Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 66 views

    Learning, Perception, and Attribution

    Uploaded by

    pedro motola
    Learning involves a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge due to experience. The three main theories of learning are classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and social learning. Perception is the process of selecting, organizing, interpreting, and responding to environmental stimuli and can be influenced by characteristics of the perceiver, target, and situation. Attribution is assigning causes to behaviors observed and is subject to biases like the fundamental attribution error and self-serving bias. Factors like distinctiveness, consensus, and consistency influence attributions formed. Shortcuts used in forming impressions include selective perception, halo effect, contrast effects, projection, and stereotyping.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved

    Learning, Perception, and Attribution

    Uploaded by

    pedro motola
    66 views13 pages
    Learning involves a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge due to experience. The three main theories of learning are classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and social learning. Perception is the process of selecting, organizing, interpreting, and responding to environmental stimuli and can be influenced by characteristics of the perceiver, target, and situation. Attribution is assigning causes to behaviors observed and is subject to biases like the fundamental attribution error and self-serving bias. Factors like distinctiveness, consensus, and consistency influence attributions formed. Shortcuts used in forming impressions include selective perception, halo effect, contrast effects, projection, and stereotyping.

    Original Description:

    this is my ppt

    Original Title

    Ch3 Learning,Perception

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Learning involves a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge due to experience. The three main theories of learning are classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and social learning. Perception is the process of selecting, organizing, interpreting, and responding to environmental stimuli and can be influenced by characteristics of the perceiver, target, and situation. Attribution is assigning causes to behaviors observed and is subject to biases like the fundamental attribution error and self-serving bias. Factors like distinctiveness, consensus, and consistency influence attributions formed. Shortcuts used in forming impressions include selective perception, halo effect, contrast effects, projection, and stereotyping.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    66 views13 pages

    Learning, Perception, and Attribution

    Uploaded by

    pedro motola
    Learning involves a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge due to experience. The three main theories of learning are classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and social learning. Perception is the process of selecting, organizing, interpreting, and responding to environmental stimuli and can be influenced by characteristics of the perceiver, target, and situation. Attribution is assigning causes to behaviors observed and is subject to biases like the fundamental attribution error and self-serving bias. Factors like distinctiveness, consensus, and consistency influence attributions formed. Shortcuts used in forming impressions include selective perception, halo effect, contrast effects, projection, and stereotyping.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    of 13

    Chapter 3

    Learning, Perception, and


    Attribution
    Learning
     May be defined as a relatively
    permanent change in behavior or
    knowledge due to experience. When a
    person behaves differently from what
    he previously did, it can be said that
    there is change in the person’s
    behavior with change there is learning.
    Behavioral Change

    Starts
    with the mind when it
    accepts new knowledge.
    Theories of learning

    1. Classical Conditioning - a type of learning in which a


    stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response
    that was originally evoked by another stimulus.
    2. Operant Conditioning – a type of learning where
    people learn to repeat behaviors that bring them
    pleasurable outcomes and to avoid behaviors that
    lead to uncomfortable outcomes.
    3. Social Learning – the process of observing the
    behavior of others, recognizing its consequences and
    altering behavior as a result.
    Social learning may be done in
    three ways namely:

    1. by observing what happens to other


    people
    2. by being told about something; and
    3. through direct experience
    Perception
     may be defined as the process by which people select, organize,
    interpret, retrieve, and respond to information from their
    environment.

    Is influenced by the characteristics of the following :


    1. the perceiver
    2. the target
    3. the situation
    The Perceiver
     The person who perceives the target. His perception of
    the target is influenced by factors that are unique to
    him, like the following:
    1.) his past experiences
    2.) his needs or motives
    3.) his personality
    4.) his values and attitudes
    The Target
     The person, object, or event that is perceived by another person.
    Perception may be modified by the following factors which are
    typical characteristics of targets:
    1.) contrast
    2.) intensity
    3.) figure- ground separation
    4.) size
    5.) motion
    6.) repetition or novelty
    The Situation
     Perception is also affected by the surrounding environment.

    Situational factors that affected perception are:

    1.) time
    2.) work setting
    3.) social setting
    Attribution

    • is the process by which


    people ascribe causes to the
    behavior they perceive.
    Common Attribution Errors

    1. Fundamental attribution errors – refers to the tendency


    to underestimate the influence of external factors and
    overestimate the influence of internal or personal factors
    in the behavior of others.

    2. Self- serving bias – people tend to attribute their


    achievements to their good inner qualities, whereas they
    attribute their failures to adverse factors within the
    environment.
    Factors that influence attribution

    Distinctiveness – consideration given to how consistent a


    person’s behavior is across different situations.

    Consensus – refers to the likelihood that all those facing


    the same situation will have similar responses.

    Consistency – refers to the measure of whether an


    individual responds the same way across time.
    Shortcuts used in forming impressions
    of others

    1.) Selective perception


    2.) Halo effect
    3.) Contrast effects
    4.) Projection
    5.) Stereotyping

    You might also like

    pFad - Phonifier reborn

    Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

    Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


    Alternative Proxies:

    Alternative Proxy

    pFad Proxy

    pFad v3 Proxy

    pFad v4 Proxy