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    Chapter 14 The Pursuit of Power

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    The document summarizes the rise of absolutism in Europe and the pursuit of power among European monarchs in the 17th and 18th centuries. It discusses how absolutism triumphed in France under kings like Louis XIV, and spread to other states like Brandenburg-Prussia, Austria, and Russia. However, absolutism was defeated in England as Parliament increased its powers. The balance of power in Europe led to conflicts like the War of Spanish Succession, War of Austrian Succession, and Seven Years' War, which reshaped the map of Europe and established Britain as a world power.

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    Chapter 14 The Pursuit of Power

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    771 views52 pages
    The document summarizes the rise of absolutism in Europe and the pursuit of power among European monarchs in the 17th and 18th centuries. It discusses how absolutism triumphed in France under kings like Louis XIV, and spread to other states like Brandenburg-Prussia, Austria, and Russia. However, absolutism was defeated in England as Parliament increased its powers. The balance of power in Europe led to conflicts like the War of Spanish Succession, War of Austrian Succession, and Seven Years' War, which reshaped the map of Europe and established Britain as a world power.

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    The document summarizes the rise of absolutism in Europe and the pursuit of power among European monarchs in the 17th and 18th centuries. It discusses how absolutism triumphed in France under kings like Louis XIV, and spread to other states like Brandenburg-Prussia, Austria, and Russia. However, absolutism was defeated in England as Parliament increased its powers. The balance of power in Europe led to conflicts like the War of Spanish Succession, War of Austrian Succession, and Seven Years' War, which reshaped the map of Europe and established Britain as a world power.

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    771 views52 pages

    Chapter 14 The Pursuit of Power

    Uploaded by

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    The document summarizes the rise of absolutism in Europe and the pursuit of power among European monarchs in the 17th and 18th centuries. It discusses how absolutism triumphed in France under kings like Louis XIV, and spread to other states like Brandenburg-Prussia, Austria, and Russia. However, absolutism was defeated in England as Parliament increased its powers. The balance of power in Europe led to conflicts like the War of Spanish Succession, War of Austrian Succession, and Seven Years' War, which reshaped the map of Europe and established Britain as a world power.

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    Chapter 14 the Pursuit of

    Power

    I. Power of Kings: Absolute or


    Restrained?

    1. Absolute Power

    Unlimited and unrestrained


    Increase royal authority by:
    - Increasing control over finances,
    religion, and nobility

    1. Absolute Power

    Increase royal authority by:


    - Increasing size of standing army
    and/or developing

    1. Absolute Power

    Increase royal authority by:


    Increasing size of government bureaucracy and
    making it an instrument of the royal will
    Increasing size of territory
    Through war if necessary

    1. Absolute Power

    Divine right
    - God had established it
    - Most Europeans accepted this
    Representative assemblies

    A) Absolutism Triumphs in France

    Chief advisers:
    1. Cardinal Richelieu
    2. Cardinal Mazarin
    Louis XIV

    A) Absolutism Triumphs in France

    Growth of Absolutism
    Henry IV
    Louis XIII
    - Came to throne at age 9
    - Chief minister: Cardinal Richelieu

    A) Absolutism Triumphs in France

    Growth of Absolutism
    1. Richelieus other goals:
    Destroy Huguenots
    Weaken nobility

    A) Absolutism Triumphs in France

    Growth of Absolutism
    2. Thirty Years War
    Gustavus Adolphus
    Peace of Westphalia

    A) Absolutism Triumphs in France

    Growth of Absolutism
    3. Louis XIV
    Chief minister: Cardinal Mazarin
    Frondes

    A) Absolutism Triumphs in France

    4. Epitome of Absolutism: Louis XIV


    Became his own chief minister
    - I am the state

    A) Absolutism Triumphs in France

    Financial and military policies

    Jean-Baptiste Colbert

    Reorganized French army

    A) Absolutism Triumphs in France

    Epitome of Absolutism: Louis XIV


    Revocation of the Edict of Nantes
    Huguenots lost remaining freedom to worship
    Results

    A) Absolutism Triumphs in France

    Life at Versailles
    Sun King
    Palace of Versailles
    Pride
    Known for immoral conduct

    A) Absolutism Triumphs in France

    Epitome of Absolutism: Louis XIV


    Foreign policy
    Wars
    Financial problems
    Louis XV

    B) Absolutism Spreads in Europe

    1.

