6-Welding Symbols - Kashyap

THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF WELDING
BARODA BRANCH
202, Arckie View Complex, Tower-A,
Atmajyoti Ashram Road, Opp. WaterTank,
Vadodara 390 023
WELD JOINT DESIGN AND

SYMBOLS
INTRODUCTION
Welding is the most commonly used method of fabrication of

structural works, pressure vessels etc. Welded joint is the best
solution for leak proof joints.
The joint design identifies,

The shape, dimension and configuration of the joint.
The weld joint geometry is,

The shape and dimension of a joint in cross section prior to
welding
Butt welds:
Fillet welds:
Spot/Seam welds:
Plug/Slot welds:
Edge welds:
Butt joints:
T joints:
Lap joints:
Corner joints: Closed Open

corner corner
The purposes of a weld preparation is to allow access for the
welding process, penetration and fusion through the area of the
joint and its faces.
The basic rule is this:

The more you take out, then the more you must put back in
This has major effects on economics and distortion control etc

The root face, root gap and angle of bevel values, the choice of
single, or double sided preparations, are dictated only by the
type of welding process, the position and accessibility of the
joint.
Angle of bevel
Root face
Included angle
Root radius Root gap
Root landing
Single bevel
Single V
Single J
Single U
Double bevel
Double V
Double J
Double U
A butt welded butt joint
A fillet welded butt joint
A compound welded butt joint

A fillet welded T joint
A butt welded T joint
A compound welded T joint

A fillet welded Lap joint
A spot welded Lap joint
A compound welded Lap joint

A fillet welded Closed Corner joint
A butt welded Closed Corner joint
A compound welded Closed Corner joint

An inside fillet welded Open Co
C rner joint
An outside fillet welded Open Corner joint
A double fillet welded Open Corner joint

Weld Face
Actual Throat Thickness
Weld Width
1.2.3.4. Weld Toes Design Throat Thickness
1 2
A
B 3 4
HAZ Fusion Boundary
Weld Root Fusion Zone
A + B = Excess Weld Metal
Vertical Leg Length
Weld face
Horizontal Leg Length

Excess weld metal
Design throat
Actual throat
a = Nominal throat thickness s = Effective throat thickness
a s
WELDING SYMBOLS
Welding symbol convey design requirements to the shop in a

concise manner. Welding symbol include the following
elements:
Reference line (Required element)
Arrow (Required element)
Tail
Basic weld symbol
Dimension and other data
Supplementary symbols
Finish symbols
Specification , process or other reference
REPRESENTATION OF WELDS
REFERANCE LINE & ARROW:
The reference line always drawn horizontally.

The lower side of reference line is termed the arrow side & upper side of
reference line termed as other side.
When the arrow is shown with a break ,break arrows always points towards
the member of the joints that is to be prepared or shaped.
Multiple reference line may also be used with basic weld symbols.
First backing joint

Second bevel
Third is flatting
TAIL
SPECIFICATION
The tail of the welding symbol is used to indicate the

welding and cutting processes as well as the welding
specifications , procedures or supplementary information.
Codes , Drawing notes , or any other applicable
documents pertaining to the welding may be specified.
SUPPLEMENTARY SYMBOLS
Supplementary symbols are used in connection
with with the weld symbol and can indicate extent
of welding ,weld appearance ,material included in
the preparation of the welded joint or indicate
welding which is performed in some place other
than in the shop
THE TYPES OF SUPPLEMENTARY SYMBOLS ARE:
Weld all around
Field weld
Melt through
Consumable insert (Square)
Backing or spacer (Rectangular)
WELD ALL AROUND SYMBOLS
The symbol is used to show weld application made

completely around the joint specified
FIELD WELDS
Field welds are not made in shop

The symbol known as field flag is either above or below,
and to a right angle to reference line at the junction of the
arrow
MELT TROUGH SYMBOLS
This symbol is used only when complete root penetration

plus visible root reinforcement is required in welds
The symbol is placed on the side of reinforcement line
opposite to the weld symbols
CONSUMABLE INSERT SYMBOLS
Consumable inserts are strips or rings of filler metal, added

to the weld joints,that completely fuse to the joining
members
The square symbol is specified by placing the symbol on
the opposite side of the groove weld symbols
BACKING OR SPACER SYMBOL
The joints with backing are specified by placing the backing symbol
on the side of the reference line opposite the groove weld symbol.
Material and dimension of the backing are specified in the tail of the
symbol.
GROOVE WITH SPACER

The joint that require spacers are specified by modifying the groove
symbols to rectangle within it.
The spacer is require to joints welded from both side and is generally
centered on the root face of the prepared members.
Material & dimension of the spacer are shown in the tail of symbol.
WELD SYMBOL DIMENSIONING
S L-P
S=FILLET WELD SIZE

L=FILLET WELD LENGTH
P=PITCH (Center to Center Spacing)
TYPES OF SYMBOLS FOR
APPLICABLE WELD
SQUARE BUTT FILLET WELD
V GROOVE PLUG WELD
BEVEL GROOVE STUD WELD
U GROOVE SPOT WELD
J GROOVE SEAM WELD
FLARE V GROOVE BACKING
FLARE BEVEL FLANGE EDGE

GROOVE
SCARE GROOVE FLANGE GROOVE
THANK YOU

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THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF WELDING

WELD JOINT DESIGN AND

Welding is the most commonly used method of fabrication of

The joint design identifies,

The weld joint geometry is,

Corner joints: Closed Open

The basic rule is this:

This has major effects on economics and distortion control etc

Root radius Root gap

A fillet welded butt joint

A compound welded butt joint

A butt welded T joint

A compound welded T joint

A spot welded Lap joint

A compound welded Lap joint

A butt welded Closed Corner joint

A compound welded Closed Corner joint

An outside fillet welded Open Corner joint

A double fillet welded Open Corner joint

Horizontal Leg Length

Welding symbol convey design requirements to the shop in a

The reference line always drawn horizontally.

First backing joint

The tail of the welding symbol is used to indicate the

The symbol is used to show weld application made

Field welds are not made in shop

This symbol is used only when complete root penetration

CONSUMABLE INSERT SYMBOLS

Consumable inserts are strips or rings of filler metal, added

GROOVE WITH SPACER

S=FILLET WELD SIZE

SQUARE BUTT FILLET WELD

V GROOVE PLUG WELD

BEVEL GROOVE STUD WELD

U GROOVE SPOT WELD

J GROOVE SEAM WELD

FLARE V GROOVE BACKING

FLARE BEVEL FLANGE EDGE

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