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Atp

ATP transfers energy within cells through chemical reactions involving its conversion between ATP and ADP. ATP contains three phosphate groups and is the body's main source of energy, being used to power various cellular processes. When a phosphate is removed, ATP becomes the lower energy ADP, but ADP can regain a phosphate through cellular respiration to re-form high-energy ATP. This ATP-ADP cycle allows the constant transfer and use of biochemical energy within living systems.

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245 views

Atp

ATP transfers energy within cells through chemical reactions involving its conversion between ATP and ADP. ATP contains three phosphate groups and is the body's main source of energy, being used to power various cellular processes. When a phosphate is removed, ATP becomes the lower energy ADP, but ADP can regain a phosphate through cellular respiration to re-form high-energy ATP. This ATP-ADP cycle allows the constant transfer and use of biochemical energy within living systems.

Uploaded by

Sheba Hernandez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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• H.B.3.A.

1 Develop and use models to explain how


chemical reactions among ATP, ADP, and inorganic
phosphate act to transfer chemical energy within cells.
• B-3.3 Recognize the overall structure of adenosine
triphosphate (ATP)---namely, adenine, the sugar ribose,
and three phosphate groups ---and summarize its
function including the ATP-ADP [adenosine
diphosphate] cycle
ATP: The Cell’s Currency
 Life processes require a constant supply of energy.
 Cells use energy that is stored in the bonds of certain
organic molecules.
 Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a molecule that
transfers energy from the breakdown of food
molecules to cell processes.
ATP: Structure
 Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the most important
biological molecule that supplies energy to the cell.
 A molecule of ATP is composed of three parts bonded
together by “high energy” bonds:
1. A nitrogenous base (adenine)
2. • A sugar (ribose)
3. • Three phosphate groups (triphosphate)
5

ATP
Adenine Ribose 3 Phosphate groups
ATP-ADP Cycle
 The energy stored in ATP is released when a phosphate group is
removed from the molecule.
 ATP has three phosphate groups, but the bond holding the third
phosphate groups is very easily broken.
 When the phosphate is removed, ATP becomes ADP—
adenosine diphosphate
 A phosphate is released into the cytoplasm and energy is
released.
 ADP is a lower energy molecule than ATP, but can be converted
to ATP by the addition of a phosphate group.
 ATP → ADP + phosphate + energy available for cell processes
How do you “recharge” the battery?
 ADP is continually converted to ATP by the addition of a
phosphate during the process of cellular respiration.
 ATP carries much more energy than ADP.
 As the cell requires more energy, it uses energy from the
breakdown of food molecules to attach a free phosphate
group to an ADP molecule in order to make ATP.
ADP + phosphate + energy from breakdown of food
molecules→ ATP
When is ATP used?
 ATP is consumed in the cell by energy-requiring
processes and can be generated by energy-releasing
processes.
 In this way ATP transfers energy between separate
biochemical reactions in the cell.
 ATP is the main energy source for the majority of cellular
functions.
 This includes the production of organic molecules,
including DNA and, and proteins.
 ATP also plays a critical role in the transport of organic
molecules across cell membranes, for example during
exocytosis and endocytosis
Types of Reactions
 Exergonic(energy-yielding)
 Produces ATP
 Ex. Cellular respiration
 Endergonic (energy-requiring) reactions
 Requires ATP
 Ex. Photosynthesis
ATP VS ADP
ATP ADP

Main energy source for the cell Contains Less energy

Contains 3 phosphate groups Contains 2 phosphate groups


(triphosphate) (diphosphate)

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