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    Signed and Unsigned Numbers

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    nithyananthank
    This document discusses signed and unsigned numbers in binary representation. It introduces binary digits (bits) and how they are used to represent numbers in binary. Positive numbers from 0 to 2^32-1 are represented as unsigned numbers. To represent negative numbers as well, computers use two's complement representation, where the most significant bit indicates the sign and the remaining bits represent the magnitude. In two's complement, the patterns from 00...00 to 01...11 represent positive numbers, while 10...00 represents the most negative number and counts down to 11...11 representing -1.

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    Signed and Unsigned Numbers

    Uploaded by

    nithyananthank
    605 views10 pages
    This document discusses signed and unsigned numbers in binary representation. It introduces binary digits (bits) and how they are used to represent numbers in binary. Positive numbers from 0 to 2^32-1 are represented as unsigned numbers. To represent negative numbers as well, computers use two's complement representation, where the most significant bit indicates the sign and the remaining bits represent the magnitude. In two's complement, the patterns from 00...00 to 01...11 represent positive numbers, while 10...00 represents the most negative number and counts down to 11...11 representing -1.

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    Signed and unsigned numbers operation

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    This document discusses signed and unsigned numbers in binary representation. It introduces binary digits (bits) and how they are used to represent numbers in binary. Positive numbers from 0 to 2^32-1 are represented as unsigned numbers. To represent negative numbers as well, computers use two's complement representation, where the most significant bit indicates the sign and the remaining bits represent the magnitude. In two's complement, the patterns from 00...00 to 01...11 represent positive numbers, while 10...00 represents the most negative number and counts down to 11...11 representing -1.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    605 views10 pages

    Signed and Unsigned Numbers

    Uploaded by

    nithyananthank
    This document discusses signed and unsigned numbers in binary representation. It introduces binary digits (bits) and how they are used to represent numbers in binary. Positive numbers from 0 to 2^32-1 are represented as unsigned numbers. To represent negative numbers as well, computers use two's complement representation, where the most significant bit indicates the sign and the remaining bits represent the magnitude. In two's complement, the patterns from 00...00 to 01...11 represent positive numbers, while 10...00 represents the most negative number and counts down to 11...11 representing -1.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    SIGNED AND

    UNSIGNED
    NUMBERS
    Prepared by
    K.NITHYANANTHAN
     binary digit Also called binary bit. One of the two numbers in base 2, 0 or 1, that are the
    components of information.
     Generalizing the point, in any number base, the value of i th digit d is

    d ×𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑖
    For example,
    1011 2
    represents
    (1 x 23 ) + (0 x 22 ) + (1 x 21 ) + (1 x 20 )ten
    = (1 x 8) + (0 x 4) + (1 x 2) + (1 x 1)ten
    = 8 + 0 + 2 + 1ten
    = 11ten
    The drawing below shows the numbering of bits within a MIPS word and the placement of the
    number 1011two:

    least significant bit –The rightmost bit in a MIPS word.


    most significant bit –The left most bit in a MIPS word.

     The MIPS word is 32 bits long, so we can represent 232 different 32-bit patterns.
     It is natural to let these combinations represent the numbers from 0 to 232 −1
    (4,294,967,295ten):
    That is, 32-bit binary numbers can be represented in terms of the bit value times a power of 2 (here xi
    means the ith bit of x):

    these positive numbers are called unsigned numbers.

     Computer programs calculate both positive and negative numbers, so we need a representation
    that distinguishes the positive from the negative.

    solution is to add a separate sign, which conveniently can be represented in a single bit;
    the name for this representation is sign and magnitude.
    sign and magnitude representation has several shortcomings
     To the right? To the left ? Early computers tried both.
     adders for sign and magnitude may need an extra step to set the sign because we can’t
    know in advance what the proper sign will be.
     separate sign bit means that sign and magnitude has both a positive and a negative zero,
    which can lead to problems for inattentive programmers.
    the representation that made the hardware simple: leading 0s mean positive, and leading 1s mean
    negative. This convention for representing signed binary numbers is called two’s complement
    representation:
     The positive half of the numbers, from 0 to 2,147,483,647ten (231 −1), use the same
    representation as before.
     The following bit pattern (1000 . . . 0000two) represents the most negative number
    2,147,483,648ten ( −231 ). It is followed by a declining set of negative numbers:
    2,147,483,647ten (1000 . . . 0001two) down to -1ten (1111 . . . 1111two).
     Two’s complement representation has the advantage that all negative numbers have a 1 in
    the most significant bit.
     Consequently, hardware needs to test only this bit to see if a number is positive or negative
    (with the number 0 considered positive). This bit is often called the sign bit.
     By recognizing the role of the sign bit, we can represent positive and negative 32-bit
    numbers in terms of the bit value times a power of 2:
    Binary to Decimal Conversion
    What is the decimal value of this 32-bit two’s complement number?

    1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1100two

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