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    Arthropod

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    Vidhya
    Arthropods are a phylum of invertebrate animals characterized by their jointed limbs and hard exoskeleton made of chitin, segmented bodies, and diverse forms ranging from microscopic plankton to forms several meters in length. They have over a million described species making up over 80% of all described animal species and are one of two animal groups very successful in dry environments. Arthropods are classified into five subphyla - Trilobites, Chelicerates, Myriapods, Hexapods, and Crustaceans - based on characteristics like number of body segments and appendages.

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    Arthropod

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    Vidhya
    32 views15 pages
    Arthropods are a phylum of invertebrate animals characterized by their jointed limbs and hard exoskeleton made of chitin, segmented bodies, and diverse forms ranging from microscopic plankton to forms several meters in length. They have over a million described species making up over 80% of all described animal species and are one of two animal groups very successful in dry environments. Arthropods are classified into five subphyla - Trilobites, Chelicerates, Myriapods, Hexapods, and Crustaceans - based on characteristics like number of body segments and appendages.

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    Arthropods are a phylum of invertebrate animals characterized by their jointed limbs and hard exoskeleton made of chitin, segmented bodies, and diverse forms ranging from microscopic plankton to forms several meters in length. They have over a million described species making up over 80% of all described animal species and are one of two animal groups very successful in dry environments. Arthropods are classified into five subphyla - Trilobites, Chelicerates, Myriapods, Hexapods, and Crustaceans - based on characteristics like number of body segments and appendages.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    32 views15 pages

    Arthropod

    Uploaded by

    Vidhya
    Arthropods are a phylum of invertebrate animals characterized by their jointed limbs and hard exoskeleton made of chitin, segmented bodies, and diverse forms ranging from microscopic plankton to forms several meters in length. They have over a million described species making up over 80% of all described animal species and are one of two animal groups very successful in dry environments. Arthropods are classified into five subphyla - Trilobites, Chelicerates, Myriapods, Hexapods, and Crustaceans - based on characteristics like number of body segments and appendages.

    Copyright:

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    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 15

    By

    Vidhya Natarajan
    Contents

    • Introduction
    • Organs
    • Reproduction and development
    • Classification
    • An arthropod is an invertebrate animal
     having an exoskeleton (external skeleton
    ), a segmented body, and jointed 
    appendages.
    • Arthropods are members of the 
    phylum Arthropoda and include the 
    insects, arachnids, crustaceans, and
    others.
    • Arthropods are characterized by their jointed
    limbs and cuticles, which are mainly made of α-
    chitin; the cuticles of crustaceans are also 
    biomineralized with calcium.
    • The arthropod body plan consists of repeated 
    segments, each with a pair of appendages. It is
    so versatile that they have been compared to
    Swiss Army knives, and it has enabled them to
    become the most species-rich members of all 
    ecological guilds in most environments.
    • They have over a million described
    species, making up more than 80% of all
    described living animal species, and are
    one of only two animal groups that are
    very successful in dry environments – the
    other being the amniotes.
    • They range in size from microscopic 
    plankton up to forms a few meters long.
    Organs
    • Arthropods' primary internal cavity is a 
    hemocoel, which accommodates their
    internal organs and through which their 
    blood circulates; they have 
    open circulatory systems.
    • Their nervous system is "ladder-like", with
    paired ventral cords running through all
    segments and forming paired ganglia in
    each segment.
    • Their heads are formed by fusion of
    varying numbers of segments, and their 
    brains are formed by fusion of the ganglia
    of these segments and encircle the 
    esophagus.
    • The respiratory and excretory systems of
    arthropods vary, depending as much on
    their environment as on the subphylum to
    which they belong.
    Reproduction and Development
    • Arthropods' methods of reproduction and
    development are diverse; all terrestrial
    species use internal fertilization, but this is
    often by indirect transfer of the sperm via
    an appendage or the ground, rather than
    by direct injection.
    • Aquatic species use either internal or 
    external fertilization.
    • Almost all arthropods lay eggs, except for
    scorpions, who give birth to live young
    after the eggs have hatched inside the
    mother.
    • Arthropod hatchlings vary from miniature
    adults to grubs and caterpillars that lack
    jointed limbs and eventually undergo a
    total metamorphosis to produce the adult
    form.
    • Although arthropods contribute to human
    food supply both directly as food and more
    importantly as pollinators of crops, they
    also spread some of the most severe
    diseases and do considerable damage to 
    livestock and crops.
    Classification
    Euarthropods are typically classified into
    five subphyla, of which one is extinct:
    1. Trilobites are a group of formerly
    numerous marine animals that
    disappeared in the 
    Permian-Triassic extinction event.
    2. Chelicerates include spiders, mites, 
    scorpions and related organisms.
    3.Myriapods comprise millipedes,
    centipedes, and their relatives and have
    many body segments, each bearing one or
    two pairs of legs. They are sometimes
    grouped with the hexapods.
    4. Hexapods comprise insects and three
    small orders of insect-like animals with
    six thoracic legs.
    5. Crustaceans are primarily aquatic (a
    notable exception being woodlice) and
    are characterized by having
    biramous appendages. They
    include lobsters, crabs,
    barnacles, crayfish, shrimp and many
    others.
    Aside from these major groups, there
    are also a number of fossil forms, mostly
    from the Early Cambrian, which are
    difficult to place, either from lack of
    obvious affinity to any of the main groups
    or from clear affinity to several of them. 

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