Code Switching

CODE SWITCHING
AND
CODE MIXING
OBJECTIVES:
 Identify the terms: Code, Code Switching and

Code Mixing
 Compare and contrast code switching and

code mixing
 Determine the functions of code switching

and code mixing in communication
STUDY THE SENTENCE: WHICH IS WHICH?
A. Code Mixing
Sometimes, I start a sentence in English and

nagtatapos sa Tagalog.
(Sometimes, I start a sentence in English and
finish it in Tagalog.)
Code Switching
B.
Teacher: Bring out your notebook and let
us check your assignment.
Student: Ma’am, I don’t have assignment.
Teacher: Bakit wala kang takdang-
aralin? (Why don’t you have
assignment?)
Student: Nakalimutan ko pong gawin. (I
forgot to make it.)
CODE Definition of Key Terms
In sociolinguistics refers to a language or a language

variety.
(languagelinguistics.com/2018/02/06/difference-code-mixing-code-switching)
Ex: English, Spanish, Mandarin, et
CODE SWITCHING
 “a common term for alternative use of 2 or more codes
(languages), varieties of language or speech styles”.
(Hymes, 1971)
 change of language occurs at sentence levels, where
each clause or sentence is in one language or the
other.(Intersentential) Jurnal Dakwah Tabligh, Vol. 13, No. 1, Juni
2012 : 123 - 135
CODE SWITCHING
 Involves inserting whole utterances in a second
non-dominant language during conversation.
CODE SWITCHING
CODE MIXING
 Occurs when the speaker uses 2 languages together
in the course of single utterance.
 Limited to the shift of codes found within one and
the same clause or sentence.
 Takes place without a change in topic and can involve
various levels of language such as phonology,
morphology and grammatical structure. Jacobson
proposed that the choice of code when mixing, relates
to the sociological (context situation), psychological
(cognition, production and processing of mixed codes)
and linguistic (interaction of the two or more
grammar) dimension of code mixing.
 May be in the form of borrowing or using pieces of
foreign languages
Word or phrase
CODE MIXING
 The base code is normally dominant and the speaker
use the second code in additive fashion.
Ex: Kris Aquino
WHY DO WE SWITCH CODES?
 Lack of Register- a speaker may not be able to

express himself in one language so he switches to the
other to compensate for the deficiency.
 To show identity with a group- commonly occurs
when an individual wishes to express solidarity with
a particular social group. Rapport is established
between the speaker and listener when the listener
responds with a similar switch or code.
 To exclude others- in a conversation, switching
code may exclude others who do not speak the second
language which ensures the privacy of information.
 To convey- code switching occurs when the speaker wants
to convey his attitude and ideas to the listener.
According to Trudgill, “Speakers switch to manipulate or
influence or define the situation as they wish and to convey
nuances of meaning and personal intention.”
 Reason for code switching is based on point of view of

sociolinguistics such as:
 The speaker- Who is he? What is his purpose?

 The listener/audience- Who is he? What language will serve
as vessel to affect and influence him? How about his experiences
and educational background?
 The changing condition because of the third person-
exclusion of the people who are not involved and shouldn’t be
involved
 The changing from formal to informal- the speech event
is extended because the speaker wishes to elaborate an idea by
means of letting the listener feel the sense of belongingness and
familiarity.
WHY DO WE MIX CODES?
 Borrowing- the speaker borrows specific word from

one language to express an exact meaning.
Ex: Filipinos practice the ‘bahala na’ system.
Ang mga Pilipino ay mahilig gumamit ng Internet.
 Interjection- Ex: Yes! Panalo tayo
Badtrip naman.
 Additive Fashion- Ex: Where are you na? Here na
me.
Ang daming learning today!
ARGUMENTS:
 Who mix and switch code in communication?
 Bilingual or multilingual people have the ability
to use 2 or more languages in a bilingual or
multilingual community
 When to avoid language change?
 Many bilingual speakers try to avoid and be

very conscious about their language
change when talking to strangers or on formal
occasions.
 How is conversational code mixing viewed by others?
 It is not just brought about by laziness and/or

ignorance but rather, it requires the speaker to
have a sophisticated knowledge of both languages
and be aware of community norms
HOW IS CODE SWITCHING MANIFESTED
IN THE CLASSROOM?
 Topic Switch
The teacher switches from English to Tagalog
for the sake of the students to understand a certain
keypoint in the lesson. For instance in grammar,
the rule may be stated in English but the
explanation and technique is sometimes inevitably
explained further in Tagalog. In this case, the
bridge from the known to unknown is constructed
in order to transfer new content and meaning.
As suggested by Cole: ‘a teacher can exploit

the student’s previous experience L1 learning
experience to increase their understanding of L2.
Affective Function
Switching is made for expression of emotion.
This is to build solidarity ad healthy relationship
with the students.
 Repetitive Function
Switching is made in order to transfer the
necessary knowledge to the students for clarity.
(Translation)
SUMMARY:
Intersentential Within a sentence

Whole utterances
Special effect Borrowing

LANGUAGE
Informal
Intrasentential
purposeful
Single utterance
REFERENCES:
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org.com
www.google.com
www.slideplayer.com
Thank you for listening!
Magandang buhay!
Amethyst T. Cacho
Feb. 16, 2019

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CODE SWITCHING

 Identify the terms: Code, Code Switching and

 Compare and contrast code switching and

 Determine the functions of code switching

Sometimes, I start a sentence in English and

In sociolinguistics refers to a language or a language

Ex: English, Spanish, Mandarin, et

 Lack of Register- a speaker may not be able to

 Reason for code switching is based on point of view of

 The speaker- Who is he? What is his purpose?

 Borrowing- the speaker borrows specific word from

 Many bilingual speakers try to avoid and be

 It is not just brought about by laziness and/or

As suggested by Cole: ‘a teacher can exploit

Intersentential Within a sentence

Special effect Borrowing

Feb. 16, 2019

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