5thAnnual Meeting of the

Washington Group on
Disability Statistics
Presented by: CARMELITA N. ERICTA
Administrator, PNSO

Philippines National Statistics Office

1
 Importance of Disability Statistics
The Philippines recognizes the importance of
Disability Statistics:
a. In formulating plans for rehabilitation,
education and development of the “physically
challenged” individuals.
b. In the establishment of more government-
subsidized institutions that would cater to the
promotion of physical, emotional, and psycho-
social well-being of disabled persons
2
 Source of Disability Statistics
 The primary source of information on the
size, distribution and characteristics of
Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) in the
Philippines is the Census of Population and
Housing (CPH).

 Data items for capturing Disability Statistics

was first introduced during the Census of
Population and Housing in 1990.

3
 Source of Disability Statistics

For this census, disability refers to any

restriction or lack of ability (resulting from
an impairment) to perform an activity in
the manner or within the range
considered normal for human being.

 Based on the 2000 Census of Population

(CPH) and Housing results, the proportion of
Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) in the
Philippines was registered at 1.23 percent.
4
 Activities Related to Disability
Statistics
The Philippines National Statistics Office (PNSO)
undertook some testing for an effective data
gathering for Disability Statistics.

A. Pretests and Pilot Census for the 2005

Census of Population (POPCEN 2005).

B. WHO/UNESCAP Disability Question Set

Testing
5
 Pretest and Pilot Activities
A series of pretests and Pilot census were
conducted to test the effectiveness of the disability
questions as well as other data items to be
collected in the 2005 POPCEN

Pretest Number Location of Pretest Date of Pretest

Pretest 1 City of Manila March 11-12, 2004
Pretest 2 Rizal Province March 25-26, 2004
Pretest 3 Tarlac Province April 5-6, 2004
Ilocos Norte
Pilot Census May 2004
Davao Oriental

6
 Main Findings
The word ”disability” in the heading of the
question has somehow affected the way the
question is asked by the enumerators. Thus, it
was recommended to use “functional difficulty”
as replacement for the word “disability” to avoid
bias
 Extensive consultation and partnership with other
agencies and the local government units were
seen as essential strategies to ensure the
success of the undertaking.
7
 Pilot Census
Disability question for the Pilot Census:
Does ____________ have difficulty/problem in
Yes No
1. Seeing ?

2. Communication?

3. Hearing ?

4. Mental behavior ?

5. Managing daily
routine/moving/self-care?
8
 WHO/UNESCAP Disability
Question Set Testing

 The field test conducted for WHO/UNESCAP

provided insights as to the proper way of asking
questions and clearer concepts and procedures
to follow in collecting information on disability.

 It was conducted from May 30 to June 19, 2005

in five barangays (smallest political unit in the
Philippines).

9
 WHO/UNESCAP Disability
Question Set Testing
 From the sample households, all members
aged 18 years old and over were taken as
respondents.
 There were 1,057 respondents interviewed from
345 households.
 Data were collected through a personal
interview of the respondents.
 The questionnaire was translated in Filipino
language.
10
Results of the Pretest

11
WHO/UNESCAP Disability Question Set Testing

Number and Percent of Interviews by

Questionnaire Version
Questionnaire Number of
Percent
Version Interviews
Version A 556 52.60
Version B 501 47.40
Total 1,057 100.00

 The odd-even household serial number (household’s unique

identification) scheme adopted for determining which sample
households will be assigned with a particular version resulted
in 52.60 percent of interviews using Questionnaire Version A
and 47.40 percent using Questionnaire Version B. 12
WHO/UNESCAP Disability Question Set Testing

Number and Percent of Interviews by Type of

Respondent
Number of
Type of Respondent Percent
Interviews
Original Respondent 1,035 97.92
Proxy Respondent 22 2.08
Total 1,057 100.00

