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    Airway and Ventilatory Management in The Trauma Patient

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    drmahir
    This document discusses airway and ventilatory management in trauma patients. It outlines the objectives of identifying when airway compromise is likely, recognizing signs of obstruction, and establishing a patent airway. Early preventable deaths from airway problems often result from failure to recognize issues or properly place/maintain an airway. Signs of airway obstruction or inadequate ventilation are described. Techniques for airway maintenance include chin lift, jaw thrust, oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal airways. A definitive airway requires an endotracheal or tracheostomy tube connected to assisted ventilation and secured in place.

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    Airway and Ventilatory Management in The Trauma Patient

    Uploaded by

    drmahir
    133 views15 pages
    This document discusses airway and ventilatory management in trauma patients. It outlines the objectives of identifying when airway compromise is likely, recognizing signs of obstruction, and establishing a patent airway. Early preventable deaths from airway problems often result from failure to recognize issues or properly place/maintain an airway. Signs of airway obstruction or inadequate ventilation are described. Techniques for airway maintenance include chin lift, jaw thrust, oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal airways. A definitive airway requires an endotracheal or tracheostomy tube connected to assisted ventilation and secured in place.

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    Airway

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    This document discusses airway and ventilatory management in trauma patients. It outlines the objectives of identifying when airway compromise is likely, recognizing signs of obstruction, and establishing a patent airway. Early preventable deaths from airway problems often result from failure to recognize issues or properly place/maintain an airway. Signs of airway obstruction or inadequate ventilation are described. Techniques for airway maintenance include chin lift, jaw thrust, oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal airways. A definitive airway requires an endotracheal or tracheostomy tube connected to assisted ventilation and secured in place.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    133 views15 pages

    Airway and Ventilatory Management in The Trauma Patient

    Uploaded by

    drmahir
    This document discusses airway and ventilatory management in trauma patients. It outlines the objectives of identifying when airway compromise is likely, recognizing signs of obstruction, and establishing a patent airway. Early preventable deaths from airway problems often result from failure to recognize issues or properly place/maintain an airway. Signs of airway obstruction or inadequate ventilation are described. Techniques for airway maintenance include chin lift, jaw thrust, oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal airways. A definitive airway requires an endotracheal or tracheostomy tube connected to assisted ventilation and secured in place.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    Airway and Ventilatory

    Management in the
    Trauma Patient
    Objectives:
    Identify the clinical settings in which the airway
    compromise is likely to occur.
    Recognize the sign and symptoms of acute airway
    obstruction.
    Describe the technique to establish & maintain a
    patent airway & confirm the adequacy of ventilation &
    oxygenation.
    Define the term “definitive airway” .
    Introduction:
    Early preventable deaths from airway problems after
    trauma often result from:
    1) Failure to recognize the need for an airway.
    2) Inability to establish an airway.
    3) Failure to recognize an incorrectly placed airway.
    4) Displacement of a previously established airway.
    5) Failure to recognize the need for ventilation.
    6) Aspiration of gastric contents.
    Airway
    Problem Recognition:
    • Airway compromise may be sudden & complete,
    insidious & partial & progressive &/or recurrent.
    Therefore, assessment & frequent reassessment of
    airway patency & adequacy of ventilation are
    important.
    • Vomiting should be anticipated in all injured patients.
    • Patients with maxillofacial, neck, and laryngeal
    trauma are of great risk of airway compromise.
    • Unconscious patient due to head injury or patient with
    thoracic injury are of risk of ventilatory compromise.
    Objective Signs of Airway Obstruction:

    Agitated Hypoxia

    Look Cyanosis hypoxemia

    Retraction & the Use of


    accessory muscle of ventilation
    snoring

    Noisy breathing gurgling

    Listen
    Crowing sounds
    Hoarseness
    (stridor)

    Position of
    Feel the trachea
    Ventilation:
    An unobstructed airway is not likely to benefit the
    patient unless the patient also is ventilating
    adequately.
    Ventilation is compromised by airway obstruction but
    also by altered ventilation mechanics or CNS
    depression.
    Objective signs of Inadequate ventilation:
    LOOK for symmetrical rise & fall of the chest &
    adequate chest wall excursion.

    LISTEN for movement of air on both side of the chest.

    Use Pulse Oximeter


    Management:
    The assessment of airway patency and adequacy must
    be done quickly & accurately.
    Pulse oximeter is essensial.
    Cervical spine injuries should be anticipated &spinal
    cord should be protected until the possibility of spinal
    injuries is excluded.
    Supplemental oxygen should be provided before and
    immediately after airway management measures are
    instituted.
    A. Airway Maintenance Techniques:
    1) Chin Lift
    The fingers of one hand are placed under the
    mandible, which gently lifted upward to bring the
    chin anterior.
    The thumb of the same hand lightly depresses the
    lower lip to open the mouth
    2) Jaw Thrust
    Grasp the angles of the lower jaw, one hand on each
    side, and displace the mandible forward.
    3) Oropharyngeal airway
    this device must not be used in the conscious
    patient.
    4) Nasopharyngeal Airway
    it always preferred to the oropharyngeal airway in the
    responsive patient because it is better tolerated and
    less likely to induce vomiting.
    Definitive Airway
    A definitive airway require a tube present in the
    trachea with cuff inflated, the tube connected to some
    form of oxygen-enriched assisted ventilation, and the
    airway secured in place with a tape.
    Types:
    a. Orotracheal tube
    b. Nasotracheal tube
    c. Surgical airway (cricothyroidotomy or tracheostomy)
    Indication
    1. Presence of apnea.
    2. Inability to maintain a patent airway by other means.
    3. Need to protect airway from aspiration of blood or
    vomitus.
    4. Impending or potential compromise of the airway.
    5. Presence of closed head injury requiringassisted
    ventilation ( GCS score < 8).
    6. Inability to maintain adequate ventilation by face-
    mask oxygen supplementation .

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