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Constructing Formal Proof Using The 19 Rules of Inference

1. The document discusses constructing formal proofs using 19 rules of inference. It provides examples of proofs of validity and invalidity using truth tables. 2. It explains how to prove an argument invalid by displaying a truth table where the premises are all true but the conclusion is false. 3. One example proves the argument "If the governor favors public housing, then she is in favor of restricting the scope of private enterprise. If the governor were a socialist, then she would be in favor of restricting the scope of private enterprise. Therefore if the governor favors public housing, then she is a socialist." is invalid using a truth table.

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Adri Miller
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74 views16 pages

Constructing Formal Proof Using The 19 Rules of Inference

1. The document discusses constructing formal proofs using 19 rules of inference. It provides examples of proofs of validity and invalidity using truth tables. 2. It explains how to prove an argument invalid by displaying a truth table where the premises are all true but the conclusion is false. 3. One example proves the argument "If the governor favors public housing, then she is in favor of restricting the scope of private enterprise. If the governor were a socialist, then she would be in favor of restricting the scope of private enterprise. Therefore if the governor favors public housing, then she is a socialist." is invalid using a truth table.

Uploaded by

Adri Miller
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CONSTRUCTING FORMAL

PROOF USING THE 19 RULES OF


INFERENCE
2, Trans.
3, D.N
1,4, H.S.

1, Com.
3, Exp.

4, 2, H.S.
2, Dist.
3, Com.
4, Simp.
5, Taut.
1, Assoc.
7,6, D.S.

8, Impl.
2. ~A v ~A 1, Impl.
3. ~A. 2, Taut.

2. (C • D) • B. 1, Com.
3. C • (D • B) 2, Assoc.
Conditional

Disjunction

Taut.
Obtain negation

M.T

M.P.

=
NEGATION

M.P
3, Add.

4, De M.

1, 5, M.T.

6, De M.

7, Simp.

2, 8, M.P.

9, Impl.

10, Taut.
Q. E. D.
PROOF OF INVALIDITY
If the governor favors public housing, then she is in
favor of restricting the scope of private enterprise.
If the governor were a socialist, then she would be
in favor of restricting the scope of private
enterprise.
Therefore if the governor favors public housing,
then she is a socialist.
conditional is false only if its
antecedent is true and its
True
consequent false
because a conditional is
= false true whenever its
consequent is true
True False
PROOF OF INVALIDITY
If the governor favors public housing, then she is in favor of
restricting the scope of private enterprise.
If the governor were a socialist, then she would be in favor of
restricting the scope of private enterprise.
Therefore if the governor favors public housing, then she is a
socialist.
True
True
premises
False
False conclusion

INVALID
An argument is proved invalid by
displaying at least one row of its
truth table in which all its premises
are true but its conclusion is false.
True

False False

~G is true if and only if G is


false
FALSE
premises of an Thus, we have proven that the
argument of this argument is invalid. When A, B,
form are all true but C, and E are true and D, F, and G
its conclusion is false are false, the premises are true
and the conclusion false.
INCONSISTENCY

• Any argument whose premises


are inconsistent must be valid.
Today is Sunday.
Today is not Sunday.
Therefore the moon is made
of green cheese.

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