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    Computer Graphics: Lecture 9: Matrix Stacks and 3dtransformations

    Uploaded by

    Usama Cheema
    This document discusses 3D transformations and drawing 3D objects in computer graphics using OpenGL. Specifically, it covers: 1) Using 3D coordinates (x, y, z) to place objects in the 3D space and draw them using functions like glVertex3f. 2) Applying transformations like translation and rotation on the model-view matrix stack to manipulate object positions. 3) Utilizing callback functions like idle and reshape to enable continuous animation and handle window resizing. 4) Examples of drawing simple 3D shapes and complex objects like a rotating windmill or solar system using these techniques.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Computer Graphics: Lecture 9: Matrix Stacks and 3dtransformations

    Uploaded by

    Usama Cheema
    79 views31 pages
    This document discusses 3D transformations and drawing 3D objects in computer graphics using OpenGL. Specifically, it covers: 1) Using 3D coordinates (x, y, z) to place objects in the 3D space and draw them using functions like glVertex3f. 2) Applying transformations like translation and rotation on the model-view matrix stack to manipulate object positions. 3) Utilizing callback functions like idle and reshape to enable continuous animation and handle window resizing. 4) Examples of drawing simple 3D shapes and complex objects like a rotating windmill or solar system using these techniques.

    Original Description:

    Computer Graphics 3D Drawing using OpenGL

    Original Title

    Lecture_9

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    This document discusses 3D transformations and drawing 3D objects in computer graphics using OpenGL. Specifically, it covers: 1) Using 3D coordinates (x, y, z) to place objects in the 3D space and draw them using functions like glVertex3f. 2) Applying transformations like translation and rotation on the model-view matrix stack to manipulate object positions. 3) Utilizing callback functions like idle and reshape to enable continuous animation and handle window resizing. 4) Examples of drawing simple 3D shapes and complex objects like a rotating windmill or solar system using these techniques.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    79 views31 pages

    Computer Graphics: Lecture 9: Matrix Stacks and 3dtransformations

    Uploaded by

    Usama Cheema
    This document discusses 3D transformations and drawing 3D objects in computer graphics using OpenGL. Specifically, it covers: 1) Using 3D coordinates (x, y, z) to place objects in the 3D space and draw them using functions like glVertex3f. 2) Applying transformations like translation and rotation on the model-view matrix stack to manipulate object positions. 3) Utilizing callback functions like idle and reshape to enable continuous animation and handle window resizing. 4) Examples of drawing simple 3D shapes and complex objects like a rotating windmill or solar system using these techniques.

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    Computer

    Graphics
    Lecture 9: Matrix Stacks and 3DTransformations
    Using Translation and Rotation together

    First rotate, then translate =>

    First translate, then rotate =>


    Three Dimensional Coordinates

    Drawing using glVertex3f(x ,y ,z )


    Z Axis Object Placement
    +Y -X

    (X , Y,+Z) (X , Y,-Z)

    +z -z

    +X -Y
    Drawing a 3d object using 3d coordinates
    float A1X=200, A1Y=-200,A1Z=200, A2Z=200, A2X=400, A2Y=-200, A3X=300,
    A3Y=0,A3Z=200, A4Y=-150, A4X=200, A4Z=-200;

    //BOTTOM TRIANGLE FACE //FRONT FACE TRIANGLE


    glBegin(GL_LINE_LOOP);
    glBegin(GL_LINE_LOOP);
    glVertex3f(A1X,A1Y,A1Z);
    glVertex3f(A1X,A1Y,A1Z); glVertex3f(A2X,A2Y,A2Z);
    glVertex3f(A2X,A2Y,A2Z); glVertex3f(A3X,A3Y,A3Z);
    glEnd();
    glVertex3f(A4X,A4Y,A4Z);
    glEnd();

    //RIGHT TRIANGLE
    glBegin(GL_LINE_LOOP);
    glVertex3f(A1X,A1Y,A1Z);
    glVertex3f(A3X,A3Y,A3Z);
    glVertex3f(A4X,A4Y,A4Z);
    glEnd();
    Translating triangle

    void myDisplay(void)
    {
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
    glLineWidth(3.0);
    glLoadIdentity();
    CrossCenter();

    Original1(A1X,A1Y,A1Z,A2X,A2Y,A2Z,A3X,A3Y,A3Z,A4X,A4Y,A4Z);

    glLoadIdentity();
    glTranslatef(-600,0,0);
    glColor3f(1,0,0);

    Original1(A1X,A1Y,A1Z,A2X,A2Y,A2Z,A3X,A3Y,A3Z,A4X,A4Y,A4Z);
    glFlush();
    }
    Translating two triangles on Z axis
    void myDisplay(void)
    {
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
    glLineWidth(3.0);
    glLoadIdentity();
    CrossCenter();