 Only 2.08 percent of interviews were conducted to proxy

respondents. Proxy respondents responded on behalf of the
original respondents who in a way or another, had difficulty
communicating due to health condition, language barrier or
disability. 13
 Profile of the Respondents of the
WHO/UNESCAP Disability Question Set Testing

Number and Percent of Interviews by Sex

Number of
Sex Percent
Respondents
Female 615 58.18
Male 442 41.82
Total 1,057 100.00

 There were more female respondents than

males (58.18 %)
14
 Profile of the Respondents of the
WHO/UNESCAP Disability Question Set Testing

 Around 35.57 percent of the respondents are

less than 30 years old.
 Those 62 years old and above comprised for
9.27 percent.
 The median age is 36 years old.

15
 Profile of the Respondents of the
WHO/UNESCAP Disability Question Set Testing
Number and Percent of Respondents by Age Group
Number of
Age Group Percent
Respondents
18-21 143 13.53
22-25 111 10.50
26-29 122 11.54
30-33 86 8.14
34-37 97 9.18
38-41 97 9.18
42-45 105 9.93
46-49 70 6.62
50-53 61 5.77
54-57 45 4.26
58-61 22 2.08
62-65 19 1.80
66-69 13 1.23
70 and above 66 6.24
Total 1,057 100.00 16
 Profile of the Respondents of the
WHO/UNESCAP Disability Question Set Testing
 The largest proportion of respondents (28.57
percent) had spent 10 years in school, which is
equivalent to high school completion in the
Philippines.
 Those who spent six years accounted for 14.57
percent.
 Respondents with more than 17 years spent in
school made up of 2.55 percent. “Cannot
remember” reached 1.42 percent. These are the
respondents who could not remember the number of
years they spent in school, college or university.
17
 Profile of the Respondents of the
WHO/UNESCAP Disability Question Set Testing
Number and Percent of Respondents by Years Spent Studying in School
Years Spent in School Number of Respondents Percent
0 3 0.28
1 3 0.28
2 13 1.23
3 19 1.80
4 26 2.46
5 29 2.74
6 154 14.57
7 41 3.88
8 62 5.87
9 55 5.20
10 302 28.57
11 59 5.58
12 105 9.93
13 28 2.65
14 70 6.62
15 30 2.84
16 16 1.51
17 and over 27 2.55
Can’t Remember 15 1.42
Total 1,057 100.00 18
 Profile of the Respondents of the
WHO/UNESCAP Disability Question Set Testing
Number and Percent of Respondents by Current Marital
Status
Number of
Marital Status Percent
Respondents
Never Married 270 25.54
Currently Married 630 59.60
Separated 34 3.22
Divorced 2 0.19
Widowed 76 7.19
Cohabiting 41 3.88
Not Reported 4 0.38
Total 1,057 100.00

 More than half of the respondents are currently married (59.60 percent).
 Less than half of that (25.54 percent) are never married.
19
 Profile of the Respondents of the
WHO/UNESCAP Disability Question Set Testing

 Majority of the respondents were employed

either as paid workers (34.25 percent) or self-
employed (22.71 percent).
 There were 25.83 percent who identified
themselves as housekeepers/homemakers.
 Few were students at 4.07 percent.
 However, 8.80 percent of the respondents
were unemployed for health and other
reasons.
20
 Profile of the Respondents of the
WHO/UNESCAP Disability Question Set Testing
Number and Percent of Respondents by Main Work Status
Number of
Main Work Status Percent
Respondents
Paid Work 362 34.25
Self Employed 240 22.71
Non Paid Work 4 0.38
Student 43 4.07
Keeping House/Homemaker 273 25.83
Retired 37 3.50
Unemployed (health reasons) 23 2.18
Unemployed (other reasons) 70 6.62
Others 5 0.47
Total 1,057 100.00
21
 Results of the WHO/UNESCAP Disability
Question Set Testing

 Close to 80 percent of the respondents indicated no

difficulty in seeing (W1), hearing (W2), walking or
climbing steps (W3), remembering or concentrating
(W4), washing all over or dressing (W5) and
communicating (W6).
 There are fewer respondents (below three percent)
who experienced a lot of difficulties in the said
activities while others are unable to perform said
activities.

