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    Artificial Seeds

    Uploaded by

    saais
    This document discusses artificial seeds, which encapsulate plant propagules like shoot buds or somatic embryos in a hydrogel matrix. This allows propagation of plants that do not produce viable seeds and has advantages for storage, handling, and planting. Somatic embryos produced through tissue culture are ideal for artificial seeds. The most common matrix is alginate hydrogel, which gels when mixed with electrolytes. Nutrients, growth regulators, pesticides and fungicides can be added to support growth. The production process involves establishing somatic embryogenesis, encapsulation, addition of an artificial endosperm, and greenhouse/field planting. Artificial seeds can be stored for up to six months while maintaining viability.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Artificial Seeds

    Uploaded by

    saais
    159 views8 pages
    This document discusses artificial seeds, which encapsulate plant propagules like shoot buds or somatic embryos in a hydrogel matrix. This allows propagation of plants that do not produce viable seeds and has advantages for storage, handling, and planting. Somatic embryos produced through tissue culture are ideal for artificial seeds. The most common matrix is alginate hydrogel, which gels when mixed with electrolytes. Nutrients, growth regulators, pesticides and fungicides can be added to support growth. The production process involves establishing somatic embryogenesis, encapsulation, addition of an artificial endosperm, and greenhouse/field planting. Artificial seeds can be stored for up to six months while maintaining viability.

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    This document discusses artificial seeds, which encapsulate plant propagules like shoot buds or somatic embryos in a hydrogel matrix. This allows propagation of plants that do not produce viable seeds and has advantages for storage, handling, and planting. Somatic embryos produced through tissue culture are ideal for artificial seeds. The most common matrix is alginate hydrogel, which gels when mixed with electrolytes. Nutrients, growth regulators, pesticides and fungicides can be added to support growth. The production process involves establishing somatic embryogenesis, encapsulation, addition of an artificial endosperm, and greenhouse/field planting. Artificial seeds can be stored for up to six months while maintaining viability.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    159 views8 pages

    Artificial Seeds

    Uploaded by

    saais
    This document discusses artificial seeds, which encapsulate plant propagules like shoot buds or somatic embryos in a hydrogel matrix. This allows propagation of plants that do not produce viable seeds and has advantages for storage, handling, and planting. Somatic embryos produced through tissue culture are ideal for artificial seeds. The most common matrix is alginate hydrogel, which gels when mixed with electrolytes. Nutrients, growth regulators, pesticides and fungicides can be added to support growth. The production process involves establishing somatic embryogenesis, encapsulation, addition of an artificial endosperm, and greenhouse/field planting. Artificial seeds can be stored for up to six months while maintaining viability.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 8

    Artificial seeds

    Dr. Manisha Thapliyal


    Artificial Plant Seed Production

    Artificial seeds were first introduced in the 1970s as a novel


    analogue to the plant seeds. The production of artificial seeds
    is especially useful for the plants which do not produce viable
    seeds. It represents a method to propagate these plants.
    Artificial seeds are small sized and this provides further
    advantages in storage, handling shipping and planting.

    Artificial seeds can be produced by encapsulating a plant


    propagule in a matrix which will allow it to grow into a plant.
    Plant propagules may consist of shoot buds or somatic
    embryos that have been grown aseptically in tissue culture. In
    culture these plant propagules can easily grow into individual
    plants as we have the capacity to control its growth using
    chemicals provided in the culture media.
    In the production of artificial seeds, an artificial endosperm
    can be created within the encapsulation matrix. The
    encapsulation matrix is a hydrogel made of natural extracts
    from seaweeds (agar or alginate), plants (arabic or
    tragacanth), Seed gums (guar, locust bean gum or tamarind)
    or microorganisms (dextran, gellan or xanthan gum). These
    compounds will gel when mixed with or dropped into an
    appropriate electrolyte (CuSO4, CaCl2, NH4Cl). Ionic bonds
    are formed to produce stable compounds. Useful nutrients,
    plant growth regulators, pesticide and fungicide can be
    supplied to the plant propagule within the encapsulation
    matrix.
    Somatic embryos
    Somatic embryos are bipolar structures with both apical and
    basal meristematic regions, which are capable of producing
    shoot and root respectively.A plant derived from somatic
    embryo is sometimes referred to as an ‘embling’.
    One prerequisite for the application of the synthetic seed
    technology in the micropropagation is the production of high-
    quality, vigorous somatic embryos that can produce plants
    with the frequencies comparable to natural seeds. Inability to
    recover such embryos is often a major limitation in the
    development of synthetic seeds.
    Alginate hydrogel is frequently selected as a matrix for synthetic seed
    because of its moderate viscosity, low toxicity for somatic embryos and quick
    gellation, low cost and biocompatibility characteristics.
    Procedure for production of synthetic seeds
    Establish somatic embryogenesis
    Mature somatic embryos
    Mass production of somatic embryos
    Standardization of encapsulations
    Standardization of artificial endosperm
    Mass production of synthetic seeds
    Greenhouse and field planting.

    Addition of nutrients and growth regulators to the encapsulation


    matrix results in increase in efficiency of germination and viability
    of encapsulated somatic embryos.
    Making artificial seeds

    Shoot buds cut from shoot


    cultures are cut into 2-3 mm
    size and placed in
    encapsulation matrix

    Somatic embryos formed


    from cultured plant parts
    are ideal for artificial seed
    production
    Using a sterile 10 ml
    pippette the shoot
    bud/somatic embryo is
    drawn up with some
    encapsulation matrix

    Artificial/synthetic seeds
    Capsule of artificial seeds are collected by decanting off the
    solution and rinsed in water
    Artificial seeds should be
    - pliable enough to cushion and protect embryo
    - yet allow germination and growth of shoot bud or embryo
    - rigid enough to withstand rough handling during
    manufacture, transportation and planting.
    Incorporation of activated charcoal improves conversion and
    vigour of encapsulated somatic embryos as it breaks up the
    alginate and increases respiration of the embryos
    Synthetic seeds can be stored for a longer period of even upto
    six months without loosing viability, especially when stored at
    40C

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