    Brandenburg-Prussia
    Its resources
    Junkers
    Frederick William
    - The Great Elector

    B) Absolutism Spreads in
    Europe
    Brandenburg-Prussia
    Frederick I
    Interested in the arts
    Imitated Louis XIV
    King in Prussia
    Frederick William I
    Increase in the size of
    the army

    B) Absolutism Spreads in
    Europe
    Brandenburg-Prussia
    Frederick II
    Frederick the
    Great
    Tripled the size of
    the Prussian state
    Hohenzollern rulers

    B) Absolutism Spreads in
    Europe
    2. Austria
    Habsburg rulers
    Unable to create strong absolutist state
    Roman Catholic Church and nobility
    held great power
    Surrounded by aggressive neighbors
    Ruled many nationalities

    B) Absolutism Spreads in
    Europe

    Austria
    Joseph II
    Actions against the
    Roman Church

    B) Absolutism Spreads in
    Europe

    3. Russia
    - Ivan IV the Terrible
    Cruel and oppressive
    Czar
    - Romanov family

    B) Absolutism Spreads in Europe

    Russia
    Peter I
    Wished to adopt Western ways
    New capital called St. Petersburg

    B) Absolutism Spreads in Europe

    Russia
    Peter I
    Great Northern War
    Seized greater control over Russian Orthodox Church

    B) Absolutism Spreads in
    Europe
    Russia
    Catherine II the Great
    Immoral and ambitious
    Supported certain
    social reforms
    Continued territorial
    expansion

    C) Absolutism Defeated in England

    Parliament
    1. James I
    Expected conformity to Anglican Church
    Believed he ruled by divine right
    Disputed with Parliament

    C) Absolutism Defeated in England

    2. Charles I
    Continued to dismiss Parliament
    Petition of Right (1628)
    Tried to rule without Parliament for twelve
    years
    Scotland rebelled

    C) Absolutism Defeated in
    England
    2. Charles I
    Forced to recall
    Parliament
    Concessions were
    made
    Confrontation with
    Parliament
    Roundheads
    Cavaliers

    C) Absolutism Defeated in England

    Parliamentary forces defeat Charles I


    Army refuses to disband
    Cromwells forces take power
    Charles is put to death
    Rump Parliament
    Protectorate

    C) Absolutism Defeated in England

    - Instrument of Government
    - Cromwells son Richard was the second Lord
    Protector
    - Parliament invited Charles II to take the throne
    The Restoration
    Parliament retained much of the power it
    had won

    C) Absolutism Defeated in England

    3. Charles II
    - Habeas Corpus Act
    - Tried to remain financially independent of
    Parliament

    C) Absolutism Defeated in England

    4. James II
    - Catholic brother of Charles II
    - Elderly with two daughters
    - Had a son by his Catholic wife
    - Parliament invited William and Mary to take
    the throne
    - Glorious Revolution

    C) Absolutism Defeated in England


    5. William III and Mary II
    - Bill of Rights
    Forbade future kings or queens from being
    Roman Catholic
    - Act of Settlement
    Parliament could grant the throne
    No longer a divine right

    C) Absolutism Defeated in England

    Future rulers:
    Anne
    George I
    George II
    Cabinet government

    Chapter 14: Pursuit of Power in


    Europe

    II. Balance of Power

    II. Balance of Power

    Alliances
    Motives for war
    England always against France
    Prussia always against Austria

    A) War of the Spanish Succession

    1702-1713
    Causes
    Grand Alliance
    Victorious at Blenheim and Gibraltar
    Queen Annes War

    A) War of the Spanish Succession

    Treaty of Utrecht
    1. Philip retained throne in Spain only
    2. Spain had to surrender some of its
    possessions to Austria
    3. Britain won some Canadian territories
    from France

    B) War of the Austrian Succession

    1740-1748
    Pragmatic Sanction
    Maria Theresa
    Began when Frederick II seized Silesia
    France - Spain England enter the war

    B) War of the Austrian Succession

    Fighting in North America and India


    Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
    - Ended fighting
    - Status quo ante bellum

    C) Seven Years War

    1756-1763
    Diplomatic Revolution
    William Pitts strategy
    War in North America
    War in Europe
    Treaty of Hubertusburg

    C) Seven Years War

    Treaty of Paris
    France, Britain, Spain
    France lost all territory on mainland of
    North America
    France lost most of its commercial
    holdings in India

    C) Seven Years War

    Treaty of Paris
    Spain lost Florida to Great Britain but
    received New Orleans and Louisiana
    from France
    England emerged as a world power

    D) Partition of Poland

    Diplomacy
    Prussia, Russia, and Austria
    Poland disappeared from the map

    The End!

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