Basic Computer Network: Jonel G. Lambayan

Basic Computer
Network
JONEL G. LAMBAYAN
Bandwidth
 Data rate measured in bits (not bytes) per

seconds
 Kbps (Kilobits per seconds)
 125 chars/sec
 Mbps (Megabits per seconds)
 1,250 chars/sec
 Gbps (Gigabits per seconds)
 12,500 chars/sec
Home Network (single machine)
Wall Jack
DSL/Cable
Modem
USB/Ethernet
Cable
Home Network (multiple machines)
Wall Jack
DSL/Cable
Hub/Switch/Router
Modem
USB/Ethernet
Cable
Home Network (multiple machines)
Wall Jack
Ethernet Cable
DSL/Cable
Hub/Switch/Router
Modem
Home Wireless Network
Wall Jack
Ethernet Cable
DSL/Cable
Hub/Switch/Router
Modem
Connection Types
 LAN
 WLAN
LAN (Local Area Network)
 A network of computers that are in the same

physical location, such as home or building
 Usually connected using Ethernet
 A standard on how computers communicate over
a shared media (cable)
Old: BNC connector for coaxial cable New: RJ45 for twisted pair cable
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:BNC_connector.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Ethernet_RJ45_connector_p1160054.jpg
WLAN (Wireless LAN)
 Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity)

 A wireless technology that connects computers without
cables
 Access Point (AP)
 A device (base station) that connects wireless devices
together
 Usually connected to a wired-network
 ESSID (Extended Service Set ID)
 A “name” for the AP, eg. mobilenet
 Hotspot
 The area covered by wireless access points
Hub/Switch/Router
 To connect multiple segments of networks

into a larger one
 Hub
 A multiport repeater to enhance signal within the
same LAN
 Switch
 Like hub but with intelligent
 Better performance
 Router
 Forward packets from one LAN to another
Intranet vs. Internet
 Intranet
 A private network that is contained within an
enterprise
 Could be LANs and WANs
 Internet
 A public network of networks
 Both are using TCP/IP
TCP/IP
 A family of protocols that makes the Internet

works
 The Robustness Principle
 “Be liberal in what you accept, and conservative in
what you send” - Jon Postel
Packets
 A small chunk of data transmitted over the

Internet
Alice Bob
The
Internet
Host & IP Address
 Correction from the book:

 “A host is a computer connected directly to the
Internet”
“You home computer is not a host”
 Each host needs an IP address
 IP address
 A 32-bit number, arranged in 4 numbers
seperated by “.”
 Eg. 74.125.19.147
DNS (Domain Name System)
 Domain name to IP address conversion
 Eg. www.google.com → ??.???.??.??
 Domain name or IP address lookup
 http://cqcounter.com/whois/
Top-level Domains
 generic
 .com, .edu, .net, .org, .gov,
 country code
 .au, .us, .ph,
Network Cabling
Common network cable types
 Coaxial cable
 Unshielded
twisted pair
 Fiber optic
UTP characteristics
 Unshielded
 Twisted (why?) pairs
of insulated
conductors
 Covered by
insulating sheath
UTP categories
Category 1 Voice only (Telephone)
Category 2 Data to 4 Mbps (Localtalk)
Category 3 Data to 10Mbps (Ethernet)
Category 4 Data to 20Mbps (Token ring)

Category 5 Data to 100Mbps (Fast Ethernet)
Category 5e Data to 1000Mbps (Gigabit Ethernet)
Category 6 Data to 2500Mbps (Gigabit Ethernet)
Cat5e cable
 1000Mbps data capacity

 For runs of up to 90 meters
 Solid core cable ideal for structural
installations (PVC or Plenum)
 Stranded cable ideal for patch cables
 Terminated with RJ-45 connectors
RJ45 connector
Making connections - Tools
 Cat5e cable
 RJ45 connectors
 Cable stripper
 Scissors
 Crimping tool
Making connections - Steps
1. Strip cable end

2. Untwist wire ends
3. Arrange wires
4. Trim wires to size
5. Attach connector
6. Check
7. Crimp
8. Test
Step 1 – Strip cable end
 Strip 1 – 1½” of insulating sheath

 Avoid cutting into conductor insulation
Step 2 – Untwist wire ends
 Sort wires by insulation colors

Step 3 – Arrange wires
 TIA/EIA 568A: GW-G OW-Bl BlW-O BrW-Br

 TIA/EIA 568B: OW-O GW-Bl BlW-G BrW-Br
Step 4 – Trim wires to size
 Trim all wires evenly
 Leave about ½” of wires exposed
Step 5 – Attach connector
 Maintain wire order,

left-to-right, with RJ45
tab facing downward
Step 6 - Check
 Do all wires extend to end?
 Is sheath well inside connector?
Step 7 - Crimp
 Squeeze firmly to crimp connecter

onto cable end (8P)
Step 8 – Test
 Does the cable work?
Your computer’s
network adapter
connects to a port
on a switch.
When you have a
connection to a
switch, there
should be a link
light on the
network adapter.
A link light is a small LED

that can be seen near
where the network cable
plugs into your computer.
Network Addressing
 Before your computer can communicate with

other computers on a network, it must have
an address. On your network, this address is
known as an “IP address.”
In order to view
your IP address on
a Windows XP or
Windows 2000
computer, you can
open a command
prompt window…
At the command prompt, type “ipconfig.”
Then, hit enter. Basic IP address
information will be displayed. Here, you
can see that my IP address is 10.3.0.218.
You can do a simple test to see if you’re connected to the network.
After using the “ipconfig” utility to see your IP address information,
note that you can also see an address for “Default Gateway.” In
this case, you can see that my default gateway is 10.3.0.1.
At the prompt, type “ping [gateway address]”. If you get a reply,
you’re connected.
Basic Troubleshooting
 Make sure that you are physically connected

to network , there is a network cable plugged
into your network adapter and look for a link
light.
 Verify that you have an IP address.
 Take note of which applications on your
computer are working, and which ones aren’t.
THANK YOU

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Basic Computer

 Data rate measured in bits (not bytes) per

 A network of computers that are in the same

 Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity)

 To connect multiple segments of networks

 A family of protocols that makes the Internet

 A small chunk of data transmitted over the

 Correction from the book:

Category 2 Data to 4 Mbps (Localtalk)

Category 3 Data to 10Mbps (Ethernet)

Category 4 Data to 20Mbps (Token ring)

 1000Mbps data capacity

1. Strip cable end

 Strip 1 – 1½” of insulating sheath

 Sort wires by insulation colors

 TIA/EIA 568A: GW-G OW-Bl BlW-O BrW-Br

 Maintain wire order,

 Squeeze firmly to crimp connecter

A link light is a small LED

 Before your computer can communicate with

 Make sure that you are physically connected

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