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    Grade 10-African Instruments

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    Atriu Forteza
    Africa is a large and diverse continent with many musical styles and cultures across its countries and regions. Traditional African music is often communal, with singing, dancing, and instruments being integral parts of daily life and ceremonies, and styles being passed down orally rather than through written notation. Drums are very important instruments in African music, with styles varying across regions but typically involving a lead drummer cueing and directing other percussionists.

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    Grade 10-African Instruments

    Uploaded by

    Atriu Forteza
    260 views23 pages
    Africa is a large and diverse continent with many musical styles and cultures across its countries and regions. Traditional African music is often communal, with singing, dancing, and instruments being integral parts of daily life and ceremonies, and styles being passed down orally rather than through written notation. Drums are very important instruments in African music, with styles varying across regions but typically involving a lead drummer cueing and directing other percussionists.

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    grade 10

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    Africa is a large and diverse continent with many musical styles and cultures across its countries and regions. Traditional African music is often communal, with singing, dancing, and instruments being integral parts of daily life and ceremonies, and styles being passed down orally rather than through written notation. Drums are very important instruments in African music, with styles varying across regions but typically involving a lead drummer cueing and directing other percussionists.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    260 views23 pages

    Grade 10-African Instruments

    Uploaded by

    Atriu Forteza
    Africa is a large and diverse continent with many musical styles and cultures across its countries and regions. Traditional African music is often communal, with singing, dancing, and instruments being integral parts of daily life and ceremonies, and styles being passed down orally rather than through written notation. Drums are very important instruments in African music, with styles varying across regions but typically involving a lead drummer cueing and directing other percussionists.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 23

    Africa

    Africa is a very large and


    diverse continent with
    many musical styles and
    cultures across its different
    countries and regions.
    African Music
     Part of everyday activities- everyone joins in
    clapping, singing and dancing to the music.
     Part of rites and ceremonies where it is
    performed by specialist master drummers
    and court musicians
     Not normally written down but passed on
    through oral tradition
     Traditional African music has influenced
    contemporary styles such as blues, gospel
    and jazz.
    African Drums

     The bigger the drum the lower the note


     Played at using hands or sticks or both
    Djembe
     Pronouced ‘Zhem-bay’.
     It is shaped like a large
    goblet and played with bare
    hands. The body is carved
    from a hollowed trunk and is
    covered in goat skin.
     It dates back to the 12th
    century Mali Empire of West
    Africa.
    Talking Drums

     Imitate the rhythms and


    intonations of speech
     The drums can be used to
    imitate speech patterns or
    as signals to make
    announcements or
    warnings.
     The pitch of the note is
    changed by squeezing or
    releasing the drum’s
    strings with the arm.
    Sakara
     Sakara is a hand held drum played with
    a light stick
    Doumbek
     Played with the fingers.
     Dum is the bass tone
    played with your right
    hand in the middle of
    the drum
     Tek is a high ringing
    sound played with your
    right hand
     Ka is the same sound as
    tek, but played with
    your left hand
    Gonkogui

     Like an agogo bell. Played with a stick.


    Yenca, Shekere, Toke
     Yenca and Shekere is like a maraca shaker.
     Yenca has a sponge plug which can be removed to
    change the seeds for different sizes, to give a different
    sound.
     Shekere can be hit at the top of the ball to create a deeper
    tone.
     Toke or a banana bell is played by striking it with a metal
    rod.
    Kora

     A 12-stringed harp-lute
    Xalam
     A plucked lute, very much like the banjo
    Non- Percussion
     Flute, Whistles, Oboes and trumpets
     Materials from bamboo, reed, wood, clay,
    bones, animal horns or wood.
    Categories

     Drumming
     Choral song (tribal music)
     Instrumental music (xylophone, mbira
    and kora)
    Drumming
     Oral tradition- no music notation
     The master drummer stands in the centre of the ensemble
    and is responsible for directing the whole performance.
     He will be surrounded by other drummers and percussion
    instruments.
     The master drummer will signal to the other players when he
    is ready to start, often with a vocal cry followed by a short
    rhythmic solo to set the mood or tempo of the music.
     This is called a cue and the other players will then come in
    together to play the response.
     the response could be an exact copy or even a different
    rhythm entirely.
    Structures in Drumming
     Cueing will happen throughout the music and
    creates a structure of contrasted sections.
     The music is essentially a series of variations on
    rhythmic patterns.
     Master drummer can signal individual players
    for a solo. This again will be a variation or
    development of the original rhythmic pattern.
     A steady continuous beat, called the ‘timeline’,
    is often played by the master drummer.
     The music will usually increase in tension as
    the piece progresses, and the tempo and
    dynamics will vary from section to section
    to provide interest and variety in the music.
    It is the responsibility of the master drummer
    to control the changes and make sure that
    the music never becomes monotonous or
    dull.
    Choral
     Music serves as a link to the spirit world.
     Call and response
     Melodies are usually short and simple, repeated XX
     Melodies are usually in a scale of 4-7 tones
     These melodies can be changed at will by other singers-
    format into theme and variations
     Polyphony- performers improvise new melodies while
    others continue the original melody.
     Texture- singers coming in a different points in a
    continuous cycle.
     Harmony- in unison or parallel 4th, 5th, or 8ve. Others
    harmonize in 3rds or 4ths
    Features of African
    Instrumental Music
     Repetition
     Ostinato/repeated rhythm, melody or chord
    pattern
     Improvisation
     Cyclic structures
     Polyphonic textures
     Intertwining melodies
    Listening-Induna Indaba,
    Chopi people of
    Mozambique
     What other instruments, apart from the
    xylophones, can you hear?
     What is the main musical features in the
    music played by the xylophones?
     Describe the tempo and mood of this music
     How many different sizes of xylophone are in
    the ensemble?

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