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    Rhythm & Pitch

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    bwaylovex3
    This document provides an overview of key concepts related to rhythm and pitch in music. It defines important terms like beat, meter, tempo, scale, interval, sharp, and flat. It explains rhythmic concepts such as simple and compound meter, syncopation, and hemiola. Regarding pitch, it distinguishes between half steps and whole steps, diatonic and chromatic scales, and octaves. It also discusses how these elements of rhythm and pitch are used to construct Western music.

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    Rhythm & Pitch

    Uploaded by

    bwaylovex3
    231 views34 pages
    This document provides an overview of key concepts related to rhythm and pitch in music. It defines important terms like beat, meter, tempo, scale, interval, sharp, and flat. It explains rhythmic concepts such as simple and compound meter, syncopation, and hemiola. Regarding pitch, it distinguishes between half steps and whole steps, diatonic and chromatic scales, and octaves. It also discusses how these elements of rhythm and pitch are used to construct Western music.

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    2. Rhythm & Pitch

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    This document provides an overview of key concepts related to rhythm and pitch in music. It defines important terms like beat, meter, tempo, scale, interval, sharp, and flat. It explains rhythmic concepts such as simple and compound meter, syncopation, and hemiola. Regarding pitch, it distinguishes between half steps and whole steps, diatonic and chromatic scales, and octaves. It also discusses how these elements of rhythm and pitch are used to construct Western music.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    231 views34 pages

    Rhythm & Pitch

    Uploaded by

    bwaylovex3
    This document provides an overview of key concepts related to rhythm and pitch in music. It defines important terms like beat, meter, tempo, scale, interval, sharp, and flat. It explains rhythmic concepts such as simple and compound meter, syncopation, and hemiola. Regarding pitch, it distinguishes between half steps and whole steps, diatonic and chromatic scales, and octaves. It also discusses how these elements of rhythm and pitch are used to construct Western music.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 34

    Music 48

    Rhythm and Pitch


    Key Terms (Rhythm and
    Tempo)
    • rhythm • compound meter
    • beat • syncopation
    • accent • tempo
    • meter • metronome marks
    • measure (bar) • tempo indications
    • bar lines • fermata
    • simple meter
    Questions
    1. How is my experience of time
    different as I listened to each
    excerpt?
    2. What makes the passage of time
    feel different in each excerpt?
    3. Which excerpt feels longer?
    Rhythm

    • rhythm = relationship between


    sounds in time
    • “a rhythm” = arrangement of longer
    and shorter sounds and silences
    Time Concepts
    in Western Music
    • beat
    – regular background pulse
    • accent
    – extra emphasis on a beat
    – regular, irregular, or no accents
    • meter
    – regular, recurring pattern of accented and
    unaccented (strong and weak) beats
    Meter

    • simple meters
    • compound meter
    • irregular meters
    • no meter (nonmetrical)
    Simple Meters

    • duple meter
    ONE two | ONE two | ONE two |
    • triple meter
    ONE two three | ONE two three |
    Compound Meter

    • two or more beats per measure


    • quick, triple subdivision of beats
    ONE-and-a two-and-a | ONE-and-a two-and-a |
    • “Row, row, row your boat…”
    Rhythm vs. Meter

    • meter as background; rhythm as


    foreground
    • meter the yardstick; rhythm the
    object being measured
    Rhythm

    • can coincide with meter  strongly


    metrical
    • can play with meter  syncopation
    • can contradict meter  implying
    the “wrong” meter or becoming
    nonmetrical
    Syncopation
    • displaces accents
    – accents on weak beats
    • one TWO | one TWO | one TWO|

    • plays with meter


    Hemiola

    a type of syncopation in which two


    groups of three beats are replaced
    by three groups of two beats, giving
    the effect of a shift between triple
    and duple meter
    Hemiola
    Tempo
    • the speed of music
    • the rate at which beats follow one
    another
    • metronome marks: exact
    60 = 1 beat/sec. 120 = 2 beats/sec.
    • tempo indications: approximate;
    can express mood
    Common Tempo Indications

    adagio or largo slow


    andante slow, but not too slow
    moderato moderate
    allegro fast
    presto very fast
    Tempo Changes

    accelerando gradually faster


    ritardando gradually slower
    più lento slower
    più allegro faster
    fermata hold of indefinite length
    a tempo at the main tempo
    Key Terms (Pitch)

    • pitch • chromatic scale


    • scale • half step
    • interval • whole step
    • octave • flat
    • diatonic scale • sharp
    Aspects of Pitch

    • definite or indefinite
    • high or low
    • scale: a pool of definite pitches
    • interval: the distance between any
    two notes
    Octave

    • “eight span”
    • higher note seems to duplicate
    lower note
    • smooth blend of sound comes from
    overtone series
    Step

    • usually the distance between


    adjacent notes of a scale
    • suggests a ladder of discrete
    pitches
    • scale steps: specific notes of a
    scale (do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, ti, do)
    Half Step (Semitone)

    • the smallest interval


    • the distance between two adjacent
    notes of the chromatic scale
    • the distance between two adjacent
    notes on the keyboard
    Whole Step

    • the most common interval in


    diatonic scales
    • equals two consecutive half steps
    Scales

    • fixed collections of pitches used to


    construct music
    • diatonic scales
    • chromatic scales
    • other scales (modern and world
    music)
    Diatonic Scales
    • contain seven pitches
    • octave (eighth note of scale)
    repeats the starting pitch
    • contains 5 whole steps and 2 half
    steps
    • examples: major scales, minor
    scales, church modes
    Diatonic Scale
    Chromatic Scale

    • contains 12 pitches
    • consists entirely of half steps
    • requires sharps or flats
    Chromatic Scale
    Sharps and Flats

    • flat lowers a note by a half step


    • sharp raises a note by a half step
    Diatonic vs. Chromatic
    Scales and Instruments

    • Western instruments are designed to


    play scales
    • some can bend pitches
    – a little: flute, clarinet, saxophone, guitar
    – a lot: voice, trombone, violin, cello,
    timpani
    – musicians learn to play in tune
    Listening

    • chromatic scale
    • diatonic scale
    • Non-Western scales
    Help on the Web with
    Music Theory & Musical Terms

    Teoria: Online Music Theory Reference:


    http://www.teoria.com/tutorials/index.htm

    Solomon’s Glossary of
    Technical Musical Terms:
    http://www.solomonsmusic.net/glossary.h
    tm

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