Chapter 5 Wiley

Cybersecurity, Risk
Management, and
Financial Crime
Andreas William
Nico Nathanael
Arya Gina Tarigan
Data Breach
• Data Breach: is the intentional or unintentional release of secure or
private/confidential information to an untrusted environment. (source: wikipedia)
• The main cause of a data breach is hacking.
• Negligence: management not doing enough to defend againts cyberthreats.
• Data Security must be treated as a key business issue and not simply the
responsibility of the IT department.
Data
Negligence Hacking
Breach
Worst Data Breaches Worldwide, 2013-2014, in
Terms of Number of Data Records Breached
• eBay : 145 million
• Korea Credit Bureau : 100 million
• Adobe : 150 million
• UbiSoft : 58 million
• Turkish Government : 54 million
• Evernote : 50 million
Cybersecurity Challenges
• Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS): attack bombards a network or
website with traffic to crash it and leave it vulnerable to other threats.
• Malware (viruses, trojans, worms, botnets, etc.)
• Advanced persistent threats (APT): a stealth network attack in which an
unauthorized entity (hacker or malware) gains access to a network and
remains undetected for a long time.
• Mobile computing and BYOD (Bring Your Own Device)
• Social media for social engineering: users are tricked into revealing their
log-in credentials or other confidential information, which can give
cybercriminals access to corporate network accounts as authorized users.
• Phishing
Basic IT Security Concepts
Risk: Probability of a threat Exploit: A program (code)

exploiting a vulnerability that allows attackers to
and the resulting cost of the automatically break into a
loss, damage, disruption or system through a
destruction vulnerability
Threat: Someone or
something that can cause
loss, damage, or
destruction
Asset: Something of value

Vulnerability: Weakness or that needs to be protected
flaw in a system that allows (customer data, trade
an attack to be successful secrets, propriate formulas,
etc.)
Objectives of Data and Information System
Security
• Confidentiality: No unauthorized data disclosure.

• Integrity: Data, documents, messages, and other files have not been altered
in any unauthorized way.
• Availability: Data is accessible when needed by those authorized to do so.
Why do hackers carry data breach out?
• To shake down business and steal identities

• Hacking is a profitable industry
• Hackers feel untouched
Why is stealing data easy for employee?
• Ability to bypass physical and technical security

• Defenses protect againts external threats
What are the negative impacts and costs of
data breach?
• Lost sales and income

• Delayed sales or income
• Increased expenses (overtime labor, outsourcing, etc.)
• Regulatory fines
• Contractual penalties or loss of contractual bonuses
• Customer dissatisfaction or defection
• Delay of new business plans
How Should IT security risks be prevented?
• Tools:
1. Antivirus software
2. Intrusion detection systems
3. Intrusion prevention systems
• COBIT Governance Model
1. Principle of economic use of resources
2. Principle of legality
3. Accounting principles
• Industry data security standard
• IT Security Model: People, Processes, and Technology
1. Senior management commitment and support
2. Acceptable use policies and IT security training
3. IT security procedures and enforcement
4. Up-to-date hardware and software
Financial Crimes and Fraud Defences
Type of Fraud:
Crime 1. Operating Management Corruption
2. Conflict of interest
3. Bribery
4. Embezzlement or “misappropriation”
5. Senior Management financial reporting fraud
Nonviolent Violent 6. Accounting Cycle Fraud
Fraud Prevention:
1. Effective corporate governance and fraud
Fraud prevention measure
2. Most cost-effective approach
Fraud Detection:
1. Intelligent Analysis
Financial 2. Anomaly Detections
Crimes
Conclusion
• Underestimating IT vulnerabilities and threats is the biggest mistakes

managements made.
• Data Security must be treated as a key business issue and not simply the
responsibility of the IT department.

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Cybersecurity, Risk

Risk: Probability of a threat Exploit: A program (code)

Asset: Something of value

• Confidentiality: No unauthorized data disclosure.

• To shake down business and steal identities

• Ability to bypass physical and technical security

• Lost sales and income

• Underestimating IT vulnerabilities and threats is the biggest mistakes

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