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    T Hypoid

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    Deddy Shangrela
    1. The document discusses typhoid fever, caused by the Salmonella typhi bacteria. It is endemic in Indonesia, with most cases occurring in children over 5 years old. 2. The document outlines factors that affect the spread of typhoid, including barriers in the intestines, immunity, bacterial amount and virulence. It also describes clinical symptoms, diagnostic tests, treatment, prevention and vaccination approaches. 3. Treatment involves supportive care like fluid maintenance and antibiotics like chloramphenicol or third generation cephalosporins. Prevention focuses on hygiene and vaccines like the Vi polysaccharide or Ty21-a oral vaccines.

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    T Hypoid

    Uploaded by

    Deddy Shangrela
    16 views22 pages
    1. The document discusses typhoid fever, caused by the Salmonella typhi bacteria. It is endemic in Indonesia, with most cases occurring in children over 5 years old. 2. The document outlines factors that affect the spread of typhoid, including barriers in the intestines, immunity, bacterial amount and virulence. It also describes clinical symptoms, diagnostic tests, treatment, prevention and vaccination approaches. 3. Treatment involves supportive care like fluid maintenance and antibiotics like chloramphenicol or third generation cephalosporins. Prevention focuses on hygiene and vaccines like the Vi polysaccharide or Ty21-a oral vaccines.

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    Thypoid

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    t Hypoid

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    1. The document discusses typhoid fever, caused by the Salmonella typhi bacteria. It is endemic in Indonesia, with most cases occurring in children over 5 years old. 2. The document outlines factors that affect the spread of typhoid, including barriers in the intestines, immunity, bacterial amount and virulence. It also describes clinical symptoms, diagnostic tests, treatment, prevention and vaccination approaches. 3. Treatment involves supportive care like fluid maintenance and antibiotics like chloramphenicol or third generation cephalosporins. Prevention focuses on hygiene and vaccines like the Vi polysaccharide or Ty21-a oral vaccines.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    16 views22 pages

    T Hypoid

    Uploaded by

    Deddy Shangrela
    1. The document discusses typhoid fever, caused by the Salmonella typhi bacteria. It is endemic in Indonesia, with most cases occurring in children over 5 years old. 2. The document outlines factors that affect the spread of typhoid, including barriers in the intestines, immunity, bacterial amount and virulence. It also describes clinical symptoms, diagnostic tests, treatment, prevention and vaccination approaches. 3. Treatment involves supportive care like fluid maintenance and antibiotics like chloramphenicol or third generation cephalosporins. Prevention focuses on hygiene and vaccines like the Vi polysaccharide or Ty21-a oral vaccines.

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    GROUP VI

    1. BENI DANIL 1620008B


    2. DARMA TRI SAMUDRA 1620009B
    3. DWI RAHMAWATI 16220063B
    4. ANWAR ALIUDIN 1620006B
    5. TRUBUS SRIYANTO 1620037B
    6. DEDDY RIO SHANGRELA 1620010B
    PRELIMINARY
    Systemic infection of Salmonella
    germs Acute
    Endemic disease in Indonesia
    75% of cases> 5 years old
    Clinical symptoms of children are lighter than adults
    Factors Affecting the Travel of Salmonella
    Infectious Diseases
    Barier pejamu
    Local : Local: pH, motility TGI, intestinal flora
    General: humoral & cellular immunity
    Organism
    Amount Bactery
    Virulensi (serotipe)
    Resistance to antibiotics
    CLINICAL SYMPTOMS
    CLINICAL SYMPTOMS ARE NOT TYPICAL (CHILD)
    Fever 7 days
    Gastrointestinal symptoms
    gag
    diarrhea / obstipation
    bloated Delirium
    consciousness decreases The big boy
    RESEMBLES AN ADULT LOOKS
    toxic, dehydrated,
    Tifoid tongue,
    hepatomegaly, splenomegaly
    LABORATORIUM
    Peripheral blood
    leukopenia, an-eosinophilia,
    relative lymphocytosis
    When Platelet is severe
    Improved LED,
    Increased transaminase enzyme
    Serological Test IgM & IgG
    Salmonella typhi cultures
    DIAGNOSTIC TESTS

    Widal Test,
    DNA tracker (DNA probe),
    IgG protein outer membrane,
    Immunoblotting (Typhi-dot),
    PCR (polymerase chain reaction)
    WIDAL TEST

    Detect anti-body O & H with agglutination,


    Aglutinin 0,
    Increasing the end of Week I (hr 6-8),
    Disappear 6-12 months,
    Diagnostics:
    - Titer 1/40
    - Titer 1/200
    - Titer convalesens> 4X acute
    COMPLICATION

    INSIDE THE OUTSIDE THE


    GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

    peritonitis, encephalitis,
    bleeding, pneumonia,
    meningitis,
    perforation osteomyelitis,
    hepatitis
    TREATMENT

    Supportive.
    fluids, diet.
    electrolyte.
    acid base
    Causal treatment
    medicamentous (antibiotics, corticosteroids)
    surgery (treatment of complications)
    SUPPORTIVE TREATMENT
    Fluid maintenance,
    solution D5: NaCl 0.9% (3: 1)
    added 12.5% every 10 temperature increase.
    Diet.
    eat soft.
    reduce fiber,
    a stimulating substance.
    not too tight.
    Acid base correction.
    Electrolyte correction.
    ANTIBIOTIC TREATMENT

    Chloramphenicol
    100mg / kgBB / day orally, maximum 2 grams, 10
    hr (no leukocyte <2000 / Ul)
    Cotrimoxazole
    6mg / kgBB / day, 10 days
    Amoxicillin
    100 mg / kgBW / day, 10 days
    KAUSAL TREATMENT
    Ceftriaxone (3rd generation cephalosporins)
    80 mg / kg / day
    intravenous, intramuscular, per-infusion
    long treatment 5 days i
    Cefixime (3rd generation cephalosporins)
    20 mg / kgBW / day
    per-oral,
    long treatment 10 days
    Quinolones
    not recommended <14 years (experimental animals: cartilage
    arthropathy), FDA 1997
    COMPLICATION TREATMENT
    Encephalopathy
    dexamethasone 1-3 mg / BB / day, 3-5 days
    Peritonitis, gastrointestinal bleeding fasting,
    parenteral nutrition, blood transfusion (on indication)
    Perforation
    laparatomi
    Supportive
    Liquids, dehydration correction, acidosis,
    hypoelecrolithemia
    PREVENTION

    Individual hygiene,
    Environmental hygiene,
    Eradicate careers,
    Hygiene in child care,
    Transmission in hospital (nosokomial),
    Vaccinations.
    ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION
    Capsular Vi polysaccharide
    injection of Typhim Vi,
    intramuscularly
    polysaccharide vaccine, conjuncture
    given at age> 2 years
    repeat every 3 years
    Ty 21-a
    Oral, Vivotive: 3 doses interval of a day interval
    given at age> 6 year
    CONCLUSION
    Typhoid fever of children is especially found in children> 5
    years
    Clinically lighter than adults,
    The younger the child's age, the clinically invisible
    Sensitive, specific, easy and inexpensive investigations are
    required
    The drug of choice: chloramphenicol
    Prevention: improving hygiene & vaccines

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