Modern Pentathlon: Prepared By: Char Mae D. Santiago

MODERN
PENTATHLON
PREPARED BY: CHAR MAE D. SANTIAGO
MODERN PENTATHLON
Modern Pentathlon is an Olympic sport that
comprises five different events; fencing (one-touch
épée), swimming (200m freestyle), equestrian show
jumping (15 jumps), and a final combined event,
now referred to as the Laser-Run. The event is
inspired by the traditional pentathlon held during
the ancient Olympics; as the original events were
patterned on the skills needed by an ideal Greek
soldier of the era, the modern pentathlon is
similarly patterned on events representing the skills
needed by cavalry behind enemy lines.
MODERN PENTATHLON
Originally the competition took place over four or
five days; in 1996 a one-day format was adopted in
an effort to be more audience-friendly. On February
11, 2013 in Lausanne, the IOC confirmed modern
pentathlon once again as one of the 25 core sports
of the Olympic program through to 2020. The
governing body, Union Internationale de
Pentathlon Moderne(UIPM), administers the
international sport in more than 90 countries in all
the continents of the world.
HISTORY
Baron Pierre de
Coubertin, the
founder of
the modern Olympic
Games, claimed
authorship.
Viktor Balck, the

President of the
Organizing Committee
for the 1912 Games.
The name derives from the
Greek péntathlon "contest of five
events“. The addition of modern to the
name distinguishes it from the original
pentathlon of the ancient Olympic
Games, which consisted of
the stadion foot race, wrestling, long
jump, javelin, and discus.
Gösta Lilliehöök,
a Swedish athlete
who won at the
1912 Olympic
Games.
The modern pentathlon has been on the

Olympic program continuously since 1912. A
team event was added to the Olympic
Games in 1952 and discontinued in 1992.
Prof. Peter Wilhelm Henze, the
President of the German Modern
Pentathlon Federation, women were
for the first time admitted on a trial
basis at the World Championships in
San Antonio in 1977, and at the
official world championships in 1981.
An event for women was added in
2000. A World Championship is held
every year.
COMPETITION
FORMAT
Athletes gain points for their performance
in each event and scores are combined to
give the overall total. This is similar to the
procedure for the decathlon in track and
field athletics. However, in the Modern
Pentathlon, starting times for the last
event are staggered so that the first person
to cross the finish line is the winner.
Before the last event competitors are
ranked according to their score from the
other disciplines and given start times
accordingly, with the leader going first,
and other starting times being
dependent on the number of points
already scored. The first person to cross
the finish line, therefore, will be the
overall points leader and win the
pentathlon.
This method of finishing the
competition would also eventually find
use in winter events; the Gundersen
method details a means by which a
similar finish is achieved in the Nordic
combined.
•The fencing discipline uses the épée.
The competition is a round-robin.
The swimming
discipline is a
200 m freestyle race.
Until the 2000
Olympics, the
distance was 300
metres. Competitors
are seeded in heats
according to their
fastest time over the
distance.
• The riding discipline involves show
jumping over a 350–450 m course with 12
to 15 obstacles.
The shooting discipline involved using a 4.5 mm air pistol in the
standing position from 10 meters distance at a stationary target. The
format was that of the 10 meter air pistol competition: each
competitor had 20 shots, with 40 seconds allowed for each shot.
• The running discipline involved a 3 km cross-country race
until 2009 when it combined with the shooting event.
From the start of the 2013 season, the laser-run has
changed again to consist of four 800m laps each prefaced
by laser shooting at five targets.
•The laser-run is similar to
the biathlon at the Winter Olympic
Games, which combines cross-
country skiing with rifle shooting.
However, whereas biathletes carry
their rifles while skiing,
pentathletes do not carry their
pistols while running.
RULES
RULES FOR FENCING
The players can’t possess an epee having a
curve more than 1 cm. Any touch after the
command "Allez" (“Play”) or before "Halte"
(“Halt”) of the sport is valid whereas the player
can’t stop in the middle of the sport to ask
about the remaining time which may result in
penalty. In case if a player doesn’t start the
bonus round, the opponent player move on to
fight with the next pentathlete.
RULES FOR SWIMMING
During the swimming stage, athletes are
permitted to swim underwater for the first
15 meters, but after this point must keep
some of their body above the surface.
Athletes must touch the wall when they
reach the end of the pool and turn back, and
cannot obstruct an opponent in any way
during a race.
RULES FOR SHOW
JUMPING
Athletes must show respect, courtesy and
professionalism during the show jumping
stage of the Modern Pentathlon. The horse
must follow directions, timing, and stay
within the competition court, and if there is
any evidence of poor treatment toward the
animal, the athlete is promptly disqualified.
RULES FOR SHOOTING AND
CROSS COUNTRY RUNNING
During the combination event at the end

