They are competitors

    Examples are mammals, birds of prey, and large and long-lived plants.

    Topic
    2.6
    Changes

    Students will be able to:


    -Describe the principles associated with survivorship curves including, K- and
    r- strategists.
    -Describe the role of density-dependent and density-independent factors, and
    internal and external factors, in the regulation of populations.
    -Describe the concept and processes of succession in a named habitat.

    Survivorship Curves

    Type 1 are K strategists, they live a long time and then die off when
    they are old
    Type 3 are r strategists,
    they give birth to many
    individual and lots of
    them die off quickly.
    The ones that survive
    can live for a long time.
    Type 2 they die off little
    by little, very consistently
    over time

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bu6ouKt9zhs

    Topic
    2.6
    Changes

    Students will be able to:


    -Describe the principles associated with survivorship curves including, K- and
    r- strategists.
    -Describe the role of density-dependent and density-independent factors, and
    internal and external factors, in the regulation of populations.
    -Describe the concept and processes of succession in a named habitat.

    Succession

    Succession
    Succession is the process by which a devastated community evolves
    through
    seral stages into a climax community.
    Primary Succession = starts out as an area completely devoid of life,
    with no soil.

    Secondary Succession = starts out as an area with much of its life


    destroyed and still has soil.

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V49IovRSJDs

    Topic
    2.6
    Changes

    Students will be able to:


    -describe the ways in which populations can change
    -define carrying capacity and describe factors that affect it.
    -describe the principles associated with survivorship curves including k- and
    r- strategists.
    -describe and explain S and J population growth curves.

    Factors affecting climax communities

    limate and edaphic factors determines the makeup o


    limax community

    ic factors are the physical, chemical, biological properties of soil such as water
    content, texture and pH.

    ural and Humans causes can interfere with the make


    e climax community, causing deflected succession.

    al causes are fires and landslides

    an causes are the clearing of the rainforest

    ath of climax community will then be altered so we say that a deflected successi
    aken place and gives rise to a Plagioclimax. Plagio = slanting

    Topic
    2.6
    Changes

    Students will be able to:


    -describe the ways in which populations can change
    -define carrying capacity and describe factors that affect it.
    -describe the principles associated with survivorship curves including k- and
    r- strategists.
    -describe and explain S and J population growth curves.

    Human influences in climax commun


    Rainforest

    Prairies

    Moorland

    Topic
    2.6
    Changes

    Students will be able to:


    -describe the ways in which populations can change
    -define carrying capacity and describe factors that affect it.
    -describe the principles associated with survivorship curves including k- and
    r- strategists.
    -describe and explain S and J population growth curves.

    Clearing the Rainforest

    ing and cutting down the forest for crop farming and grazing
    ents the rainforest from achieving climax community.
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s66r_00Zf60

    Topic
    2.6
    Changes

    Students will be able to:


    -describe the ways in which populations can change
    -define carrying capacity and describe factors that affect it.
    -describe the principles associated with survivorship curves including k- and
    r- strategists.
    -describe and explain S and J population growth curves.

    The conversion of the Prairies

    ome areas of America, fires and human use have removed al


    s and shrubs leaving the lands open for buffalo grass and blu
    ma to take its place.

    Topic
    2.6
    Changes

    Students will be able to:


    -describe the ways in which populations can change
    -define carrying capacity and describe factors that affect it.
    -describe the principles associated with survivorship curves including k- and
    r- strategists.
    -describe and explain S and J population growth curves.

    Deforestation of the Moorland

    The northern part of the United Kingdom was once


    heavily forested and is now dominated by heather.

    Topic
    2.6
    Changes

    Students will be able to:


    -describe the ways in which populations can change
    -define carrying capacity and describe factors that affect it.
    -describe the principles associated with survivorship curves including k- and
    r- strategists.
    -describe and explain S and J population growth curves.

    Dont confuse succession with

    Zonation

    Topic
    2.6
    Changes

    Students will be able to:


    -describe the ways in which populations can change
    -define carrying capacity and describe factors that affect it.
    -describe the principles associated with survivorship curves including k- and
    r- strategists.
    -describe and explain S and J population growth curves.

    Energy flow and productivity at


    different stages of succession

    P:R = 1
    P:R > 1
    P:R < 1

    production is equal to respiration


    biomass accumulates
    biomass is lost

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