South Asia Physical Features and Climate

SOUTH ASIA:
PHYSICAL
FEATURES AND
CLIMATE
4 - 5 April 2017
Landforms
Northern Mountains Hindu Kush and

Himalayas to the north
A natural blockage for travelers
Only easy access through the Khyber Pass
and other passes in the Hindu Kush
Tectonic plates pushing together cause
these mountains to continue growing
Also cause earthquakes in the region
Landforms
Northern Plains have rivers flowing

through them
Ganges, Indus and Brahmaputra Rivers
Plains are good for farming (RICH SOIL),
transportation, and trade
40% of Indias population lives on the
fertile plains
Landforms
Southern Mountains eroded (more like

the Appalachians than Rockies) Eastern
and Western Ghats
Western Ghats block rains from the Deccan
Plateau
Hills south of the Deccan Plateau get lots
of rain spice plantations are common
Landforms
Islands Sri Lanka and the Maldives

Maldives
Many islands are atolls circular islands
made of coral that gets covered in by soil
and sand
Atolls often have lagoons shallow bodies
of water in the center of an atoll
Natural Resources
India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan have most

of the fertile farm land (in the river plains)
Many farmers and livestock keepers on
small farms that do not make much profit
India also has most of the mineral
resources in the region
Iron, manganese, and chromite all used
in steel production
Pakistan limestone (used to make
cement)
Natural Resources
Energy
Oil imported
Natural gas Pakistan and Bangladesh
Coal India, but difficult to mine
Hydroelectric plants using flowing water
to create electricity Bangladesh and
India; trying to build them in Nepal and
Bhutan
Environmental Issues
The growing population in South Asia

creates high demand for food, water, and
fuel
Clean water is hard to find in heavily
populated areas
Cities and factories are polluting the rivers
Farmers use the most water, often with
wasteful irrigation methods
Solution: many places are tapping aquifers
BUT salt water entering the aquifers is
making them less useful
Environmental Issues
Deforestation the region has few forests,

many of which are being cut down as building
materials
Air pollution cities and rural areas are both
seeing increased air pollution from the
burning of fuels
A brown cloud of chemicals, ash, and dust has
formed over the Indian Ocean decreases the
sunlight reaching the surface by 10%
Climate
Three seasons: hot, wet, and cool

Monsoons = seasonal winds
October February dry monsoon winds
February June hot air changes the
direction of the winds
June September wet seasons with
heavy rains
Monsoons Pros and
Cons
Take 2 minutes to create a pros and cons
list for the monsoons in India
Monsoons Pros and
Cons
Pro:
Lots of water and good temperatures for
growing crops, especially rice
Con:
Extreme heat causes water to evaporate
quickly
Places shielded from the monsoons remain
dry most of the year
Too much rain flooding, landslides
Other Natural Disaster
Cyclone intense tropical rainstorm with

high winds and heavy rains
Cyclone = hurricane = typhoon
All the same weather phenomenon
Named different things depending on
where it originates
Western North Pacific = typhoons
Indian Ocean / South Pacific = cyclones
Atlantic Ocean = hurricane
Climate Zones
Monsoon regions (ex: southern India) =

tropical wet
Dry regions (ex: Deccan Plateau) = tropical
dry; steppes
Extremely dry regions (ex: around the Indus,
Thar Desert) = desert
Highlands (ex: most of Nepal) = cool cold
Snow is always on the top of the Himalayan
Mountains
Summarizing the Main
Ideas
Write a sentence summarizing the main idea
of the following sections.
Landforms:
Environmental Concerns:
Seasons:
Climate Zones:
Ideas
Landforms: The landforms of the region
are primarily differentiated by elevation
(high mountains, plateaus, and plains)
Environmental Concerns:
Seasons:
Climate Zones:
Ideas
Environmental Concerns: South Asias
growing population creates high demand
for food and fuel, while causing pollution
problems.
Seasons:
Climate Zones:
Ideas
problems.
Seasons: Seasonal dry and wet winds
control the climate of the region with both
good and bad effects.
Climate Zones:
Ideas
problems.
Seasons: Seasonal dry and wet winds
control the climate of the region with both
good and bad effects.
Climate Zones: Climate zones are created
by monsoon winds, location in the tropics,
and elevation.

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South Asia Physical Features and Climate

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SOUTH ASIA:

Northern Mountains Hindu Kush and

Northern Plains have rivers flowing

Southern Mountains eroded (more like

Islands Sri Lanka and the Maldives

India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan have most

The growing population in South Asia

Deforestation the region has few forests,

Three seasons: hot, wet, and cool

Cyclone intense tropical rainstorm with

Monsoon regions (ex: southern India) =

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