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    Bab-1 Pengantar Personal Computer (PC) 1

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    hani
    The document provides an introduction to personal computers (PCs). It defines what a computer system is and its main hardware and software components. It then describes the case, power supply, motherboard, CPU, cooling systems, memory (RAM and ROM), expansion cards, storage drives, and internal cables that make up the internal components of a typical PC. It explains the purpose and characteristics of each of these key internal parts.

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    Bab-1 Pengantar Personal Computer (PC) 1

    Uploaded by

    hani
    46 views30 pages
    The document provides an introduction to personal computers (PCs). It defines what a computer system is and its main hardware and software components. It then describes the case, power supply, motherboard, CPU, cooling systems, memory (RAM and ROM), expansion cards, storage drives, and internal cables that make up the internal components of a typical PC. It explains the purpose and characteristics of each of these key internal parts.

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    pengantar PC

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    The document provides an introduction to personal computers (PCs). It defines what a computer system is and its main hardware and software components. It then describes the case, power supply, motherboard, CPU, cooling systems, memory (RAM and ROM), expansion cards, storage drives, and internal cables that make up the internal components of a typical PC. It explains the purpose and characteristics of each of these key internal parts.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    46 views30 pages

    Bab-1 Pengantar Personal Computer (PC) 1

    Uploaded by

    hani
    The document provides an introduction to personal computers (PCs). It defines what a computer system is and its main hardware and software components. It then describes the case, power supply, motherboard, CPU, cooling systems, memory (RAM and ROM), expansion cards, storage drives, and internal cables that make up the internal components of a typical PC. It explains the purpose and characteristics of each of these key internal parts.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Pengantar Personal Computer

    (PC)
    by
    Yamin
    Objektif
    Pengertian sistem komputer
    Mengidentifikasi case komputer dan power
    supply
    Menidentifiksi komponen-kompomnen
    internal komputer
    Mengidentifikasi port dan kable komputer
    Mengidentifikasik input devices
    Mengetahui system resource da tujuannya
    komputer sistem
    Defenisi : suatu sistem yang terletak pada gabungan
    perangkat lunak dan perangkat keras yang saling
    terintegrasi dan tersinkronisasi serta berkomunikai satu
    sama lain yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk tujuan
    tertentu.
    Perangkat keras (hardware) : peralatan secara fisik yang
    terdiri dari case (kerangka), storage drive (kotak
    penyimpan data), keyboard (papan ketik masukan),
    monitor (layar kaca tampilan), kabel, speaker (tempat
    keluaran suara) dan printer (pencetak keluaran)
    Perangkat lunak (Software) : perangkat yang terdiri dari
    sistem pengoperasian dan program-program
    Kerangka Komputer (case) : Tempat (Framework) untuk menyokong komponen-komponen internal.
    Bahan : plastik, baja, dan alumunium serta bermacam-macam kombinasi.
    Ukuran dan layout dinamakan form factor.
    Basik form factor : dekstop dan tower.
    Istilah lain : Computer chassis, Cabinet, Tower, Box, Housing
    Faktor pemilihan case : ukuran motherboard, jumlah loksi drive internal dan external (bays), dan
    space yg tersedia
    Memilih case : model type, ukuran, ruang tersedia, power supply, penampilan, status display, dan
    vents
    Power Supply dan Connector
    Different power supply form factors provide different power output connections,
    depending on system requirements. AT form factors have been slowly phased
    out by ATX form factor power supplies because of the different case sizes and
    advanced features. ATXv12 was created to add power support for the
    motherboard by adding another four-pin power connector.
    If you have a difficult time inserting a connector,
    try a different way, or check to make sure that no
    bent pins or foreign objects are in the way.
    Remember, if it seems difficult to plug in any
    cable or other part, something is wrong. Cables,
    connectors, and components are designed to fit
    together snugly. Never force any connector or
    component. Connectors that are plugged in
    incorrectly will damage the plug and the
    connector. Take your time, and make sure that
    you are handling the hardware correctly.
    Hukum ohm dan listrik : V = IR
    Power
    Do not open a power supply. Electronic
    capacitors located inside a power supply can
    hold a charge for extended periods of time.
    Komponen Internal
    Identify the names, purposes, and characteristics of
    motherboards.
    Identify the names, purposes, and characteristics of CPUs.
    Identify the names, purposes, and characteristics of cooling
    systems.
    Identify the names, purposes, and characteristics of ROM
    and RAM.
    Identify the names, purposes, and characteristics of
    adapter cards.
    Identify the names, purposes, and characteristics of storage
    drives.
    Identify the names, purposes, and characteristics of
    internal cables
    Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC): Architectures use
    a relatively small set of instructions, and RISC chips are
    designed to execute these instructions very rapidly.
    Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC): Architectures use
    a broad set of instructions, resulting in fewer steps per
    operation.
    Hyper threading : meningkatkan performasi CPU
    CPU Power : cycle per second
    Overclocking : suatu teknik untuk mempercepat kerja
    prosesor.:
    MXX : seperangkat intruksi multimedia yang dibangun
    didalam prosesor intel.
    Teknologi prosesor yang terkini :
    Single-core CPU: One core inside a single CPU chip
    that handles all the processing capability. A
    motherboard manufacturer may provide sockets for
    more than a single processor, providing the ability to
    build a powerful multiprocessor computer.
    Dual-core CPU: Two cores inside a single CPU chip, in
    which both cores can process information at the same
    time. ect.
    Cache : memori khusus tempat menyimpan
    intruksi dan data, sementara CPU mengeksekusi 1
    langkah program
    Sistem pendingin ( Cooling System )

