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Prepared by Prakash Kumar K

Communication across cultures requires understanding of cultural differences that can impact the communication process. Culture influences how people communicate, interpret messages, and provide feedback. Effective cross-cultural communication involves developing cultural sensitivity, carefully encoding and decoding messages, and following up through open communication. Key factors include respect, empathy, and an openness to different cultural perspectives. Managing cross-cultural interactions well is important for building productive business relationships globally.

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prakash kumar
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35 views

Prepared by Prakash Kumar K

Communication across cultures requires understanding of cultural differences that can impact the communication process. Culture influences how people communicate, interpret messages, and provide feedback. Effective cross-cultural communication involves developing cultural sensitivity, carefully encoding and decoding messages, and following up through open communication. Key factors include respect, empathy, and an openness to different cultural perspectives. Managing cross-cultural interactions well is important for building productive business relationships globally.

Uploaded by

prakash kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMMUNICATION ACROSS CULTURES

PREPARED BY
PRAKASH KUMAR K

1
COMMUNICATION & CULTURE

 Communication - The process of sharing meaning by


transmitting messages through media such as words,
behavior, or material artifacts.
 Culture- The values, beliefs, orientations, and
underlying assumptions prevalent among people in a
society.

2
COMMUNICATING ACROSS CULTURES

 The communication process


 The culture-communication link
 Information technology – going global and acting local
 Managing cross-cultural communication

3
HOW DO CULTURAL FACTORS PERVADE THE
COMMUNICATION PROCESS?
 “Culture not only dictates who talks with whom, and how the
communication proceeds, it also helps to determine how
people encode messages, the meanings they have for
messages, and the conditions and circumstances under which
various messages may or may not be sent, noticed, or
interpreted.In fact, our entire repertory of communicative
behaviors is dependent largely on the culture in which we have
been raised. Culture, consequently, is the foundation of
communication. And, when cultures vary, communication
practices also vary.”
Samovar, Porter, and Jain

4
MAJOR CONTRIBUTORS TO CO-CULTURES:

 Race
 Ethnicity- Classification based on a combination of shared
characteristics such as nationality, geographic orgin, language,
religion, ancestral customs, and tradition
 Gender
 Religion- System of beliefs that is shared by a group and that
supplies a group with an entity for devotion, rituals for worship,
and code of ethics.
 Sexual Orientation
 Social Class- A level in the power hierarchy of a society. Based
on income, education, occupation, and social habits.
 Age
THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS

Sender Medium Receiver


Meaning Encode Message Decode Meaning

Noise

Culture

Feedback

6
TERMS IN COMMUNICATION

 Intercultural communication is when a member of one


culture sends a message to a member of another
culture.
 Attribution is the process in which people look for the
explanation of another person’s behavior.

7
GUIDELINES FOR CREATING TRUST
(AS SUGGESTED BY JOHN CHILD)

 Create a clear and calculated basis for mutual benefit.


There must be realistic commitments and good
intentions to honor them.
 Improve predictability: strive to resolve conflicts and
keep communication open.
 Develop mutual bonding through regular socializing
and friendly contact.

8
CULTURAL VARIABLES AFFECTING COMMUNICATION

 Attitudes: attitudes underlie the way we behave and


communicate and the way we interpret messages from other
people. Ethnocentric attitudes are a particular source of noise
in cross-cultural communication.
 Social Organization: our perceptions can be influenced by
differences in values, approach, or priorities relative to the kind
of social organizations to which we belong.
 Thought Patterns: The logical progression of reasoning varies
widely around the world. Managers cannot assume that others
use the same reasoning processes.

9
CULTURAL VARIABLES AFFECTING COMMUNICATION

 Roles: societies differ considerably in their perception of a


manager’s role. Much of the difference is attributable to their
perception of who should make the decisions and who has
responsibility for what.
 Language: Spoken or written language is a frequent cause of
miscommunication, stemming from a person’s inability to
speak the local language, a poor or too-literal translation, a
speaker’s failure to explain idioms, or a person missing the
meaning conveyed through body language or certain symbols.

10
CULTURAL VARIABLES AFFECTING COMMUNICATION

 Nonverbal Communication: behavior that communicates


without words (although it often is accompanied by words).
 Time: another variable that communicates culture is the way
people regard and use time.
• Monochronic time systems – time is experienced in a linear way
• Polychronic time systems – tolerate many things occurring
simultaneously and emphasize involvement with people.

11
FORMS OF NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
 Facial expressions
 Body posture
 Gestures with hands,
arms, head, etc.
 Interpersonal distance
(proxemics)
 Touching, body contact
 Eye contact

12
FORMS OF NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION

 Clothing, cosmetics, hairstyles, jewelry


 Paralanguage (voice pitch and inflections, rate of
speech, and silence)
 Color symbolism
 Attitude toward time and the use of time in business
and social interactions
 Food symbolism and social use of meals

13
CONTEXT

 In high-context cultures, feelings and thoughts are not explicitly


expressed; instead, one has to read between the lines and
interpret meaning from one’s general understanding.
 In low-context cultures, where personal and business
relationships are more separated, communication media have
to be more explicit. Feelings and thoughts are expressed in
words, and information is more readily available.

14
CULTURAL CONTEXT AND ITS EFFECTS ON
COMMUNICATION

high context/implicit
High Japan
Middle East
Latin America
Africa
Context

Mediterranean
England
France
North America
Scandinavia
Germany
Switzerland

low context/explicit
Low
Low Explicitness of communication High

15
MANAGING CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION

 Developing cultural sensitivity


 Careful encoding
 Selective transmission
 Careful decoding of feedback
 Follow-up actions

16
BEHAVIORS MOST IMPORTANT TO INTERCULTURAL
COMMUNICATION EFFECTIVENESS

 Respect (conveyed through eye contact, body posture, voice


tone and pitch)
 Interaction posture (the ability to respond to others in a
descriptive, nonevaluative, and nonjudgmental way)
 Orientation to knowledge (recognizing that one’s knowledge,
perception, and beliefs are valid only for oneself and not for
everyone else)
 Empathy
 Interaction management
 Tolerance for ambiguity
 Other-oriented role behavior (one’s capacity to be flexible and
to adopt different roles for the sake of greater group cohesion
and group communication
17
PERSONALITY FACTORS FOR EFFECTIVE
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

 Openness – traits such as open-mindedness,


tolerance for ambiguity, and extrovertedness
 Resilience – traits such as having an internal locus of
control, persistence, a tolerance of ambiguity, and
resourcefulness

18
IMPORTANCE OF CROSS-CULTURAL
COMMUNICATION

 Cross-cultural communication in business


happens between any two companies
regardless of their location.
 To effect productive business relationships,
every organization needs to be sensitive to the
potential issues of cross-cultural
communication
EFFECTIVE CROSS CULTURAL COMMUNICATION
CAUSES OF CULTURAL CONFLICT

 Misunderstandings - language, attitude


 Cultural ignorance and insensitivity.

 Lack of awareness - different lifestyle


practices.
 Differences in cultural practice.

 Differences in perception.
THANK
YOU !!!

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