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    Furnace Design

    Uploaded by

    Ali Raza
    This document provides information about an industrial energy systems course and the design of furnaces. It includes details about the course instructor, recommended textbooks, and an overview of furnace types and basic construction. Heat transfer mechanisms in furnaces like radiation and convection are described. Common furnace design methods like Lobo and Evan's method are outlined. An example application of the Lobo and Evan's method is provided to design the radiant section of a furnace given specific parameters like duty, efficiency, fuel properties, tube dimensions, and desired flux.

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    Furnace Design

    Uploaded by

    Ali Raza
    521 views19 pages
    This document provides information about an industrial energy systems course and the design of furnaces. It includes details about the course instructor, recommended textbooks, and an overview of furnace types and basic construction. Heat transfer mechanisms in furnaces like radiation and convection are described. Common furnace design methods like Lobo and Evan's method are outlined. An example application of the Lobo and Evan's method is provided to design the radiant section of a furnace given specific parameters like duty, efficiency, fuel properties, tube dimensions, and desired flux.

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    Furnace design

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    This document provides information about an industrial energy systems course and the design of furnaces. It includes details about the course instructor, recommended textbooks, and an overview of furnace types and basic construction. Heat transfer mechanisms in furnaces like radiation and convection are described. Common furnace design methods like Lobo and Evan's method are outlined. An example application of the Lobo and Evan's method is provided to design the radiant section of a furnace given specific parameters like duty, efficiency, fuel properties, tube dimensions, and desired flux.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    521 views19 pages

    Furnace Design

    Uploaded by

    Ali Raza
    This document provides information about an industrial energy systems course and the design of furnaces. It includes details about the course instructor, recommended textbooks, and an overview of furnace types and basic construction. Heat transfer mechanisms in furnaces like radiation and convection are described. Common furnace design methods like Lobo and Evan's method are outlined. An example application of the Lobo and Evan's method is provided to design the radiant section of a furnace given specific parameters like duty, efficiency, fuel properties, tube dimensions, and desired flux.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    At a glance
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    The document discusses furnace design and construction as well as heat transfer mechanisms and design methods for furnaces.

    Some recommended books mentioned are 'Process Heat Transfer' by Donald Q. Kern, 'Chemical Engineering' by Coulson & Ricardsons, and 'Plant Design & Economics for Chemical Engineers' by Max S. Peters & Klaud D. Timmerhaus.

    The main heat transfer mechanisms in furnaces are radiation, which accounts for 50-70% of heat transfer, and convection. Radiation occurs between the combustion gases and tube walls.

    Industrial Energy Systems

    CHE 472

    Dr. Asim Khan


    Assistant Professor
    Email: alaeeqkhan@ciitlahore.edu.pk
    Design of Furnaces
    Recommended Books
    Recommended books
    1. “Process Heat Transfer” by Donald Q. Kern,
    McGraw-Hill edition 1997.

    2. “Chemical Engineering” by Coulson & Ricardsons,


    6th Edition, Elsevier.

    3. “Plant Design & Economics for Chemical


    Engineers”by Max S. Peters & Klaud D.
    TimmerhausMcGraw Hills International Editions

    4. “Unit Operations of chemical Engineering” by


    MeCabe Warren L., Smith Julian C., Harriott peter 7th
    Ed., 2005, McGraw Hill Inc.
    3
    Furnaces/Fired Heaters
     Fired directly by fuel (Oil, Gas, Coke)
     Application based on requirements (High flow
    rates, high temperatures)
     Capacity: 3 – 10 MW
     High thermal efficiency (Scarcity of fuel)
     Applications
     Process feed stream heaters
     Refineries (Atmospheric and vacuum distillation,
    thermal cracking, high temperature gas processing)
     Steam boilers
     Direct fired reactors
    4
     Reformers
    5
    Basic Construction of Furnaces
    Shield tubes
    (combination
    - Flue gas re-circulation of
    - Pre-heated oil convection &
    Before passing in radiation
    radiant section,
    heated and then
    maintained at high
    temp in convection.

    6
    Heat transfer in Furnaces
     Radiation: Major mechanism (50-70%)
     Stefan-Boltzman Equation:
    𝑞𝑟 = 𝜎 𝑇 4

     Heat transfer between combustion gases and tube walls:

    7
    Emissivity of combustion gases
     Diatomic gases having low emissivites
     H2O, CO2, SO2 having good emissivities
     Total radiation of combustion products:
     Temperature of gas
     No. of radiating molecules (volume of gas and conc.)

     Emissivity: (P * L)
     Product of partial pressure of gas and mean beam
    length (Average depth of the blanket of flue gas in all
    directions)

    8
    Design methods for Furnaces
     Lobo and Evan’s method
     Involves the use of overall exchange factor and Stefan-
    Boltzmann equation
     Application in refineries
     Wilson, Lobo and Hottel method
     Used when accuracy is not desired
     Preliminary estimate method
     Orrok-Hudson method
     Used for estimation of changes in the firing rate and
    air/fuel ratio
     Wohlenburg method
     Only used for coal-fired furnaces

    9
    Lobo and Evan’s method

    Taking into account the heat transferred by convection:

    10
    Lobo and Evan’s method

    Total heat balance

    Efficiency of furnace:

    11
    Example of Lobo & Evan Method
     A furnace is to be designed for a total duty of 50,000,000
    Btu/hr. The overall efficiency is to be 75%. Oil fuel with a
    lower heating value of 17,130 Btu/lb is to be fired with
    25% excess air (corresponding to 17.44 lb air/lb fuel),
    and the air pre-heated to 400 deg F. Steam for atomizing
    the fuel is 0.3 lb/lb of oil. The furnace tubes are to be 5
    in. OD on 8 ½ in centers, in a single-row arrangement.
    The exposed tube length is to be 38’6’’. The average
    tube temperature in the radiant section is estimated to be
    800 deg F.

    Design the radiant section of the furnace having a radiation


    section average flux of 12,000 Btu/hr-ft2.
    12
    Parameters Specifications

    Total duty 50,000,000 Btu/hr


    Efficiency of 75 %
    furnace
    Heating value of 17,130 Btu/lb
    fuel
    Excess air (Pre- 25 % (17.44 lb air/lb of fuel)
    heated to 400 deg
    F)
    Steam for 0.3 lb/lb of fuel
    atomization
    Furnace tubes Do Centers arrangement Exposed Length
    5 inch 8.5 in Single row 38’6”
    Average tube 800 deg F
    temp. in the
    radiant section
    Average flux in 12,000 Btu/hr-ft2
    the radiant section 13
    14
    15
    Acp = No. of tubes * exposed length * center to center spacing

    16
    17
    18
    19

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