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    Desalting Overview

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    Sampat
    The document discusses desalting crude oil. Desalting removes contaminants like chloride salts, inorganic solids, and water that can cause corrosion, fouling, and increase costs. The desalting process involves adding wash water to crude oil, mixing to contact the water and oil, and then separating the water and contaminants from the desalted crude oil inside a desalting vessel. Desalting benefits refineries by protecting downstream equipment, reducing corrosion and fouling, extending run lengths, and reducing energy costs and poor product specifications.

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    Desalting Overview

    Uploaded by

    Sampat
    260 views9 pages
    The document discusses desalting crude oil. Desalting removes contaminants like chloride salts, inorganic solids, and water that can cause corrosion, fouling, and increase costs. The desalting process involves adding wash water to crude oil, mixing to contact the water and oil, and then separating the water and contaminants from the desalted crude oil inside a desalting vessel. Desalting benefits refineries by protecting downstream equipment, reducing corrosion and fouling, extending run lengths, and reducing energy costs and poor product specifications.

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    Desalting Process

    Original Title

    1. Desalting Overview

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    The document discusses desalting crude oil. Desalting removes contaminants like chloride salts, inorganic solids, and water that can cause corrosion, fouling, and increase costs. The desalting process involves adding wash water to crude oil, mixing to contact the water and oil, and then separating the water and contaminants from the desalted crude oil inside a desalting vessel. Desalting benefits refineries by protecting downstream equipment, reducing corrosion and fouling, extending run lengths, and reducing energy costs and poor product specifications.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    260 views9 pages

    Desalting Overview

    Uploaded by

    Sampat
    The document discusses desalting crude oil. Desalting removes contaminants like chloride salts, inorganic solids, and water that can cause corrosion, fouling, and increase costs. The desalting process involves adding wash water to crude oil, mixing to contact the water and oil, and then separating the water and contaminants from the desalted crude oil inside a desalting vessel. Desalting benefits refineries by protecting downstream equipment, reducing corrosion and fouling, extending run lengths, and reducing energy costs and poor product specifications.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    The key takeaways are that desalting crude oil helps remove contaminants like chloride salts and inorganic solids which can cause corrosion and fouling in downstream units. This improves reliability and reduces costs.

    The main contaminants are chloride salts like NaCl, MgCl2 and CaCl2 which hydrolyze to form hydrochloric acid, a primary cause of corrosion. Inorganic solids like iron sulfide, sand and clay promote fouling in heat exchangers. Water also causes corrosion and reduces throughput.

    The three main steps are: 1) adding wash water externally, 2) mixing the water and oil externally, and 3) separating the water and dehydrated oil inside the desalter vessel.

    Desalting Overview

    RFM Tech Training – 2018


    BORL Bina
    19th Feb, 2019
    Arindam Roy
    Benefits of Desalting

     Remove
    Contaminants from
    Raw Crude Oil

     Reduce Corrosion
    and Fouling (improve
    reliability) in
    Downstream Units

     Reduce the Total


    Cost of Refinery
    Operations

    2
    Crude Oil Contaminants

     Chloride Salts

     Inorganic Solids

     Water

    SEM photo from


    Mike Poindexter / Dick Cloud
    Chloride Salts

    Hydrolyze to form Hydrochloric Acid

     MgCl2 + 2H2O → Mg(OH)2 + 2HCl 120°C (15%)


    HCl is the
     CaCl2 + 2H2O → Ca(OH)2 + 2HCl 200-230°C (10%)
    primary cause
     NaCl + H2O → NaOH + HCl > 500 °C (75%) of crude unit
    corrosion
    equip failures
    Inorganic Solids

     Iron sulfide, sand, clay,


    drilling muds
     Not soluble in crude oil
    or water
     Promote oil under
    carry in desalter
    effluent water
     Cause crude unit
    exchanger and heater
    fouling. Inorganic solids
    are the second largest
    cause of preheat
    exchanger fouling…

    5
    Water

     Brine from crude oil production field


     Typical raw crude specification is < 1% water
     Water in crude reduces charge rates, increases energy costs
    and causes downstream equipment corrosion

    Emulsified Crude Resolved Crude


    Benefits of Desalting

     Protect Downstream Equipment


     Reduced Corrosion  Extended Run Length
     Reduced Fouling  Stabilized Unit Operations
     Maximized Throughput  Reduced Energy Costs
    Corrosion
    Increased energy
    crude consumption
    oil
    HCl
    Fouling & H2O

    H2O

    H2O
    Brine Poor Product
    NaCl
    heat Mg(OH)2 Specification
    exchanger Ca(OH)2
    furnace
    increased oil to wwtp

    Mg Cl2 + 2H2O Mg(OH)2 +2HCl


    Ca Cl2 + 2H2O Ca(OH)2 +2HCl
    Desalting Process Sequence

    1. Add wash water to oil


    External to desalter vessel
    2. Mixing/contact of water
    with oil
    External to desalter vessel
    3. Separation of water
    (dehydration)
    Inside desalter vessel
    Desalting Process Steps

    Desalted Crude
    Transformer

    Volts

    Grids
    Oil
    Mix Valve Water
    Crude Oil DP Desalter
    Tanks Crude Oil Vessel
    Effluent Water

    Charge Oil/Water (Brine)


    Preheat
    Pumps Emulsion
    Train
    Wash Water Wash Water

    Water
    Chemicals Mixing Separation
    Addition
    1 2 3

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