Frankfinn Institute of Air Hostess Training- Jaipur

Aviation Assignment

Submitted By
Balwant Poonia
Upgradation in Airbus Profile
•Airbus A300/A310
•Airbus A320
•Airbus A330/A340
•Airbus A350
•Airbus A380
 Airbus A300/A310
 Advanced aerodynamically efficient flight controls
 The innovative 222-inches airbus fuselage cross section, which gives passengers
a more spacious comfortable cabin on a genuine twin aisle wide body jetliner.
 Structure made from metal– Reduced weight
 First airliner to be fitted with wind shear protection.
 Electrically controlled breaking system.
 Every first Business class passenger aboard the A300 & A310 has either a window
or aisle seat.
 The comfortable eight – abreast Economy Class cabin offers more space.
 Large overhead storage bins provide unequalled carry on baggage capacity.
 The cabin air system gives draught free air conditioning.
 An increased range provided by additional center & horizontal stabilizer fuel
tank.
 Also introduced wingtips fences to improve aerodynamic efficiency .
 A310-200C is a convertible version– seats can be removed & Cargo placed on the
main deck.
 A300/A310 technology & innovation
 In cockpit technology, Airbus also has become a leader as the result of
innovations introduced first on the A300/A310 Family. The A310 featured the first
cockpit ever certificated for a two-member flight crew on a large airliner, using
six cathode ray tube (CRT) displays on the instrument panel to replace
traditional dial-type instruments. Electrical signaling also was used initially on
the A310 for secondary flight control surfaces, preparing the way for Airbus'
subsequent application of digital fly-by-wire controls on the A320, A340 and
A380 Family aircraft.

Composites: The composites used on the A300-600/A310 lead to

considerable weight-saving, helping to reduce fuel-burn. A total of 6.2 tonnes/13,
700 lbs of composite material is used on the A310 (saving 1.4 t/3,100 lbs over
conventional metal structure) while the larger A300-600 has a total of 6.6
t/14,600 lbs (saving 1.5 t/3,300 lbs.). The number of parts in the composite
vertical tail plane on both aircraft is reduced by 95 per cent, excluding fasteners.
 A300/A310 flight deck

The A300-600 and A310 are equipped with the most advanced flight decks in
their jetliner category, which provided the foundation for cockpit advances used
by Airbus on the A320, A330/A340 and A380 Families.

The two-member flight crew concept was introduced to the airline industry
with the A300/A310, and it has since become a standard worldwide. The
cockpits incorporate six cathode ray tube (CRT) displays on the main panel –
replacing traditional dial-type indicators with electronic instruments that
continuously provide flight, navigation and systems-monitoring information in
a clear, comprehensive manner. The six identical displays show information
optimized for each flight phase, significantly reducing pilot workload. The CRTs
are physically identical and are fully interchangeable.

A further refinement offered by Airbus on the A300 and A310 is the optional
Aircraft Communication Addressing and Reporting System (ACARS), which
allows a crew to transmit maintenance and other messages to the ground using
a control display on the cockpit's centre pedestal. Also incorporated in the
A300-600 and A310 flight decks are a wind shear warning system and Category
IIIb auto land capability for operations in bad weather.
Cont…

 Systems monitoring: The A300/A310 flight deck incorporates the

Electronic Centralised Aircraft Monitor, which provides the pilots with
extensive aircraft systems information, reminder and warning displays
in pictorial and memo form at appropriate points throughout each
flight.
More wider & spacious seats in A310 with soften light
Wider cabin from back view A310
A300/A310 stowage bins provide unmatched capacity-up to eight cubic feet in first
class & 3.3 cubic feet in economy class.
 Airbus A320
 A320 incorporated advanced features including fly-by-wire control, composite
primary structure, centre of gravity control using fuel, glass cockpit & two
person flight deck.
 First class & Business class cabin can be outfitted in four & five abreast
seating.
 Six – abreast economy class accommodates the widest seat on a single aisle
airliner.
 Cabin crew can do their jobs more efficiently & provide better service with
galley 40% more working volume & 25% more galley volume.
 Large efficiently shaped overhead storage compartment on average 40%
longer, 20% higher & 20% deeper.
 Overheads has ability to accommodates an optional entertainment system
with deployable screens
 Air purification system:- Used catalytic converter that removes foul odours
from air before it is pumped in to the jetliners cabin
 The purification system filters toxic fumes & unpleasant smell to provide
passengers a fresh air
 A320 Technology and innovation
The A320 Family heralded a new era for single-aisle aircraft, introducing the latest technology and
innovation in a category of aircraft that had not seen true modernisation since the dawn of the jet
age.