of the Modern Pentathlon, athletes must
wait until the minimum shooting time is over
at the pistol stage before they can begin
running again. Athletes found to be
obstructing opponents in any way will risk
being disqualified from the entire event.
EQUIPMENT
FENCING EQUIPMENT
• Protective Clothing
• The protective clothing that are
used in fencing are Jacket, Gloves,
Sous-Plastron, Mask, Breeches or
Knickers, chest protector, fencing shoes and
sleeve. Most protective equipment in fencing is
made up of tough cotton or nylon. Kevlar is also
used for making jacket, breeches, underarm
protector, lame and the bib of the mask.
Jacket
A small gorge of folded fabric is sewn in around the collar to prevent an
opponent's blade from slipping under the mask and along the jacket upwards
towards the neck. Fencing instructors may wear a heavier jacket, such as one
reinforced by plastic foam, to deflect the frequent hits an instructor endures.
Plastron
A plastron is an underarm protector worn underneath the jacket. It provides
double protection on the side of the sword arm and upper arm.
Glove
The sword hand is protected by a glove with a gauntlet that prevents blades
from going up the sleeve and causing injury. The glove also improves grip.
Breeches
Breeches or knickers are short trousers that end just below the knee. The
breeches are required to have 10 cm of overlap with the jacket. Most are equipped
with suspenders (braces).
Shoes
Fencing shoes have flat soles, and are reinforced on the inside for the back
foot, and in the heel for the front foot. The reinforcement prevents wear from
lunging.
Mask
The fencing mask has a bib that protects the neck. The mask should support
12 kilograms (26 lb) on the metal mesh and 350 newtons (79 lbf) of penetration
resistance on the bib. FIE regulations dictate that masks must withstand 25
kilograms (55 lb) on the mesh and 1,600 newtons (360 lbf) on the bib.
Chest protector
A chest protector, made of plastic, is worn by female fencers and,
sometimes, by boys. Fencing instructors also wear them, as they are hit far
more often during training than their students. In foil fencing, the hard surface
of a chest protector decreases the likelihood that a hit registers.
Sleeve
An instructor or master may wear a protective sleeve or a leg leather to
protect their fencing arm or leg, respectively.
EQUIPMENT FOR SWIMMING
• The equipment for the
swimming stage in Modern
Pentathlon is fairly basic.
Along with light, aerodynamic
swimsuits, athletes will often also wear goggles
to protect their eyes and improve their vision
while under water. Caps may also be worn to
prevent hair from being caught in their eyes
during the race and trunks offer an added layer
of protection for the groin area.
SHOW JUMPING EQUIPMENT
• For the show jumping
event, the athlete will
need to effectively utilize
different types of horse
controlling equipment
in order to dictate the movements of the animal.
This equipment is known as “horse tack” and
includes the saddle, stirrups, halters, reins and the
martingale.
Saddles
Saddles are seats for the rider, fastened to the horse's back by
means of a girth (English-style riding), known as a cinch in the
Western US, a wide strap that goes around the horse at a point
about four inches behind the forelegs.
Stirrups
Are supports for the rider's feet that hang down on either side of
the saddle. They provide greater stability for the rider but can have
safety concerns due to the potential for a rider's feet to get stuck in
them.
Halter
A halter (US) or headcollar (UK) (occasionally headstall) consists of a
noseband and headstall that buckles around the horse's head and
allows the horse to be led or tied.
Reins
Reins consist of leather straps or rope attached to the outer ends of

a bit and extend to the rider's or driver's hands. Reins are the means
by which a horse rider or driver communicates directional
commands to the horse's head. Pulling on the reins can be used to
steer or stop the horse. The sides of a horse's mouth are sensitive,
so pulling on the reins pulls the bit, which then pulls the horse's
head from side to side, which is how the horse is controlled.
Martingale
A martingale is a piece of equipment that keeps a horse from raising

its head too high. Various styles can be used as a control measure, to
prevent the horse from avoiding rider commands by raising its head
out of position; or as a safety measure to keep the horse from
tossing its head high or hard enough to smack its rider in the face.
PISTOL SHOOTING EQUIPMENT
• Earlier, players were
asked to choose a pistol of
their choice for the shooting
sport. Those pistols were
single shot pistols, multi barrelled pistols, revolvers,
semi-automatic pistols and machine pistols.
Presently, in case of combined event, laser pistol
has replaced the traditional pistols. These pistols
have made the shooting event faster than before.
CROSS COUNTRY RUN
EQUIPMENT
• Cross Country Running
has very little specialized
equipment. Most races
are performed in shorts,
vests and shoes. The most common footwear
is cross-country spikes. These are light-weight
shoes with rubber soles and five spikes
screwed at the foot end of the sole for better
grip.

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MODERN

Viktor Balck, the

The modern pentathlon has been on the

During the combination event at the end

Reins consist of leather straps or rope attached to the outer ends of

A martingale is a piece of equipment that keeps a horse from raising

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