22
 Results of the WHO/UNESCAP Disability
Question Set Testing

Number and Percent of Respondents by Scale of Difficulty for Items W1 to W6

Question Number and Percent of Respondents by Scale of Difficulty
Item
No Percent Some Percent A Lot Percent Unable Percent
W1 820 77.58 206 19.49 14 1.32 5 0.47
W2 940 88.93 99 9.37 3 0.28 3 0.28
W3 816 77.20 199 18.83 24 2.27 5 0.47
W4 817 77.29 200 18.92 20 1.89 5 0.47
W5 1,001 94.70 31 2.93 5 0.47 7 0.66
W6 914 86.47 113 10.69 11 1.04 5 0.47
Total number of respondents is 1,057.
Not Reported response ranges from 1.14 to 1.42 percent.

23
 Results of the WHO/UNESCAP Disability
Question Set Testing
 The highest number of respondents who suffered mild and
moderate difficulties on their specific body functions at 35.57
percent and 16.18 percent, respectively, referred to bodily aches
and pains (B1.1).
 Sleeping problems (B1.15) got the most number of respondents
with severe difficulty at 4.07 percent while 0.85 percent of the
respondents have extreme difficulty in seeing and recognizing an
object at arm’s length or in reading (B1.7).
 Those who replied that coughing or wheezing for 10 minutes or
more at a time (B1.14) is not applicable (NA) reached 1.42
percent. Those were the individuals who did not experience the
said difficulty within the reference period.
24
 Results of the WHO/UNESCAP Disability
Question Set Testing
Number and Percent of Respondents by Scale of Difficulty for Items B1.1 to B1.9

Number and Percent of Respondents by Scale of Difficulty

Item Extreme/
No Percent Mild Percent Moderate Percent Severe Percent Cannot Percent
Do
B1.1 475 44.94 376 35.57 171 16.18 29 2.74 4 0.38
B1.2 545 51.56 315 29.80 168 15.89 21 1.99 6 0.57
B1.3 784 74.17 174 16.46 80 7.57 15 1.42 2 0.19
B1.4 951 89.97 59 5.58 33 3.12 10 0.95 2 0.19
B1.5 863 81.65 125 11.83 54 5.11 9 0.85 4 0.38
B1.6 756 71.52 180 17.03 92 8.70 19 1.80 8 0.76
B1.7 830 78.52 124 11.73 72 6.81 20 1.89 9 0.85
B1.8 788 74.55 186 17.60 65 6.15 9 0.85 7 0.66
B1.9 879 83.16 118 11.16 48 4.54 4 0.38 5 0.47

Not Reported response ranges from 0.19 to 0.28 percent.

25
 Results of the WHO/UNESCAP Disability
Question Set Testing
Number and Percent of Respondents by Scale of Difficulty for Items B1.10 to B1.17

Number and Percent of Respondents by Scale of Difficulty

Item Extreme/
No Percent Mild Percent Moderate Percent Severe Percent Cannot Percent
Do
B1.10 868 82.12 106 10.03 68 6.43 11 1.04 2 0.19
B1.11 926 87.61 77 7.28 45 4.26 5 0.47 1 0.09
B1.12 806 76.25 149 14.10 83 7.85 14 1.32 3 0.28
B1.13 519 49.10 339 32.07 162 15.33 23 2.18 7 0.66
B1.14 668 63.20 204 19.30 127 12.02 31 2.93 1 0.09
B1.15 659 62.35 211 19.96 133 12.58 43 4.07 5 0.47
B1.16 764 72.28 176 16.75 90 8.51 15 1.42 6 0.57
B1.17 690 65.28 236 21.76 102 9.65 20 1.89 8 0.76