Airbus pioneered the fly-by-wire concept with its A320 Family, and years of reliable service around
the world have proven its significant benefits through commonality, improved flight safety, reduced
pilot workload, a reduction of mechanical parts, and real-time monitoring of all aircraft systems.
The use of a digital cabin management system on all A320 Family aircraft makes the control of
interior lighting, temperature, audio/video and other systems quick and easy through a centralised
data system.

The A320's airframe incorporates the best in advanced design concepts, modern production
methods and new materials to ensure high structural reliability and easy maintainability. Improved
aluminum alloys increase structural life, while the extensive use of composite materials save weight
and reduce parts. ...

steep approaches: The A318 will be the first aircraft that Airbus is to certify for steep runway
approaches. Thanks to its fly-by-wire design and integrated digital avionics, only one button was
added to make the plane capable of implementing a highly accurate steep approach, which will
allow operators to serve airports constrained by noise restrictions, tall buildings or difficult terrain.
 A320 Flight Deck
 Six interchangeable liquid crystal displays (LCDs) on the main instrument
panel replace the multitude of dials and gauges on older-generation aircraft,
providing easy to assimilate information and ensuring a low workload for the
two-member crew. The fly-by-wire controls allow the pilot freedom within the
aircraft's operating envelope, which protects against over speeding, stalling and
maintaining operation well within the aircraft's structural limits. Side-stick
controllers eliminate the bulky centre-mounted control columns on other
aircraft, opening an unobstructed view of the instrument panel and providing
for the best use of fly-by-wire flight controls.
Cont…..

Instrument panel: Real-time flight and systems data are relayed to the
pilots on six identical and interchangeable liquid crystal displays. The
Electronic Flight Instrument System provides key flight information
including navigation displays, while the Electronic Centralised Aircraft
Monitor details engine instrumentation and warnings as well as
information about aircraft systems. These systems, along with the
LCDs, lead to lower spares costs, enhanced safety and reliability, and
less workload for the crew.
Overview Airbus A320
Seats in A320
Bar in A320
Dinner Table in Airbus A320
Galley of Airbus A320
 Airbus A330/A340
 A330/A340 are true wide body jetliner, using airbus 222- inches cross section
that has become the fuselage size of choice for airliners world wide.
 Provides full comfort in cabin ranging from size abreast first & business class
to an efficient nine abreast arrangement in economy class.
 In business class cabin 2-2-2 seating configuration with only window and aisle
seats
 The additional headroom available on A330 & A340 allows for unequalled
overhead storage, giving passengers more space to store their carry-on-bags.
 A340 incorporates high technology feature such as fully digital fly-by-wire
flight control system.
 The cockpit is also feature d CRT based glass cockpit display on the A340-200
& A340-300.
 New cabin design:- Wider & more comfortable flat bed seat in the first &
business class cabin. 26-35 inches wide seat that converts into 80 inch long
flat bed & which also integrate a baggage storage area under it
 A330/A340 technology & innovation
From nose to tail, the A330 and A340 incorporate the latest advances in Airbus technology
and innovation. Both aircraft are manufactured using the world's best commercial
production techniques, which include advanced composite materials and ultra-light
alloys that reduce aircraft weight, ease maintenance and increase airframe lifetime. The
optimised wing design ensures the best takeoff and landing performance in all
conditions, as well as high-efficiency flight at cruise speeds.

Airbus innovation is evident throughout the A330 and A340 passenger cabin as well.
Improvements in interior illumination – including the option for mood lighting –
provide the right ambience on even the longest flights. New overhead stowage bins
create additional room for carry-on luggage, which helps facilitate passenger boarding
and deplaning.

Even the area below the main cabin has been the focus of Airbus innovation. The
company is a pioneer in utilising lower deck space for options such as sleeper cabins,
passenger or crew rest areas and lavatories. ...composites: The ultra-long range A340-600
saw the first use of composites on crucial primary structures such as the rear pressure
bulkhead and the keel beam. Other components made from composites include the fin
and rudder, horizontal tail plane and wing trailing edge moving surfaces. The floor
panels in the passenger deck were also made from composites.
 A330/A340 flight deck
 The A330 and A340 benefit from the advanced Airbus cockpit design, which
receives high marks from the thousands of pilots who fly Airbus aircraft daily.
Flight decks on both aircraft types are nearly identical, with differences
limited primarily to the centre pedestal-mounted engine controls for the twin-
engine A330 and the four-engine A340.

