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    Words, Ideas, and Terms

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    Vienna Corrine Q. Abucejo
    Logic (from the Greek "logos", which has a variety of meanings including word, thought, idea, argument, account, reason or principle) is the study of reasoning, or the study of the principles and criteria of valid inference and demonstration.

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    Words, Ideas, and Terms

    Uploaded by

    Vienna Corrine Q. Abucejo
    34 views10 pages
    Logic (from the Greek "logos", which has a variety of meanings including word, thought, idea, argument, account, reason or principle) is the study of reasoning, or the study of the principles and criteria of valid inference and demonstration.

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    lesson-3

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    Logic (from the Greek "logos", which has a variety of meanings including word, thought, idea, argument, account, reason or principle) is the study of reasoning, or the study of the principles and criteria of valid inference and demonstration.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    34 views10 pages

    Words, Ideas, and Terms

    Uploaded by

    Vienna Corrine Q. Abucejo
    Logic (from the Greek "logos", which has a variety of meanings including word, thought, idea, argument, account, reason or principle) is the study of reasoning, or the study of the principles and criteria of valid inference and demonstration.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 10

    Words, Ideas, and Terms

    A word is a basic unit of language and is composed


    of different letters.
    Two classes of word:
    1. Categorematic words are those which can be used
    as a term without being accompanied by any other
    word. Ex. Nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and
    participles
    2. Syncategorematic words are those words which
    can be used as a term in conjunction with other
    words. Ex. Adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, etc.
    An idea, concept or notion is an intellectual
    representation or image of a thing in the real
    world.
    The formation of this idea in the mind involves
    the process of simple apprehension. The mind
    cannot take object physically into itself, but it
    knows an object by taking it in intellectually.
    A term is a word or group of words which, by
    convention, signifies an idea in the mind and
    the object it represents.
    Characteristics of a term:
    1. A term is a word or group of words
    Note: All terms are words but not all words
    are terms.
    2. A term is conventional sign
    It is an external sign of an idea.
    3. A term is categorical
    It denotes a category or a class of objects
    which is used as subjects and predicates
    in categorical propositions.
    The Comprehension and Extension of
    Terms
    1. Comprehension refers to the meaning or quality of
    the term.
    a. Univocal- if the meaning is still the same when it is
    predicated to different objects or individuals.
    b. Equivocal- if the meaning is changed when it is
    predicated to different objects or individuals.
    c. Analogous- if the meaning is partly the same and
    partly different when predicated to different objects
    or individuals.
    2. Extension refers to the objects, quantity
    or number of a term.

    a. Singular- applies to a specific or definite


    individual member of a class or a group.
    b. Particular- applies to some portion of a
    class. Some is the standard word
    attached to the term that is quantified as
    particular.
    c. Universal- applies to all numbers of a
    class without exception.
    The Relationship between Comprehension
    and Extension

    The relationship between


    comprehension and extension of
    terms is inversely proportional. It is
    govern by the principle which
    states: when the comprehension is
    increased, the extension decreases;
    and when extension is increased,
    the comprehension decreases.
    The Classification of Terms
    1. Opposition of terms
    a. Contradictory terms- are absolutely
    opposed to each other in meaning.
    Ex. Black: non-black, sane: insane
    2. Contrary terms- are opposed to each
    other since they represent two
    extremes in particular order or class
    of nature or reality.
    Ex. Beautiful: ugly, tall: short
    2. Composition of terms

    a. Simple terms- are those that


    consists only a single word.
    Ex. Dog, house, paper, etc.

    b. Compound terms- are those that


    consists more than one word.
    Ex. Human beings, beautiful woman,
    etc.
    3. Interdependence of terms

    a. Absolute terms- are those that are


    independent and can exist by itself without
    any qualification.
    Ex. Man, tree, flower, etc.

    b. Relative terms- are those that are


    dependent or correlative with other term.
    Ex. Teacher: student, parent: child, master-
    servant, etc.
    4. Objects of Terms

    a. Concrete terms- are those that do


    have material existence perceptible
    by the human senses.
    Ex. Car, chair, ball, etc.

    b. Abstract terms- are those that do


    not have physical existence. It can
    only be understood by the mind.
    Ex. Justice, love, truth, beauty, etc.

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