BS (ECONOMICS)

SEMESTER : 4
ASSIGNMENT : English
SUBMITTED BY: RIMSHA KHAN 67
ALISHA FATIMA 02
IMAN FATIMA 36
SARA ZAFAR 75
MAIRA FAISAL 48
SUBMITTED TO: Sadia Nazir
 Context
 Making speech on special occasions
 Public speaking
 General speech principles
 Three ways of presenting speech
 Sequence of preparing a speech
 Strategies of speech
 Delivery speech
 Tips for writing speech
 Making speeches on special occasions

A well-prepared, rehearsed and delivered after

dinner speech can make a significant mark on
the audience and occasion, all the while using
humor to make a serious points.
 Public Speaking
 Public speaking is the process of speaking to a group of people in a structured,
deliberate manner intended to inform, influence, or entertain the listeners.
 Making an after dinner speech in a social setting is quite different from making
an oral presentation in an academic environment.
 Speeches vary from occasion to occasion and from individual to individual, a
few essentials need to be considered if your speech is to be effective.
 Most people fail to impress as public speaker because they do not realize that
the skill of writing for speech is different from the skill of writing for
publication.
 They are inflexible and use the same approach will all audiences not realizing
that large and small gathering need handling in completely different ways.
 A good speech rarely makes good reading! Writing a speech requires special
skills.
Public speaking
 General speech principles
The general purpose of the speech is usually
determined by the occasion in which the speech will
be presented. In a persuasive speech, the presenter will
attempt to change their audience beliefs, attitudes,
feelings or values.
 Three ways of presenting speech

There are three well known ways to present a speech. Each requiring
a different kind of preparations. Most speaker prefer to make
preparations for the speech for its obvious benefits, the foremost
being a feeling of confidence because you are familiar with the
material of the speech.
 Extemporaneous
 Manuscript
 Impromptu
Continued….
1. Extemporaneous:
An extemporaneous speech is define as one in which a set of notes
guides the speaker through the oral presentation.
 A scratch outline is most favored format of heading and subheading in the form of
single word, phrases or full sentences.
 As everything is not written down the speaker may lose tracks and be at loss of words.
2. Manuscript:
The manuscript speech is written version of speech used as basis of
presentation. The speaker read the script.
3. Impromptu:
Impromptu speech is one in which there is no formal development prompt
delivery. In fact you are familiar with speech preparation techniques you can develop
your speech as you speak.
 Sequence of preparing a speech

There are following sequence for preparing your speech.

 Knowing the reason or purpose for speaking.
 Evaluating the audience and occasion.
 Doing some research on the person you are going to speak about.
 Writing an outline of the speech.
 Delivering the speech.
 Concluding the speech.
 Practice.
Continued….
 The first concern of speaker is to determine the reason or purpose for making the
speech most of times the audience knows is advance the purpose of meeting.
 The next step is evaluate the audience and occasion.
1. Audience:
Find out every thing about audience. How big it will be, how
knowledgeable. Are the people to be there because of their job, person being
honored etc.
Audience can be large or small the speaker has to adjust his style
according to his audience.
2. Occasion:
In term of occasion, the speaker must take into account the number of
speaker line drop for speaking general thoughts and feelings that prevail during
occasion.
Continued….
 Do some homework or research about a person you are going to speak.
This can be done in form of interview gathering information from the
individual is critical in special occasion speaking.
 Next information that is gathered from other sources need to be given
clear shape in form of an outline. It is like a road map which clearly
lays an starting and end point of speech.
The outline should be divided into three parts.
1. Introduction
2. Main body
3. Conclusion
Continued….
 Introduction has three fold purpose:
1. First, to try and gain audience interest in the subject.
2. Second, lead the audience into the main body of speech.
3. Third, to establish understanding between speaker and audience.
 There are different ways to commence the speech.
1. Quotation, which may be used in any part of speech, are very effective way to open
a speech. Its not only gain audience attention but establish once a degree of
creativity.
2. Another frequently used technique is that of factual illustration usually an incident
that take place and which help to gain audience attention.
 The main body of speech consist of main point and supporting material use to
illustrate what you want to say to get the preferred audience response.
 Strategies of speech
A speech can be concluded by utilizing any of the following strategies
 Appeal
 Appreciation
 Illustration
1. Appeal where audience participation and activity is desired. It is the best way
to conclude the speech.
2. Appreciation is the right way of concluding the speech especially in response
to a welcome address or receiving an award.
3. Using a illustration a quotation or summarizing or recalling the main idea of
an informative speech are also common techniques of concluding a speech.
 Delivery speech
Delivery speech is an art and can be learnt and improved. The following aspects
plays a crucial part in the delivery speech.
1. Voice quality
2. Eye contact
3. Posture
4. Gesture
5. Enthusiasm
6. Stage of fright
 When assessing the quality of someone’s voice we can easily categorize it as
harsh, loud, nasal, shrill soft etc. you can do nothing about the type of voice
nature has include you with, but far the effective delivering a speech. If
attention is paid to the rate, volume, pitch, voice and quality can be improved.
Continued….
 Maintaining eye contact with the audience is the key to effective delivery.
Never look over the heads of the audience or focus on the wall at the back but
try to maintain eye contact as would in an ordinary conversation.
 Confident speakers stand straight behind the rostrum during delivery and step
forward toward the audience on important points. Use of hand and arm
gestures and facial expressions during speech delivery help support the ideas
expressed and convey a feeling of credibility to the remarks made.
 Knowledge of the subject mode of delivery, eye contact, all help indicate the
speakers enthusing to communicate his feelings. The audience reaction to the
speech also indicate the speakers.
 Stage fright is induce nervousness a natural phenomenon vey common with the
amateur or beginner speaker.
 Tips for writing speech
There are six tips for writing a speech
1. Keep the speech short.
2. Place the important points at the beginning of the speech.
3. Limit the speech to a couple of main points.
4. Signpost the speech.
5. Write out the speech in full .
6. Reduce the written out speech to numbered notes.
 Research tell us that listeners retention begin to drop after you are making
sense and not going of topic, figure out what you want to talk about and stick
to just that it is not a bad idea for the speaker to state at the very outset that
he/she intends to keep the speech short to allow more time for questions
afterwards. You are not going to give your speech word for word anyway.
Shorter sentence will be easier to remember.
Continued…
 Knowing about the short memory span of the listeners do not waste these
precious minutes in a long introduction, get to the important points fast as it
will have greater impact.
 Repeat before winding up the speech must be simple, uninvolved sentences
helps the audience retain the basic messages.
 Begin by briefly statin the points you will be dealing with the first I shall look
at…. then I shall deal with… and finally in this way argument is broken into
short stages which the audience can easily follow.
 Write and rewrite the speech until it flows smoothly.
 Revise carefully and reduce the speech to key points one by one each point
standing out clearly you will find that a single point or phases will be enough
to activate a whole string of associated ideas.