    Case Fan CPU Fans


    Graphics Card Cooling System
    ROM dan RAM
    ROM chip : located on the motherboard. ROM
    chips contain instructions that the CPU can access
    directly. ROM stores basic instructions for booting
    the computer and loading the operating system.
    RAM : the temporary storage for data and
    programs that are being accessed by the CPU.
    RAM is volatile memory, which means that the
    contents are erased when the computer is
    powered off
    Tipe ROM :
    Programmable read-only memory (PROM): Information is
    written to a PROM chipafter it is manufactured. A PROM
    chip cannot be erased or rewritten.
    Erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM):
    Information is written to anEPROM chip after it is
    manufactured. An EPROM chip can be erased with
    exposure toUV light. Special equipment is required.
    Electrically erasable programmable read-only memory
    (EEPROM): Information iswritten to an EEPROM chip after
    it is manufactured. EEPROM chips are also calledflash
    ROMs. An EEPROM chip can be erased and rewritten
    without removing the chipfrom the computer.
    Tipe RAM :
    Dynamic RAM (DRAM) is a memory chip that is used as main memory. DRAM must be
    constantly refreshed with pulses of electricity to maintain the data stored in the chip.
    Static RAM (SRAM) is a memory chip that is used as cache memory. SRAM is much faster
    than DRAM and does not have to be refreshed as often.
    Fast Page Mode (FPM) DRAM is memory that supports paging. Paging enables faster access
    to the data than regular DRAM. Most 486 and Pentium systems from 1995 and earlier use
    FPM memory.
    Extended Data Out (EDO) RAM is memory that overlaps consecutive data accesses. This
    speeds up the access time to retrieve data from memory, because the CPU does not have to
    wait for one data access cycle to end before another data access cycle begins.
    Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM) is DRAM that operates in synchronization with the memory
    bus. The memory bus is the data path between the CPU and the main memory.
    Double Data Rate (DDR) SDRAM is memory that transfers data twice as fast as SDRAM. DDR
    SDRAM increases performance by transferring data twice per cycle.
    Double Data Rate 2 (DDR2) SDRAM is faster than DDR-SDRAM memory. DDR2 SDRAM
    improves performance over DDR SDRAM by decreasing noise and crosstalk between the
    signal wires.
    RAMBus DRAM (RDRAM) is a memory chip that was developed to communicate at very
    high rates of speed. RDRAM chips are not commonly used.
    Tipe Modul Memori
    Dual Inline Package (DIP) is an individual memory chip. A DIP had
    dual rows of pins used to attach it to the motherboard.
    Single Inline Memory Module (SIMM) is a small circuit board
    that holds several memory chips. SIMMs have 30-pin and 72-pin
    configurations.
    Dual Inline Memory Module (DIMM) is a circuit board that holds
    SDRAM, DDRSDRAM, and DDR2 SDRAM chips. There are 168-pin
    SDRAM DIMMs, 184-pinDDR DIMMs, and 240-pin DDR2 DIMMs.
    RAM Bus Inline Memory Module (RIMM) is a circuit board that
    holds RDRAM chips. A typical RIMM has a 184-pin configuration.
    Memory modules can be single-sided or double-sided. Single-sided
    memory modules contain RAMon only one side of the module.
    Double-sided memory modules contain RAM on both sides of the
    module
    Tipe memori cache :
    L1 is internal cache integrated into the CPU
    L2 is external cache originally mounted on the
    motherboard near the CPU. L2 cache is
    now integrated into the CPU.
    L3 is used on some high-end workstations
