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Imunologi: Dini Agustina Mikro - FK UNEJ 2015

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52 views18 pages

Imunologi: Dini Agustina Mikro - FK UNEJ 2015

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Almira Zha
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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IMUNOLOGI

Dini Agustina
Mikro_FK UNEJ
2015
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TERMINOLOGY

Immunity Protection from the disease and, more


specifically, infectious disease
Immune system defense against infectious microbes

Immune response reaction of these cells and molecules to


infectious microbes
Immunology the study of the immune system and its
responses to invading pathogens

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The Importance of the
Immune System
Role of the immune system Implications
Defense against infections Deficient immunity results in increased
susceptibility to infections; exemplified
by AIDS
Vaccination boosts immune defenses
and protects against infections

The immune system recognizes and Immune responses are important


responds to tissue grafts and newly barriers to transplantation and gene
introduced proteins therapy

Defense against tumors Potential for immunotherapy of cancer


Antibodies are highly specific reagents Immunologic approaches for laboratory
for detecting any class of molecules testing are widely used in clinical
medicine and research
Klasifikasi
Innate
Adaptif (didapat)
(bawaan)

Aktif Pasif Alamiah

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Innate immunity
early reactions
Adaptive immunity
later respons

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Microbe
Innate immunity Adaptive immunity

B lymphocytes Antibodies
Epithelial
barriers

T lymphocytes
Effector T cells
Phagocytes

Complement NK cells

Hours Days
0 6 12 1 3 5
Time after infection
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Innate Immunity Adaptive Immunity
Properties
- Specificity Relative low High
- Diversity Limited High
- Specialization Relative stabile Very special
- Memory No Yes
Component
- Physical barrier Skin, Mucous membrane, Skin immune system,
Normal Flora mucous secretion,
Complement secretory antibody
- Blood protein Phagocytes (macrophage, Antibody/ Ig
- Cells PMN, NK) Lymphocytes (B & T)

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Components of innate
immunity
Component Principle function
Barriers
Epithelial layers Prevent microbial entry
Defensin Microbial killing
Intraepithelial lymphocytes Microbial killing

Circulating efector cells


Neutrophils Early phagocytosis and killing microbes
Macrophages Early phagocytosis and killing microbes,
secretion of cytokines that stimulate
inflammation

NK cells Lysis of infected cells, activation of


macrophages
Components Principle function
Circulating effector proteins
Complement Killing microbes, opsonization of microbes,
activation of leukocytes
Membran binding lectin ( collectin) Opsonization of microbes, activation of
complement
C-reactive protein (pentraxin) Opsonization of microbes, activation of
complement
Coagulation factors Walling of infected tissues
Cytokines
TNF, IL-1, chemokines Inflammation
IFN- Macrophage activation
IL-12 IFN- production by NK cells and T cells
IL-15 Proliferation of NK cells
IL-10,TGF- Control of inflammation
IFN-, Resistance to viral infection
Adaptive Immunity

Class Functions
CD4+ helper T lymphocytes B cell differentiation (humoral
immunity)
Macrophage activation (cell-mediated
immunity)
CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes Killing of cell infected with microbes,
killing of tumor cells
Regulatory T cell Suppress function of other T cell
(regulation of immune responses,
maintenance of self-tolerance)

B lymphocytes Antibody production

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Types 0f Adaptive
Immune Respons

Humoral immunity
mediated by molecules in the blood, called ANTIBODIES
antibodies produced by cells called B lymphocytes
principle defense mechanisms against extracellular microbes
and their toxin
Cell-mediated immunity (cellular immunity)
mediated by T lymphocytes
principle defense mechanisms against intracellular microbes
such as viruses and some bacteria
promotes the destruction of microbes residing in phagocytes or
the lysis of infected cells

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Antibody isotype : specific effector function

Ig G : Neutralization, Opsonization
Activation of classical pathway of complement
ADCC mediated by NK cells
Neonatal immunity
Ig M : Activation of classical pathway of complement
Ig A : Mucosal immunity
Ig E : ADCC mediated by eosinophils
Mast cell degranulation
Ig D : bind to basophils and mast cells and activate
these cells to produce antimicrobial factors to
participate in respiratory immune defense in humans

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adapted from

1. Kusworini Handono. Introduction to the immune system.


Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University Malang
2. Abbas A.K and Lictman A.H. 2003. celluler and molekuler
immunology. Fifth ed. Elsevier Health Sciences. USA
3. Chen, Kang et al. 2009. Immunoglobulin D enhances
immune surveillance by activating antimicrobial,
proinflammatory and B cell-stimulating programs in
basophils. Nat Immunol.10 (8): 889898.
4. Jawetz, Melnick, & Adelberg's Medical Microbiology 25th ed

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