26
 Results of the WHO/UNESCAP Disability
Question Set Testing
Understanding and Communication

 There were respondents who experienced mild, moderate to

severe difficulty in analyzing and finding solutions to
problems in day to day life (D1.3) with 28.19 percent, 14.85
percent and 2.65 percent, respectively.
 1.32 percent had extreme difficulty in learning a new task
(D1.4).
 0.09 percent of the respondents refused to answer items
D1.3 to D1.6 because he/she found these questions to be
redundant and repetitive.
27
 Results of the WHO/UNESCAP Disability
Question Set Testing
Number and Percent of Respondents by Scale of Difficulty for Items D1.1 to D1.6

Number and Percent of Respondents by Scale of Difficulty

Item Extreme/
No Percent Mild Percent Moderate Percent Severe Percent Cannot Percent
Do
D1.1 738 69.82 204 19.30 95 8.99 9 0.85 6 0.57
D1.2 679 64.24 263 24.88 87 8.23 21 1.99 5 0.47
D1.3 562 53.17 298 28.19 157 14.85 28 2.65 9 0.85
D1.4 697 65.94 230 21.76 96 9.08 15 1.42 14 1.32
D1.5 780 73.79 182 17.22 72 6.81 8 0.76 9 0.85
D1.6 803 75.97 155 14.66 79 7.47 5 0.47 10 0.95

Don’t Know responses for D1.1 (0.19 percent), D1.5 (0.19) and D1.6 (0.09 percent)
Refusal for D1.3 (0.09 percent), D1.4 (0.09 percent), D1.5 (0.09 percent) and D1.6 (0.09 percent)
Not Reported response ranges from 0.09 percent to 0.28 percent.

28
 Results of the WHO/UNESCAP Disability
Question Set Testing
Getting Around

 Almost 60 percent of the respondents had no difficulty in

getting around.
 From mild to moderate difficulties, there were respondents
who experienced them both in standing for long periods
(D2.1) at 21.76 percent and 12.30 percent, respectively.
 Posted at 3.97 percent and 2.37 percent, respectively, these
respondents revealed to have severe and extreme difficulties
in walking a long distance (D2.5).

29
 Results of the WHO/UNESCAP Disability
Question Set Testing
Number and Percent of Respondents by Scale of Difficulty for Items D2.1 to D2.5

Number and Percent of Respondents by Scale of Difficulty

Item Extreme/
No Percent Mild Percent Moderate Percent Severe Percent Cannot Percent
Do
D2.1 664 62.82 230 21.76 130 12.30 20 1.89 10 0.95
D2.2 755 71.43 185 17.50 85 8.04 24 2.27 5 0.47
D2.3 849 80.32 110 10.41 84 7.95 5 0.47 6 0.57
D2.4 907 85.81 80 7.57 53 5.01 8 0.76 6 0.57
D2.5 629 59.51 229 21.67 124 11.73 42 3.97 25 2.37

Refusal for all items at 0.09 percent

Not Reported response for all items at 0.19 percent

30
 Results of the WHO/UNESCAP Disability
Question Set Testing
Self Care
Number and Percent of Respondents by Scale of Difficulty for Items D3.1 to D3.4

Number and Percent of Respondents by Scale of Difficulty

Item Extreme/
No Percent Mild Percent Moderate Percent Severe Percent Cannot Percent
Do
D3.1 988 93.47 32 3.03 17 1.61 9 0.85 7 0.66
D3.2 1,003 94.89 22 2.08 16 1.51 5 0.47 7 0.66
D3.3 975 92.59 47 4.46 17 1.61 4 0.38 4 0.38
D3.4 830 78.52 133 12.58 62 5.87 13 1.23 12 1.14
Refusal for all items at 0.09 percent
Not Reported response ranges from 0.28 percent to 0.47 percent.