    and server CPUs
    3 metod pengecekan memory error :
    Nonparity does not check for errors in
    memory.
    Parity contains 8 bits for data and 1 bit for
    error checking. The error-checking bit is called
    a parity bit.
    Error Correction Code (ECC) can detect
    multiple bit errors in memory and correct
    single bit errors in memory.
    Adapter Card :
    NIC connects a computer to a network using a network cable.
    Wireless NIC connects a computer to a network using radio frequencies
    Sound adapter provides audio capability.
    Video adapter provides graphic capability.
    Modem adapter connects a computer to the Internet using a phone
    line.
    SCSI adapter connects SCSI devices, such as hard drives or tape drives,
    to a
    computer.
    RAID adapter connects multiple hard drives to a computer to provide
    redundancy and to improve performance.
    USB port connects a computer to peripheral devices.
    Parallel port connects a computer to peripheral devices.
    Serial port connects a computer to peripheral devices.
    Tipe slot Expansi (tambahan)
    Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) is an 8-bit or 16-bit expansion slot.
    This is older technology and is seldom used.
    Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) is a 32-bit expansion
    slot. This is older technology and is seldom used.
    Microchannel Architecture (MCA) is an IBM-proprietary 32-bit
    expansion slot. This is older technology and is seldom used.
    Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) is a 32-bit or 64-bit expansion
    slot. PCI is the standard slot currently used in most computers.
    Advanced Graphics Port (AGP) is a 32-bit expansion slot. AGP is
    designed for video adapters.
    PCI-Express is a serial bus expansion slot. PCI-Express is backward-
    compatible withPCI slots. PCI-Express has x1, x4, x8, x16 slots.
    Drive Storage
    Floppy drive
    Hard drive
    Optical drive
    Flash drive
    Network drive
    Internal kabel PC : A colored stripe on a cable identifies Pin 1 on the
    cable. When installing a data cable, always ensurethat Pin 1 on the
    cable aligns with Pin 1 on the drive or drive controller. Some cables
    may be keyed; therefore, they can be connected only one way to
    the drive and drive controller.
    Port dan Kabel : Serial, USB, FireWire ,
    Parallel, SCSI , Network, PS/2, Audio,
    Video

    Serial Ports and Cables


    Port dan kabel USB

    USB Connectors
    Port dan Kabel FireWire

    FireWire Connectors Parallel Cable SCSI Connectors


    Network dan kabel
    PS/2 Ports
    Network Connector Audio Ports

    Digital Cameras
    Video Ports Fingerprint Scanner
    Printer, Scanner, dan Mesin Fax
    Speakers and Headphones
    Types of Monitors All-in-One Printer
    System Resources
    Interrupt requests (IRQ) :Computer components use interrupt requests (IRQ) to
    request information from the CPU. The IRQ travels along a wire on the
    motherboard to the CPU
    I/O port addresses :Input/output (I/O) port addresses are used to communicate
    between devices and software.The I/O port address is used to send and receive
    data for a component.
    Direct Memory Access (DMA) : High-speed devices use Direct Memory Access
    (DMA) channels to communicate directly with the main memory.
    Direct Memory Access : High-speed devices use Direct
    Memory Access (DMA) channels to communicate
    directlywith the main memory. These channels allow
    the device to bypass interaction with the CPUand
    directly store information in memory and retrieve it.

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