At the heart of the cockpit is the fly-by-wire system pioneered by Airbus. Its
digital electronic flight controls improve handling and stability while reducing
pilot workload.

The A330/A340 side-sticks – which replace the traditional centre-mounted

control yokes used for decades on airliners – give optimum control inputs for
the fly-by-wire system and create an open, uncluttered cockpit environment
for the flight crew. As the same basic cockpit layout is used on the other Airbus
fly-by-wire jetliners, it is easy for pilots to transition from the A330/A340 to
the smaller A320 Family, and, in the future, to the 525-seat A380.
Cont…..

Avionics: The A330/A340 incorporates the most advanced

technology in avionics. These include data link communication through
VHF/satcom/HF; clearly separated communications and navigation
displays; and a range of other aids including Traffic alert Collision
Avoidance System, dual weather radar and the Enhanced Ground
Proximity Warning System.
Pictures from A340
26.35 inch wide seat that convert into an 80 inch long flat bed, which also
integrates a baggage stowage area under it.
Innovative development in interior illumination help to create the perfect ambience on
board the A330/340 family of aircraft. The sleeker contours of the cabin soften the light
More Wider Seats
Passenger Service Unit
Galley
 Airbus A350
 A350 XWB will be built on technologies developed for the airbus A380 & will have a
similar cockpit and fly-by-wire system layout.
 A cabin cross section of 220 inches / 5.58 mtrs from armrest.
 Fuselage will have a parallel cross section width from door -1 to door-4 to provide
maximum usable volume with wider aisles & widest seats.
 Seating in economy can be either eight abreast for high comfort & nine abreast for extra
high efficiency.
 Use of latest technologies results in enhanced air quality & cabin environment
regulation .
 Purity of cabin air is provided by gaseous filter & ozone/volatile organic compound
(VOC) converter.
 The composite frame will feature aluminium strips to ensure the electrical continuity
of the fuselage.
 New all composite wings with an area of 443 m2 .
 The new six screen configuration of cockpit will have two central display mounted one
above other & a single primary flight/navigation display with an on board information
system screen adjacent to it
Airbus Aircraft Families - A350 XWB Technology & Innovation
 The A350 XWB brings together the very latest in aerodynamics, design
and advanced technologies.
With an airframe made of more than 60 per cent new materials, chosen for
their superior weight and strength properties, the A350 XWB has the
most efficient structure in terms of design concept. In particular, its
innovative use of all-new Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastic (CFRP)
panelled fuselage skins cater for much easier maintenance and
reparability. This design also allows weight savings via optimum fibre lay-
up and skin thickness tailored to the requirements of the location
 The all-new composite wing design lifts the A350 XWB cruise speed to Mach 0.85
(the cruise speed of the A380). Excellent aerodynamics, together with advanced
high lift devices and advanced systems contribute to greater fuel economy in all
flight regimes and on the ground. Moreover, the new Rolls Royce Trent XWB
engine, producing up to 92,000lb of thrust, will draw on the latest manufacturing,
materials and thermodynamic expertise to deliver lower fuel burn and lower
maintenance costs while minimising the noise 'footprint' around airports and
reducing environmental impact.
Cont…
A350 XWB Flight Deck
 The A350 XWB is designed to give
exemplary reliability in service
with longer maintenance intervals
and customised maintenance
schedules to help provide airlines
with higher operating
productivity.

The A350 XWB Family represents

a 21st Century solution for an
aircraft in this size category.
 Pictures from A350 XWB

Cabin cross section of 220 inches /5.58 meters from armrest to armrest. The A 350 XWB cabin
is 5 inches / 12.7 cm wider, offering superior levels of spaciousness for passengers
 Pictures from A350 XWB

