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    Out Crows

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    coolanky24
    The document discusses cross-cultural communication. It begins by defining culture and communication, noting that culture depends on symbolic thought and social learning while communication involves sending messages with minimal loss of meaning. It then explains that cross-cultural communication is important for business opportunities, understanding diverse markets, and globalization. However, cultural differences like communication styles, decision-making, and approaches to knowledge can impact cross-cultural interactions. The document concludes by providing tips for effective cross-cultural communication, such as listening carefully, using clarity, and understanding different cultural norms around topics like nonverbal cues, time perception, and personal responsibility.

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    Out Crows

    Uploaded by

    coolanky24
    35 views46 pages
    The document discusses cross-cultural communication. It begins by defining culture and communication, noting that culture depends on symbolic thought and social learning while communication involves sending messages with minimal loss of meaning. It then explains that cross-cultural communication is important for business opportunities, understanding diverse markets, and globalization. However, cultural differences like communication styles, decision-making, and approaches to knowledge can impact cross-cultural interactions. The document concludes by providing tips for effective cross-cultural communication, such as listening carefully, using clarity, and understanding different cultural norms around topics like nonverbal cues, time perception, and personal responsibility.

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    The document discusses cross-cultural communication. It begins by defining culture and communication, noting that culture depends on symbolic thought and social learning while communication involves sending messages with minimal loss of meaning. It then explains that cross-cultural communication is important for business opportunities, understanding diverse markets, and globalization. However, cultural differences like communication styles, decision-making, and approaches to knowledge can impact cross-cultural interactions. The document concludes by providing tips for effective cross-cultural communication, such as listening carefully, using clarity, and understanding different cultural norms around topics like nonverbal cues, time perception, and personal responsibility.

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    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    35 views46 pages

    Out Crows

    Uploaded by

    coolanky24
    The document discusses cross-cultural communication. It begins by defining culture and communication, noting that culture depends on symbolic thought and social learning while communication involves sending messages with minimal loss of meaning. It then explains that cross-cultural communication is important for business opportunities, understanding diverse markets, and globalization. However, cultural differences like communication styles, decision-making, and approaches to knowledge can impact cross-cultural interactions. The document concludes by providing tips for effective cross-cultural communication, such as listening carefully, using clarity, and understanding different cultural norms around topics like nonverbal cues, time perception, and personal responsibility.

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    of 46

    OUT-CROWS

    JAPAN
    UAE
    USA
    CROSS-CULTURE COMMUNICATION

    “The reasonable person adapts himself to the


    world, while the unreasonable one persists in
    trying to adapt the world to himself”
    Culture
    • From the Latin cultura stemming from colere,
    meaning to cultivate , is a term that has various
    meanings.
    • “Culture" is most commonly used in three basic
    senses :
    1.High Culture
    2. An integrated pattern of human knowledge,
    depends upon the capacity for symbolic thought and
    social learning.
    3. The set of shared attitudes, values, goals, and
    practices.
    "Culture is the arts elevated to a set of beliefs."
    – Tom Wolfe
    COMMUNICATON

    Communication is the sending of a message from a source to a


    receiver with the least possible loss of meaning.

    THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS

    The speaker sends a message that is in


    some kind of code. The listener
    decodes the message and responds,
    thereby giving the speaker feedback.
    THE COMMUNUICATION PROCESS

    Idea: The message to be communicated by the sender is


    identified.
    Encoding: The appropriate words and symbols required to effectively
    communicate the message are identified

    Channel: The appropriate channel(s) of communication transmission-


    written, verbal, or nonverbal-is(are) identified.

    Receiving: The receiver reads, hears, or sees the message.

    Decoding: The receiver tries to understand the message.

    Action: Receiver acts on the message (either on the basis of an


    understanding of the message as intended, or a misunderstanding).
    What is Cross Cultural Communication?
    • The field of cross-cultural communication is a study
    that evaluates how people from different cultural
    backgrounds attempt to communicate.

    • Cross-Cultural Communication is a necessary


    ingredient in cross-national understanding -
    understanding people from different cultural
    backgrounds.
    Why Cross Culture
    Communication is important ?

    Globalization: Cross border movement of people, goods and data brings


    more and more cultures into contact with one another and increases the
    potential of cross culture communication.

    ◦ Business Opportunities
    ◦ Job Opportunities
    ◦ Improves the contribution of employees in a diverse workforce
    ◦ Sharing of views and ideas
    ◦ Talent improvisation
    ◦ An understanding of diverse market
    How Cultural Differences affect
    Communication?

    Two major kinds of cultural differences affect communication:

    1.Differences in body positions & movements:


    • Body positions & movements differ among culture
    • Ways of speaking differ among culture
    • Hand gestures differ among cultures

    2.Attitudes towards factors of relationships:


    • Time
    • Space
    • Frankness
    • Values
    • Emotions
    • Intimacy of relationships
    Spots in Cross Cultural Communication 

    • Opening and closing conversations


    • Taking turns during conversations
    • Interrupting
    • Use of silence
    • Appropriate topics of conversations
    • Use of humor
    • Knowing how much to say
    • Sequencing elements during conversation
    Reason for cultural differences
    Reason For Common Cultural
    Differences

    Geographic
    Age
    Region

    Physical
    THE INDIVIDUAL
    Nationality
    Differences

    Race/Ethnic Group Sexual Orientation


    Four Fundamental Patterns of Cultural
    Difference
    What is different?