    Original1(A1X,A1Y,A1Z,A2X,A2Y,A2Z,A3X,A3Y,A3Z,A4X,A4Y,A4Z);

    glLoadIdentity();
    glTranslatef(0,0,-600);
    glColor3f(1,0,0);

    Original1(A1X,A1Y,A1Z,A2X,A2Y,A2Z,A3X,A3Y,A3Z,A4X,A4Y,A4Z);
    glFlush();
    }
    Idle Call Back Function
    Use for animation and continuous update
    Can use glutTimerFunc or timed callbacks for animations as well

    void idle( void )


    {
    /* change something */
    t += dt;
    glutPostRedisplay();
    }
    glutIdleFunc( idle );//Called in Main
    Using Idle Callback function
    GLfloat Angle=0;
    void idle()
    {
    Angle+=0.01;
    if(Angle>360)
    {
    Angle=Angle-360;
    }
    glutPostRedisplay();
    }
    glRotatef(Angle,0,1,0);//Rotate the object continuously
    without ant keyboard function
    Using Idle Callback function
    GLfloat Angle=0;
    void idle()
    {
    Angle+=0.01;
    if(Angle>360)
    {
    Angle=Angle-360;
    }
    glutPostRedisplay();
    }
    glRotatef(Angle,0,1,0);//Rotate the object continuously
    without ant keyboard function
    Using Idle Callback function
    void myDisplay(void)
    {
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
    glColor3f(0,0,0);
    glTranslatef(0,0,600);
    Original1(A1X,A1Y,A1Z,A2X,A2Y,A2Z,A3X,A3Y,A3Z,A4X,A4Y,
    A4Z);

    glLoadIdentity();
    glRotatef(Angle,0,1,0);
    glTranslatef(0,0,-600);
    glColor3f(1,0,0);
    Original1(A1X,A1Y,A1Z,A2X,A2Y,A2Z,A3X,A3Y,A3Z,A4X,A4Y,
    A4Z);
    glFlush();
    }
    Reshape Callback Function
    Used to change the window size at run time

    void reshape (int w, int h)


    {
    glViewport (0, 0, (GLsizei) w, (GLsizei) h);
    }
    glutReshapeFunc(reshape);//Register Callback
    Matrix Stacks
    OpenGL uses matrix stacks mechanism to manage transformation
    hierarchy. OpenGL provides matrix stacks for each type of supported
    matrix to store matrices.

    Model-view matrix stack(Stack used when drawing/modeling)


    Projection matrix stack(Stack used when setting camera values)

    Current matrix is always the topmost matrix of the stack When we


    manipulate the current matrix, we actually manipulate the topmost matrix.
    We can control the current matrix by using push and pop operations.
    Enabling Matrix Stacks
    void myInit(void)
    {
    glClearColor(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0);
    glColor3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
    glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
    glLoadIdentity();
    glOrtho(-640.0, 640.0, -480.0, 480.0,480,-480);
    glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);

    }
    Model view and projection matrix stacks

    Push and Pop Functions are used to


    manipulate model-view Matrix stack
    Manipulating Matrix stacks
    glPushMatrix ( void )
    Pushes all matrices in the current stack down one level. The topmost
    matrix is copied, so its contents are duplicated in both the top and
    second-from-the top matrix.

    glPopMatrix ( void )
    Pops the top matrix off the stack, destroying the contents of the
    popped matrix. What was the second-from-the top matrix becomes the
    top matrix.
    Modelview Matrix stacks

    Top most value of the


    Stack is the current
    matrix of size 4x4
    Manipulating Modelview Matrix stacks by using
    PushMatrix() function
    Code
    glPushMatrix();
    glTranslatef(0,0,0);
    glutSolidCube(1.0);

    glPushMatrix() function Pushes all


    matrices in the current stack down one
    level. The topmost matrix is copied, so its
    contents are duplicated in both the top
    and second-from-the top matrix.
    Manipulating Modelview Matrix stacks by using
    PushMatrix() function
    Code
    glPushMatrix();
    glTranslatef(0,0,0);
    glutSolidCube(1.0);

    glPushMatrix() function Pushes all


    matrices in the current stack down one
    level. The topmost matrix is copied, so its
    contents are duplicated in both the top
    and second-from-the top matrix.
    Manipulating Modelview Matrix stacks by using
    PopMatrix() function
    Code
    glPushMatrix();
    glTranslatef(0,0,0);
    glutSolidCube(1.0);
    glPopMatrix();

    glPopMatrix() function Pops the top


    matrix off the stack, destroying the
    contents of the popped matrix. What was
    the second-from-the top matrix becomes
    the top matrix.
    .
    Drawing a Windmill
    Drawing a Windmill
    Objects used for drawing

