Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

INTRODUCTION

Consider how many things in our life turn or revolve.

Skate wheels, electric motors, car wheels, microwave turntables,

and many more….

The bearing makes many of today's machines a reality.

Without bearings, we would not be able to make precision items on a

massive scale and things would wear out quickly due to excessive
friction.
What is the purpose of a bearing?
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Purpose of Bearings

Bearings reduce friction.

This is done either by;

 using hard smooth balls or rollers,

 smooth inner and outer surface for the balls to roll against or,

 by introducing a low friction surface between the surfaces.

These balls or rollers "bear" any loads which they may be subjected to
thus allowing the bearing to rotate smoothly.
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Classification of bearings
• Rolling element bearings fall into two main
classifications:
Ball bearings Roller bearings
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• Ball bearings are classified according to

their bearing ring configurations:

Deep groove

Angular contact

Thrust types
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• Roller bearings are classified according to the

shape of the rollers:

Needle bearing

Spherical bearing

Cylindrical bearing
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Bearing

In order to get a good characteristics, bearing are made of:

1. Phosphor Bronze for heat resisting.

2. White metal for general load.

3. Lead Bronze.
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White metal bearing

Lead Bronze bearing

Phosphor
Bronze bearing
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• Rolling bearings can be further classified

according to the direction in which the load is
applied;
• Radial bearings carry radial load and thrust
bearing carry axial loads.

Radial bearing Thrust bearing

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How bearings 'bear' load

Ball bearings are typically capable
of dealing with two kinds of loading
condition;
Wheel rim
radial load
Radial Load
thrust load.
(weight of car)
Hub
Depending on the type of
Tapered roller
application the bearing is used in, it
bearings
may experience;

radial load only Thrust Load

(Cornering Forces)
thrust load only

combination of both.

A classic example being the car

wheel as shown in the figure.
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There are many type of bearing commonly used on aircraft such as: -

1. Plain Bearing
2. Ball Bearing
Single Row
Double Row
3. Roller Bearing
Taper Roller
Needle roller
Parallel Roller
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Plain Bearing
Compress load

Also called journal or sleeve bearings

Used to constrain, guide or reduce friction in rotary or linear applications.
These bearings don't roll like balls or rollers but slide.
They require proper lubrication to reduce friction and consequently wear
Characteristic of Plain Bearing
a. High journal load (radial)
b. Low rotational at low speed
c. No side thrust

Plain Bearing
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Ball Bearing
good rotation

Ball bearings consist of two hardened metal rings separated by a set number
of perfectly spherical steel balls spaced equilaterally with a bearing cage.

The balls run along concave grooves set into the rings placed one inside the
other.

There are two types of Ball Bearings:

a. Single row b. Double Row

1. Low journal load 1. Low journal load

2. Medium rotational 2. High rotational
3. No side thrust 3. No side thrust
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Outer race

Cage

Bore

Roller

Inner race
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Roller Bearing
Side thrust

There are three type of Roller Bearing:

A. Taper roller

Taper roller bearings have tapered inner and outer ring raceways.
The rollers are arranged in-between and are also tapered
proportionately.
It can carry:
1. Medium Journal (radial)
2. Medium Rotational
3. Side Thrust (sit square)
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Taper Roller
Bearings
Radial Tapered
Roller Bearing
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B. Needle roller

Needle roller bearings are roller bearings with cylindrical rollers which are thin and
long.
As per ISO the dimensions of roller length is 2.5 times the roller diameter or more.
Needle roller can carry;
1. Greater Journal 2. Medium Rotational 3. No Side Thrust

C. Parallel Roller

This type of roller are capable of carrying:

1. Medium journal
2. Medium Rotational
3. No side thrust
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Needle Roller Bearings

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Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

Journal load
(Radial)

Axial loads (Thrust)

Shaft

Ball bearing
Point contact normally used for
axial loads(thrust loads),
but will withstand light journal loads
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Roller bearing
Shaft Line contact used for journal loads will
not withstand axial loads

Tapered Roller bearing

Line contact, used for both journal and
axial loads .
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Bearing Life
• Bearing life L refers to the amount of time any
bearing will perform in a specified operation
before failure.

• The life which 90% of identical bearings

subjected to identical usage applications and
environments will attain before bearing material
fails from fatigue
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BEARING LIFE CYCLE

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• Many factors have a profound affect on the

actual life of the bearing. Some of the factors
are:
Temperature, lubrication and improper care in mounting,
resulting in:
1. Contamination
2. Misalignment and
3. Deformation
As result of these factors, an estimated 95% of
all failures are classified as premature bearing
failures.
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Bearing Load Zone

• When a bearing is supporting a radial load, the load
is distributed through only a portion of the bearing
(approx. 1/3) at any given time. This area supporting
the load is called the bearing load zone.