The use of latest technologies results in enhanced air quality 7 cabin environment regulation
Improved purity of cabin air is provided by gaseous filters & ozone/Volatile organic compound
(VOC) converters.
 Airbus A380
 The A380 is the first commercial airline with a central wing box made of carbon fiber
reinforced plastic.
 New material GLARE is used in the upper fuselage & on the stabilizer leading edge.
 A380 features an improved glass cockpit & fly by wire flight control linked to side
sticks.
 Also features wingtips fence similar to those found on the A310 & A320 to alleviate the
effect of wake turbulence, increasing fuel efficiency & performance.
 Large plasma screen can also display the internet line TV, Movies on board
presentation or the view from a landscape camera so passenger can see the world below
of stimulating day or night eases the stress of jet lag for long travel passenger.
 Window are also bigger, provides more natural light and a better view outside the
aircraft.
 Storage compartment provides more headroom & greater storage space.
 A built in wireless network will provide wireless broad band internet access from every
seat & able to use mobile phone to keep in touch during long flights.
 Noise level is lowest of any existing aircraft quiet enough to significantly reduced
fatigue.
 Lower fuel consumption
 Improved CO2 emissions per person kilometer.
 Flight deck
 Airbus used similar cockpit layout,
procedures and handling characteristics to
those of other Airbus aircraft, to reduce crew
training costs. Accordingly, the A380 features
an improved glass cockpit, and fly-by-wire
flight controls linked to side-sticks. The
improved cockpit displays feature eight 15-by-
20 cm (6-by-8-inch) liquid crystal displays, all
of which are physically identical and
interchangeable. These comprise two Primary
Flight Displays, two navigation displays, one
engine parameter display, one system display
and two Multi-Function Displays. These
MFDs are new with the A380, and provide an
easy-to-use interface to the flight
management system—replacing three
multifunction control and display units. They
include QWERTY keyboards and trackballs,
interfacing with a graphical "point-and-click"
display navigation system. One or two HUD
(Head Up Display) is optional.
 Pictures from A380

The new airbus cabin will feature the most advanced in-flight entertainment (IFE) system
& services , offering both relaxing & productive long range travel
 Pictures from A380

More Spacious seats

More wider windows

More entertainment
Conference Deck
Pictures from A380
Bar
 Lavatory

A380
Pictures from A380
 Glossary from A380

 A liquid crystal display (LCD)  Composite materials (or

is a thin, flat display device made composites for short) are
up of any number of color or engineered materials made from
monochrome pixels arrayed in two or more constituent materials
front of a light source or with significantly different
physical or chemical properties
reflector. It is often utilized in
and which remain separate and
battery-powered electronic
distinct on a macroscopic level
devices because it uses very
within the finished structure.
small amounts of electric power.
 Glass Cockpit Fly-by-wire Control
A glass cockpit is an aircraft cockpit that The words "Fly-by-Wire" imply an
features electronic instrument displays. electrically-signalled only control
Where a traditional cockpit relies on system. However, the term is
numerous mechanical gauges to display generally used in the sense of
information, a glass cockpit utilizes computer-configured controls, where
several computer displays that can be a computer system is interposed
adjusted to display flight information as between the operator and the final
needed. control actuators or surfaces. This
modifies the manual inputs of the
pilot in accordance with control
parameters. These are carefully
developed and validated in order to
produce maximum operational effect
without compromising safety.
The wingtip fences - arrow-shaped surfaces attached to the tip of
each wing - help the wing to be more efficient, saving fuel by reducing
drag - as well as reducing noise by improving take-off performance.
Standing some 2.4 m/7 ft 10 in tall, they will be the largest of their kind
in the world.