    •Three glutSolidSphere() functions for the wings

    •One Solid sphere function for the center base

    •One glutSolidCube() function for the vertical cube


    Drawing a Windmill
    glPushMatrix(); glRotatef(30,0,0,1);
    glPushMatrix();//Drawing the bottom cube glPushMatrix();//right bottom Wing
    glTranslatef(0,-1.5,-0.2); glTranslatef(1,0,0);
    glScalef(0.2,3,0); glColor3f(1,1,1);
    glColor3f(1,1,1); glScalef(2,0.5,-0.5);
    glutSolidCube(1.0); glutSolidSphere(0.5,50,50);
    glPopMatrix(); glPopMatrix();

    glRotatef(all,0,0,1); glRotatef(90,0,0,1);
    glPushMatrix();//left bottom Wing
    glPushMatrix();//base ball glTranslatef(-1,0,0);
    glTranslatef(0,0,0); glColor3f(1,1,1);
    glColor3f(1,1,1); glScalef(2,0.5,-0.5);
    glScalef(0.6,0.5,0.7); glutSolidSphere(0.5,50,50);
    glutSolidSphere(0.5,50,50); glPopMatrix();
    glPopMatrix();//base ball
    One more Wing
    Rotating the Windmill on Keyboard
    Event
    void keyboard (unsigned char key, int x, int y)
    {
    switch (key)
    {
    case 'A':
    all = (all + 10) % 360;
    glutPostRedisplay();
    break;
    case 'a':
    all = (all + 10) % 360;
    glutPostRedisplay();
    break;
    default:
    break;
    }
    }
    Drawing Multiple windmills in a scene
    void display(void)
    {
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
    glColor3f(1,0,0);
    glTranslatef(-1,-1,-1);
    windmill();
    glColor3f(0,1,0);
    glTranslatef(2,1,-1);
    windmill();
    glColor3f(1,1,0);
    glTranslatef(3,2,-1);
    windmill();
    glColor3f(1,0,1);
    glTranslatef(4,2,-1);
    windmill();
    glutSwapBuffers();
    }
    Drawing a Solar System
    void display(void)
    {
    glClear (GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
    glColor3f (1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
    glPushMatrix();
    glRotatef ((GLfloat) year, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
    glutWireSphere(0.4, 20, 16); /* draw sun */
    glTranslatef (0.7, 0.0, 0.0);
    glRotatef ((GLfloat) day, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
    glutWireSphere(0.1, 10, 8); /* draw smaller
    planet */
    glPopMatrix();
    glFlush();
    }
    Adding another Planet
    void display(void)
    {
    glClear (GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
    glColor3f (1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
    glPushMatrix();
    glRotatef ((GLfloat) year, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
    glutWireSphere(0.4, 20, 16); /* draw sun */
    glTranslatef (0.7, 0.0, 0.0);
    glRotatef ((GLfloat) day, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
    glutWireSphere(0.1, 10, 8); /* draw smaller planet */
    glColor3f(1,0,0);
    glTranslatef (-1.4, 0.0, 0.0);
    glutWireSphere(0.1,10,18);
    glPopMatrix();
    glFlush();}
    Rotation using Keyboard Event Handler
    void keyboard (unsigned char key, int x, int y)
    {
    switch (key) {
    case 'd':
    day = (day + 10) % 360;
    glutPostRedisplay();
    break;
    case 'D':
    day = (day - 10) % 360;
    glutPostRedisplay();
    break;
    case 'y':
    year = (year + 5) % 360;
    glutPostRedisplay();
    break;
    case 'Y':
    year = (year - 5) % 360;
    glutPostRedisplay();
    break;
    case 27:
    exit(0);
    break;
    default: break;}}
    Making a Robot Arm
    void display(void)
    { glPushMatrix();//outter push
    glTranslatef (-1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
    glRotatef ((GLfloat) shoulder, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
    glTranslatef (1.0, 0.0, 0.0);

    glPushMatrix();//inner push 1 of Shoulder


    glScalef (2.0, 0.4, 1.0);//Same Size of both elbow and Shoulder
    glutWireCube (1.0);//Shoulder Cube
    glPopMatrix();//pop 1

    glTranslatef (1.0, 0.0, 0.0);


    glRotatef ((GLfloat) elbow, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
    glTranslatef (1.0, 0.0, 0.0);

    glPushMatrix();//inner push 2 of shoulder


    glScalef (2.0, 0.4, 1.0);//Same Size of both elbow and Shoulder
    glutWireCube (1.0);//Elbow Cube
    glPopMatrix();//pop 1
    glPopMatrix();
    Making the Shoulder and elbow move
    void keyboard (unsigned char key, int x, int y)
    {
    switch (key) {
    case 's':
    shoulder = (shoulder + 5) % 360;
    glutPostRedisplay();
    break;
    case 'S':
    shoulder = (shoulder - 5) % 360;
    glutPostRedisplay();
    break;
    case 'e':
    elbow = (elbow + 5) % 360;
    glutPostRedisplay();
    break;
    case 'E':
    elbow = (elbow - 5) % 360;
    glutPostRedisplay();
    break;
    default:
    break;
    }
    }
    THANKS!
    Any questions?
    You can find me at anumkaleem@gmail.com

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