Scribd
Upload
62 views19 pages

Making Adverbials 2018

The document discusses rules for reducing adverb clauses to adverb phrases. Some key points: 1. Adverb clauses introduced by time words like after, before, while, when, since can be reduced to phrases if the subject is the same in both clauses. 2. Cause/effect clauses introduced by because, since, now that, as can be reduced by omitting the conjunction and changing verbs to gerunds. 3. Conditional and contrast clauses introduced by if, though, although cannot be reduced to phrases. The document provides examples and explanations of the rules for proper reduction of adverb clauses.

Uploaded by

Samantha Lim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
62 views19 pages

Making Adverbials 2018

The document discusses rules for reducing adverb clauses to adverb phrases. Some key points: 1. Adverb clauses introduced by time words like after, before, while, when, since can be reduced to phrases if the subject is the same in both clauses. 2. Cause/effect clauses introduced by because, since, now that, as can be reduced by omitting the conjunction and changing verbs to gerunds. 3. Conditional and contrast clauses introduced by if, though, although cannot be reduced to phrases. The document provides examples and explanations of the rules for proper reduction of adverb clauses.

Uploaded by

Samantha Lim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 19

Reducing Adverb

Clauses:
Making Adverb Phrases –

Chapter 18, p. 387-396


Do these sentences have
correct grammar?
• Having attended class regularly, the student was
able to understand the difficult readings in the
class packet.

• When studying in another country, students must


adapt to the academic expectations there.

• Good teachers always have students show them


their steps along the way when assigning large
projects or papers.
These are adverb phrases,
and they are correct!
• Having attended class regularly, the student was
able to understand the difficult readings in the
class packet.

• While studying in another country, students must


adapt to the academic expectations there.

• Good teachers always have students show them


their steps along the way when assigning large
projects or papers.
Reducing Adverb Clauses:

Adverb clauses can be reduced only when the subject of


both clauses is the same. That’s rule #1!

Ex. While Ann was doing her homework, she listened to


music.

While doing her homework, Ann listened to music.

NOT: While Ann was doing her homework, the fire


alarm went off.  While doing her homework, the fire
alarm went off.
Here are some more rules:
2. If there is a be form of a verb, omit the
subject of the dependent clause and the
be form of theverb:
Ex. 1 - While he was studying for the test, he fell asleep.
While studying for the test, he fell asleep.
Ex. 2 – When he is taking a full-load of classes, he makes
sure to exercise often and get a lot of sleep.
When taking a full-load of classes, he makes sure to
exercise often and get a lot of sleep.
3. If there is no be form of the verb, omit
the subject and change the verb to –ing:
Ex. 1 - Before I went to class, I did the homework.
Before going to class, I did the homework.

Ex. 2 – When he reads the chapter, he takes notes.

When reading the chapter, he takes notes.


4. The adverb phrase can come before or
after the independent clause. If it comes
before, there should be a comma.
Ex. While doing her homework, Ann listened to
music.

Ann listened to music while doing her homework.


5. If the adverb clause is negative, put not
before the verb form.
Ex. After he didn’t pass the test, he hired a tutor.

After not passing the test, he hired a tutor.


Can all adverb
clauses be
changed to
phrases?
Some time clauses can (p. 388)

• Adverb clauses beginning with after, before, while,


when and since can all be reduced to phrases.
Examples:
• Peter went to bed after finishing his homework.
• Before going to bed, he finished his homework.
• While studying, he ate pizza.
• He listens to music when studying.
• Since coming to this country, he has changed his
study habits.
• *Adverb clauses beginning with other time
subordinators (as soonas, until, as longas, etc.) cannot be
reduced to phrases.
While/When – Same Time
(p. 389)
• If while and when are used to mean “at the same time,”
they can be omitted at the beginning of the sentence:
When I was walking to work, I saw Mary.

When walking to work, I saw Mary.


Walking to work, I saw Mary.

• While Dweck was growing up in Brooklyn in the ’50s,


she did well in elementary school and earned a spot in a
sixth-grade class of other high achievers.

While growing up in Brooklyn in the ’50s, Dweck did well in elementary


school and earned a spot in a sixth-grade class of other high achievers.

Growing up in Brooklyn in the ’50s, Dweck did well in elementary school


and earned a spot in a sixth-grade class of other high achievers.
When – short time after
(p. 393)
• Adverb clauses beginning with when that mean “a
short time after” usually begin with upon or on +ing
when they are reduced:
When I turned 21, I got married.
Upon turning 21, I gotmarried.
On turning 21, I gotmarried.
CAUSE/EFFECT (p. 390)

• When you reduce an adverb clause with because,


since, now that, oras, follow the same rules
except….
• 1. Do not include those subordinating
conjunctions in the adverbial phrase:
Ex. Since the professor wanted his students to do
well, he talked to them about academic
expectations.
Wanting his students to do well, the professor
talked to them about academic expectations.
2. If you put the adverb phrase of reason after the
independent clause, use a comma.

Ex. The professor talked to his students about academic


expectations since he wanted them to do well.

The professor talked to his students about academic


expectations, wanting them to do well.
a. However, it is best to move the adverb phrase so it is
closer to the subject of the independent clause:

Wanting his students to do well, the professor talked to


them about academic expectations.
• Having + past participle gives the meaning of
reason and before:
Ex. Because he read Blum’s book, the professor
changed the way he teaches.
Having read Blum’s book, the professor
changed the way he teaches.
• If there is a form of BE in the cause/effect
adverb clause, it can be changed to being in the
reduced clause:
Ex.
Because she was late to class, she couldn’t take the
quiz.
Being late to class, she couldn’t take the quiz.
*The cause-effect meaning is still clear.
Can Conditional and
Contrast Clauses be
reduced to phrases?
The short
answer is…
no.
Let’s practice!

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy