Nationalism

in india
 Name—uday goyal
10th-B
ROLL NO. 19
SUBMITTED TO– MRS. Kiran Mam

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 introduction

We study these topics:

1. THE FIRST WORLD WAR,

2. DIFFERING STRANDS
WITHIN THE MOVEMENT

4. THE SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING

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 1.
THE FIRST WORLD WAR, KHILAFAT
AND NON-- COOPERATION
 THE FIRST WORLD WAR
The First Word War played an important role in shaping India’s
freedom struggle in the following ways:
1) Increase in defense expenditure which led to increase in taxes,
custom duties, prices and income tax introduced.
2) Prices increased dramatically which led to extreme hardship
for common people.
3) Due to the failure of crops and famines and epidemics, the
shortage of food was occur and created resentment among the
people of India against the foreign rule.

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 SATYAGRAHA
 The idea of satyagraha emphasised the power truth and the
need to search for truth.
 It suggested that if the cause true, if the struggle was against
injustice, then physical force was not necessary to fight the
oppressor.
 Gandhi believed that it could unite all Indian.
 In 1916, Gandhiji organised a satyagraha against the
oppressive plantation in Champaran(Bihar).
 In 1918, Gandhiji organised a Satyagraha against the cotton mill
worker in Ahmedabad.

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Big concept
Gandhiji along with hisvolunteers

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 ROWLATT ACT
© In 1919, the Rowlatt act was passed by British government.
©This act gave government enormous powers for repress political
activities and allowed detention of political prisoners without trial
for 2 years.
©Opposition:
Gandhi started Civil Disobedience Movement for opposing the
Rowlatt Act.
Shops were closed down, rallies were organised and workers were
went on strike.
On 10th April, 1919 in Amritsar widespread attacks on banks, post
offices and railways took place.

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Justice Rowlatt
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 NON–COOPERATION
 Non– Cooperation movement began in January 1921.
 Various social groups participated in this Movement.
 All social groups fought together for Swaraj but it meant
differently from group to group.
 Gandhiji declared that British rule was established in India
with the cooperation of Indians, if the Indians refused to
cooperate, then the Swaraj would come and British rule would
be collapsed.

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 2.
DIFFERING STRANDS WITHIN THE
MOVEMENT

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 THE MOVEMENT IN THE TOWNS
 This movement has started with middle-class participation in
the cities and towns.
 People started boycotting foreign goods and the government
offices which were controlled by Britishers.
 Indian textile (Khadi) was been used by people but it was more
expensive than the foreign textile.
 Poor people could not afford to buy it and after a few time,
people started using Government court and schools.

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 REBELLION IN THE COUNTRYSIDE
 The Non-Cooperation movement spread to the countryside
from the cities.
 In Awadh, peasants were led by Baba Ramachandra who was a
sanyasi had earlier been to Fiji as an indentured labourer.
 This movement was against the landlords and talukdars who
demanded from peasants high rents and a variety of other
taxes or levy.
 The houses of talukdars and merchants were attacked, bazaars
were looted, and grain hoards were taken over.
 The peasant movement, however, developed in forms that the
Congress leadership was unhappy with.

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REBELLION IN THE COUNTRYSIDE
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 3.
TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

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 SIMON COMMISSION
 It was constituted by the Tory Government of Britain under
pressure of mass movements in India.
 Sir John Simon was the Chairman of the Commission.
 The Commission was to look into the functioning of the
constitutional system in India and suggest changes.
 The problem was that the commission did not have a single
Indian member.
 When the Simon arrived in India in 1928, it was greeted with
the slogan ‘Go back Simon’.
 Because of this, In 1930, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar established the
Depressed Classes Association.

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 THE CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT
 Gandhiji chose salt as the medium for protesting against the
British rule as salt was something consumed by the rich and
the poor alike, and it was one of the most essential items of the
food.
 On 31st January 1930, Gandhi sent a letter to Viceroy Irwin
stating eleven demands ranging from industrialists to peasants.
The most of the demands was the abolition of salt tax.
 The Government was asked to accept the demands by 11th
March, or else a full civil disobedience campaign would be
launched.
 SALT MARCH
 Marked the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement.
Gandhi started his famous salt march 78 of his trusted
volunteers.
 Started from Gandhi’s ashram in Sabarmati to the Gujarati
coastal town of Dandi, spanning a distance of 240 miles.
 On 6th April 1930, Mahatma Gandhi reached Dandi with
thousands of followers and ceremonially violated the law by
manufacturing salt from sea water by boiling it.

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Gandhiji with
his trusted Place your screenshot here
volunteers
going toward
dandi

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 GANDHI—IRWIN PACT AND END OF
MOVEMENT
 On 5th March, Gandhiji called off the movement entering into
a pact with Viceroy Lord Irwin. He consented to participate in
the Round Table Conference and the agreed to release the
political prisoners.
 In December 1931, Gandhiji went to London for the Second
Round Table Conference. The conference held was
unprofitable as nothing fruitful came out of it for India.

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 RE—LAUNCH OF THE MOVEMENT
 When Gandhi returned from the Round Table Conference he
discover that Ghaffar Khan and Nehru were in jail, the
Congress had been declared illegal, and a series of procedure
had been enforced to prevent meetings , demonstrations and
boycotts.
 With great apprehension, Mahatma Gandhi re-launched the
Civil Disobedience Movement in 1932 but by1934, it lost
momentum.

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 PARTICIPATION BY PEOPLE

 Rich Communities:
1. Rich peasant communities such as the Patidars of Gujarat and the
Jats of Uttar Pradesh took part in the movement. As they
produced commercial crop they were hit hard by Trade
depression and falling prices.
2. That cause a decrease in the cash income of these rich peasant
communities. So they decided to oppose the high revenue
demands of the Government through their participation in the
Civil Disobedience Movement.

 Poor Peasantry:
1. Poor peasantry were mainly small tenants that had rented land
from landlords.
2. They found difficulties in paying their rent due to the
depression and the decrease in the cash income, so they wanted
the unpaid rent to the landlord to be remitted.
3. They also had participated in many radicals movement led by
socialists.

 Business Class:
1. The business class wanted protection against imports of foreign
goods and a rupee- sterling foreign exchange ratio that would
discourage imports.
2. They formed the Indian Industrial and Commercial Congress in
1920 and the Federation of the Indian Chamber of Commerce
and Industries in 1927 and supported the Civil Disobedience
Movement.
  Industrial worker class:
1. They didn’t participated in large numbers except in the Nagpur
region.
2. But only some workers participated in the Civil Disobedience
Movement and in boycott of foreign goods.
 Women:
1. They participated in protest marches, manufactured salt and
picketed foreign cloth and liquor shops because of which many
went to jail.
2. There was large scale participation of women in the Civil
Disobedience Movement.

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 4.
THE SENSE OF COLLECTIVE
BELONGING
 People belonging to different communities, religion, region or
language groups develop a sense of collective belongings.
 In the 20thcentury the identity of India came to be visually
associated with the image of Bharat Mata.
 Abanindranath Tagore painted his famous image of Bharat
Mata and portrayed it as an ascetic figure, calm, composed,
divine and spiritual.
 In the1870s Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay wrote ‘Vande
Mataram’ as a hymn to the motherland.
 Another means of creating a feeling of nationalism was
through reinterpretation of history.
 Ideas of nationalism also developed through a movement to
revive Indian folklore.

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Bharat mata– it
is shown as the Place your screenshot here
identification
for india

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Thank you very
much to all

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