Summary Writing: Subtitle

SUMMARY WRITING
Subtitle
WHAT IS A SUMMARY?
 A summary involves shortening a long text for its MAIN IDEAS AND DETAILS.
 A summary is NOT retelling a story, an abstract, a review or an analysis.
 A summary should be like an umbrella, designed to cover the subject and

nothing beyond the subject.
Difference between PARAPHRASING, SUMMARIZING & INTERPRETATIVE
CRITIQUE
An interpretative
A paraphrase A summary
critique
• Attempts to express • An abridgement • Evaluates some or all
the same ideas of a expressing the main issues raised in the
text in different words ideas of a text passage text
and phrases • A brief statement of • Offers new critical
• Restating in your own main ideas in own perspectives related to
words what the writer words some or all ideas in the
has written • Shorter than the original text
• May be longer than original text • Introduces information
the original text outside the original
text
In summary writing, you are required to display your ability to:
 Understand the requirements of the task

 Identify relevant information
 Synthesise information in a logical manner
 Paraphrase information
 Use correct grammar and appropriate language
 Use correct mechanics
THE SUMMARY WRITING PROCESS
Read with the writer’s purpose • Read the text carefully

• After you have finished, write down one sentence about the issue / main point
in mind • Look for the writer’s thesis statement
Underline with summarising in • Read the article again for a better understanding of the text
• As you read, underline the major details that support the thesis statement
mind • Underline the transition elements which show how parts are linked
• Write the main idea of the text

Draft your summary • Omit less important details and strive for overall coherence
• Use appropriate transitions
• Be concise
• Be accurate
Revise your summary • Check that your summary makes the same point as the original text
• Have you omitted any important points?
• Does your summary read smoothly with all the points tied clearly?
• Correct grammar, spelling and punctuation errors

Edit your summary • Write a clean draft and proofread for any errors
TECHNIQUES IN SUMMARY WRITING
Leave out irrelevant
Study the task information, examples,
Read the passage
Take note of the closely to find out repetitions,
to get a general illustrations, figurative
time given which aspects
idea language and direct
need summarising speech
Write your first Read your first

Organise your Use linking words
draft in your own draft and do not
main points in a to connect main
words as far as exceed the word
logical manner points
possible limit
Check your
Proofread your Write out your
Delete any relevant summary again for
summary for any summary in one
ideas a smooth flow of
grammatical errors paragraph
ideas
STRATEGIES IN SUMMARY WRITING
Find main points!
Main points are usually found at the beginning or the end of a paragraph.
*Do not write in point form.
Identify the main points
in the following
paragraphs.
TEST YOURSELVES!
Example 1:
Encik Khaidir works in a residential development company in

Subang. His job requires him to attend regular meetings with
residents to sort out any complaints or grouses. He also needs
to ensure that the shared compounds are well-kept and the lifts
are in working condition.
Example 1:
Encik Khaidir works in a residential development company in

Subang. His job requires him to attend regular meetings with
residents to sort out any complaints or grouses. He also needs
to ensure that the shared compounds are well-kept and the lifts
are in working condition.
Example 2:
Mariessa started to feel queasy and she clutched her churning stomach.
Beads of cols sweat began to trickle down her forehead as she ran to
the nearest washroom in the shopping mall. The minute she reached
the washroom, she vomited and felt weak. Suddenly, images of the
new restaurant floated in her vision. The flies, the dirty floor, the
unkempt waiting staff: it dawned upon Mariessa that she was suffering
from food poisoning.
Example 2:
Mariessa started to feel queasy and she clutched her churning stomach.
Beads of cols sweat began to trickle down her forehead as she ran to the
nearest washroom in the shopping mall. The minute she reached the
washroom, she vomited and felt weak. Suddenly, images of the new
restaurant floated in her vision. The flies, the dirty floor, the unkempt
waiting staff: it dawned upon Mariessa that she was suffering from food
poisoning.
STRATEGIES IN SUMMARY WRITING (cont.)
Replace phrases with one word.
Find one word to replace a group of words to express ideas

concisely.
Let’s try these!
. . . in a careless way carelessly
. . . had nowhere to live . . . homeless
. . . find a solution to . . . solve

Leave out unnecessary words
Remove unnecessary words which are repetition of ideas.

The crowd of people pushed and shoved their way into the cinema.
The crowd pushed their way into the cinema.

Use appropriate linking words

Purpose Examples
Addition Furthermore, Moreover, Besides, In Addition
Comparison Likewise, Similarly, Also, As Same As, Compared to
Contrast However, Otherwise, Conversely, Nonetheless, Instead
Result Therefore, Accordingly, Hence, In order that, Because of
Time Eventually, Simultaneously, Initially, Finally, Afterwards
Further Explanation On top of that, In spite of, Up to a point, Apart from, Next, Then,
Conclude In conclusion, In a nut shell, Overall, Thus, To sum up
Remember the word limit

Write ten words in one line to avoid wasting time
counting and recounting the number of words as you write.
HELPFUL HINTS
DO’S DON’TS
Read the title of stimuli or passage X Be influenced by own views or opinion
Take note of the source X Spend too much time on one question
Underline the main ideas or keywords X Worry too much about the time given
Take note of linking words X Be misled by partial true statements
Use a variety of sentence structure
Write within the word limit.

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SUMMARY WRITING

 A summary is NOT retelling a story, an abstract, a review or an analysis.

 A summary should be like an umbrella, designed to cover the subject and

 Understand the requirements of the task

Read with the writer’s purpose • Read the text carefully

• Write the main idea of the text

• Correct grammar, spelling and punctuation errors

Write your first Read your first

Find main points!

Encik Khaidir works in a residential development company in

Encik Khaidir works in a residential development company in

Replace phrases with one word.

Find one word to replace a group of words to express ideas

. . . in a careless way carelessly

. . . had nowhere to live . . . homeless

. . . find a solution to . . . solve

Leave out unnecessary words

Remove unnecessary words which are repetition of ideas.

The crowd pushed their way into the cinema.

Use appropriate linking words

Remember the word limit

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