Braking: The Brake-to-Vacate system, designed by a multinational

Airbus team, will help ease airport congestion and reduce the amount of
time an aircraft remains on the runway. Enabling pilots to select a
runway exit while the aircraft is making its landing approach, Brake-to-
Vacate uses the auto-flight, flight controls, and auto-brake systems to
regulate deceleration after touchdown. This allows the aircraft to reach a
specified exit at the correct speed under optimum conditions. The
system will be offered as an option on all A380s by 2007, and will be
followed by retrofits available on all of other Airbus aircraft Families.
 Glass Cockpit Fly-by-wire Control
A glass cockpit is an aircraft cockpit that The words "Fly-by-Wire" imply an
electrically-signalled only control
features electronic instrument displays.
system. However, the term is generally
Where a traditional cockpit relies on
used in the sense of computer-
numerous mechanical gauges to display configured controls, where a computer
information, a glass cockpit utilizes system is interposed between the
several computer displays that can be operator and the final control actuators
adjusted to display flight information as or surfaces. This modifies the manual
needed. inputs of the pilot in accordance with
control parameters. These are carefully
developed and validated in order to
produce maximum operational effect
without compromising safety.
 GLARE is a "GLAss-REinforced" Fibre Metal Laminate (FML),
composed of several very thin layers of metal (usually aluminium)
interspersed with layers of glass-fibre "pre-preg", bonded together with
a matrix such as epoxy. The uni-directional pre-preg layers may be
aligned in different directions to suit the predicted stress conditions.
Although GLARE is a composite material, its material properties and
fabrication are very similar to bulk aluminum metal sheets. It has far
less in common with composite structures when it comes to design,
manufacture, inspection or maintenance. GLARE parts are constructed
and repaired using mostly conventional metal material techniques.
 Its major advantages over conventional aluminium are:
 better "damage tolerance" behaviour (especially impact and metal
fatigue)
 better corrosion resistance
 better fire resistance
 lower specific weight
 Wake turbulence
 Wake turbulence is turbulence that forms behind an aircraft as it passes
through the air. This turbulence includes various components, the most
important of which are wingtip vortices and jetwash. Jetwash refers simply to
the rapidly moving gasses expelled from a jet engine; it is extremely turbulent,
but of short duration. Wingtip vortices, on the other hand, are much more
stable and can remain in the air for up to three minutes after the passage of an
aircraft. Wingtip vortices make up the primary and most dangerous component
of wake turbulence.
 Wake turbulence is especially hazardous during the landing and take off phases
of flight, for three reasons. The first is that during take-off and landing, aircraft
operate at low speeds and high angle of attack. This flight attitude maximizes
the formation of dangerous wingtip vortices. Secondly, takeoff and landing are
the times when a plane is operating closest to its stall speed and to the ground -
meaning there is little margin for recovery in the event of encountering another
aircraft's wake turbulence. Thirdly, these phases of flight put aircraft closest
together and along the same flightpath, maximizing the chance of
encountering the phenomenon.
 Advantages & Disadvantages of Aviation Industry
Advantages Disadvantages
 It makes travel the easiest. No  It utilizes a lot of resources to do its
more taking a week to cross the thing. Fuel, rubber, metals, etc. hence, it
ocean or go to another country on is getting too expensive.
vacation.  It brings air pollution and increases in air
 It is time-saving, fast, comfortable, traffic
suit to meet your needs, etc.  You can have long duty hours, odd hours
 The aviation industry is very big duty, continuous traveling for days
together, has to keep you’re cool in many
and vast the scope of jobs is untoward situations also.
immense and varies from aircraft  The A300 is the limited range it has for
pilot ,aircraft maintenance, such a large aircraft. Like the guy said
aircraft crew/attendants or air above, the 767 holds the same amount of
hostess, ground staff, ticketing, passengers, but consumes 20% less fuel
boarding staffed. for the same distance.
 The A300 still flies. American still
used them for Caribbean and
South America flights. Airbus did
stop making them though.
 Advantages Disadvantages
 The advantage is that you can almost always  The disadvantage is that aviation nterferes
get a flight to Europe. with satellites.
 it uses the latest greatest technological advances to  More chances of accidents due to bad weather
better the flight and our pleasure in travel
conditions.
 There is a whole industry based on aviation that utilizes
 if your airline goes out of business while your
some of the latest technological advances in production
and quality control. away somewhere, it can be difficult to get back
 It is also a heavily governed industry so consumer safety home as the ticket you have is useless and
for the most part is the highest for almost any industry in you'll have to pay all over again to come home.
the world (some third world countries excluded).  The industry is so based on peoples travel
 The aviation industry contributed £11.4 billion to the habits and desire to travel that it can be up one
GDP in 2004 - that's 1.1% of the overall economy. year and terribly low another.
 It directly employed 186,000 people in 2004 and up to  If something goes wrong in the world this
520,000 indirectly.

industry hurts fast. Demand drops, orders for
the industry contributed £3.6 billion to the Exchequer in
newer aircraft drop etc.
2004/05.
  The most difficult barrier to entry into this
Aviation plays a key role in trade. 55% of the export of
manufactured goods to countries outside the EU is by air industry in the Pacific Northwest is location.
 Tourism makes a large and growing contribution to the Most of the airlines are based on the east and
economy - nearly 4% of GDP gulf coast and with the rising price of jet fuel,
 The aviation industry is vital to our nationamp39s many airlines are opting to send their planes
prosperity, and protecting this system from terrorist to repair centers closer to their main quarters.”
attacks or other dangerous acts remains an important ...  
 The economic benefits of aviation are undisputable.
 Safety Equipment
 Asbestos Gloves Harness
Fire axes Megaphone
Exits/Door with side rafts Seat Belts
Over wing Exit Safety barrier straps
Radio Beacons Smoke Goggles
First Aid kit Manual Release tools
Physicians Kit Life Vests
Fire Extinguisher- Halon Descent Devices
Fire Extinguisher- Water Oxygen Bottles with first
aid / full face mask
Thanks