    1. Communication Styles
    2. Attitudes toward conflicts
    3. Decision making style
    4. Approaches to knowing

    What is hidden below the surface?


    1. Beliefs
    2. Values
    3. Expectations
    4. Attitudes
    Common Cultural Differences

    • Perception of Time and Space

    • Fate and Personal Responsibility

    • Importance of Face

    • Nonverbal Communication
    Perception of Time and Space

    Time

    • Monochromic(west)
    • Polychromic(East)

    Space -- differences in comfortable


    distance between people
    Fate and Personal Responsibility

    Extent to which we feel ourselves


    to be the masters of our lives

    Extent to which we see ourselves


    as subject to things outside our
    control
    Face and Face-Saving

    Face is the standing a person has in


    the eyes of others

    The importance of “face” and


    face-saving varies across cultures

    • Some cultures value “face” more


    than their own well-being

    • Other cultures do not care about


    face all that much
    CODES USED IN COMMUNICATION
    Verbal Communication
     Words
     Voice
    Non-Verbal Communication
     Gestures
     Postures
     Facial Expressions
     Eye Contact
     Vocal Characteristics
     Personal Appearance
     Touch
    Nonverbal Communication

    Low-context cultures -- place relatively less


    emphasis on nonverbal cues. Meaning is encoded
    in the verbal
    code, words are trusted

    High-context cultures -- place relatively more


    emphasis on nonverbal cues, meaning is gleaned
    from the
    physical, social, and psychological contexts.
    Case In Point : Eye Contact

    In some cultures, looking people in the eye is assumed to indicate honesty and
    straightforwardness; in others it is seen as challenging and rude.
    In USA, the cheapest, most effective way to connect with people is to look
    them into the eye.
    "Most people in Arab culture share a great deal of eye contact and may regard too
    little as disrespectful.
    In English culture, a certain amount of eye contact is required, but too much makes
    many people uncomfortable.
    In South Asian and many other cultures direct eye contact is generally regarded as
    aggressive and rude.
    Case in Point : Gesture
    Gestures

    •A motion of the hands, head or body to emphasize an idea


    or emotion.

    How can a Gestures distort the message………………..

    Perfect! OK! Zero! Rubbish!


    Worthless!
    USA=OK JAPAN=MONEY

    RUSSIA=ZERO BRAZIL=INSULT
    How can the same Gestures be treated differently in different
    cultures
    Gestures – Around the World

    Western - “Do you have a telephone ?”


    Brazil - “Cuckold (Your wife is cheating to you)”
    USA - “Sign for the Texas Long Horns”
    High Context and Low Context Cultures

    High Context Culture:- Cultures that rely heavily on non-verbal


    and subtle situational cues in communication.

    Low Context Culture:- Cultures that rely heavily on words to


    convey meaning in communication.
    Things To Remember While Interacting And Connecting With
    People
    Business Attire
    Selecting and Presenting Business Gifts
    • Unwrapping gifts

    Saudi Arabia - Gifts are opened in private.


    USA - Gifts are opened in public
    •Appreciated Gifts

    Indonesia - Gifts, such as tokens memento of your country or


    your company logo
    Turkey - Wine or liquor if you are sure your hosts drink alcohol,
    Candy, pastries & Roses, Glassware, such as a vase, goblet, or decanter make
    prized gifts
    • Gifts to avoid

    UAE - Alcohol / perfumes containing alcohol and pork and pigskin


    products to be avoided
    China - Do not give anything in sets of four or gifts that carry the
    association of death, funerals such as clocks, cut flowers, white
    objects.
    How do you do it?

    • The handshake should be firm.

    • While shaking hands establish eye contact and

    always smile
    • The person who initiates the handshake is the

    one who closes it.


    In Business Organizations…
    How Cultural Differences Can
    Impact Teams ?
    Team members may differ in:
    • Their perceptions of the team’s objectives
    • How they view leadership
    • Their work habits
    • Their manner of interacting with members of the
    opposite sex
    • Their level of formality with other team members
    • Their willingness to socialize with other team
    members
    • Their use of nonverbal communication
    • Their rules for conversation
    Cross- cultural communication Barriers

    1. Language
    2. Non-verbal communication
    3. Assuming similarity instead of difference
    4. Stereotypes and prejudice
    5. Barriers caused by ascent differences.
    6. Barriers caused by differences among
    perceptions.
    Overcoming these Barriers

    • Listen carefully and, if in doubt, ask for confirmation.


    • Strive for clarity
    • Check for understanding
    • Encourage questions
    • Observe Non verbal gestures carefully
    • Develop communication flexibility; learn to tolerate
    ambiguity
    • Accenting and intonation can cause meaning to vary
    • Explain jargon and idiomatic expressions
    • Suspend judgments
    Tips for a Good Cross
    Cultural Communication
    1. Speak Coherently
    2. Understanding Culture
    3. Be Aware of Poor Communicators
    4. Do Not Judge
    5. Get Feedback
    6. Avoid Expressions
    7. Be Knowledgeable of A Cultures Nonverbal
    Communication
    8. Seek Help
    9. Use of Humor
    10. Learn From Other Cultures
    TEN Pre-cautions in Cultural
    Communication
    1. Slow Down
    2. Separate Questions
    3. Avoid Negative Questions
    4. Take Turns
    5. Write it down
    6. Be Supportive
    7. Check Meanings
    8. Avoid Slangs
    9. Watch the humour
    10. Maintain Etiquette
    Finally……..3 R’s of culture-

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