 Most of the respondents replied that they did not have difficulty in taking
care of themselves. However, there were also respondents who reported
to have mild to extreme difficulty in staying alone for a few days (D3.4).
31
 Results of the WHO/UNESCAP Disability
Question Set Testing
Getting Along With People
Number and Percent of Respondents by Scale of Difficulty for Items D4.1 to D4.5

Number and Percent of Respondents by Scale of Difficulty

Item Extreme/
No Percent Mild Percent Moderate Percent Severe Percent Cannot Percent
Do
D4.1 683 64.82 236 22.23 107 10.12 13 1.23 10 0.95
D4.2 831 78.69 128 12.12 79 7.48 3 0.28 9 0.85
D4.3 895 84.67 86 8.14 59 5.58 3 0.28 9 0.85
D4.4 827 78.24 156 14.76 54 5.11 2 0.19 10 0.95
D4.5 635 60.08 85 8.04 62 5.87 6 0.57 7 0.66
Refusal for all items at 0.09 percent
Not Reported response ranges from 0.38 percent to 0.47 percent.

 Majority of the respondents, at least 60 percent, had no difficulty in getting along

with people. There were respondents who experienced difficulty from mild to
extreme in dealing with people they did not know (D4.1). A 24.03 percent of the
total number of respondents claimed the question on sexual activities was not
applicable to them. 32
 Results of the WHO/UNESCAP Disability
Question Set Testing
Life Activities

 Majority of the respondents (at least 57.99 percent), declared

that they did not have difficulty in these particular life
activities.
 On the contrary, 22.33 percent, 12.11 percent and 1.04
percent attested to have mild, moderate and severe
difficulties in taking care of their household responsibilities
(D5.1).
 1.14 percent of the total number of respondents experienced
extreme difficulty in getting all the household work done that
they needed to do (D5.3). 33
 Results of the WHO/UNESCAP Disability
Question Set Testing
Life Activities

 19 percent of the total number of respondents reported that

questions on work and school related activities (D5.5 to
D5.8) were not applicable to them. These were respondents
who were either keeping the house/homemaker or
unemployed.

34
 Results of the WHO/UNESCAP Disability
Question Set Testing
Number and Percent of Respondents by Scale of Difficulty for Items D5.1 to D5.8

Number and Percent of Respondents by Scale of Difficulty

Item Extreme/
No Percent Mild Percent Moderate Percent Severe Percent Cannot Percent
Do
D5.1 661 62.54 235 22.23 128 12.11 11 1.04 11 1.04
D5.2 752 71.14 173 16.37 98 9.29 11 1.04 7 0.66
D5.3 714 67.55 196 18.54 107 10.12 10 0.95 12 1.14
D5.4 707 66.89 204 19.30 107 10.12 11 1.04 9 0.85
D5.5 474 73.04 96 9.08 60 9.24 4 0.62 6 0.92
D5.6 641 60.64 125 11.83 86 8.14 5 0.47 4 0.38
D5.7 616 58.28 137 12.96 86 8.14 9 0.85 5 0.47
D5.8 613 57.99 130 12.30 98 9.27 8 0.76 6 0.57

Refusal for all items at 0.09 percent

Not Reported response ranges from 0.28 percent to 1.23 percent

35
 Results of the WHO/UNESCAP Disability
Question Set Testing
Participation in Society

 More than 60 percent of the respondents found no problem in

participation in society.
 There were respondents (21.67 percent) who were mildly affected
emotionally by their health condition (D6.5).
 There were also 11.64 percent and 2.93 percent of the total
number of respondents whose financial resources were
moderately and severely affected by their health condition (D6.6).
 Another 1.14 percent of the respondents acknowledged having
extreme difficulty in joining community activities (D6.1).

36
 Results of the WHO/UNESCAP Disability
Question Set Testing
Number and Percent of Respondents by Scale of Difficulty for Items D6.1 to D6.8

Number and Percent of Respondents by Scale of Difficulty

Item Extreme/
No Percent Mild Percent Moderate Percent Severe Percent Cannot Percent
Do
D6.1 693 65.56 192 18.16 94 8.89 14 1.32 12 1.14
D6.2 729 68.97 217 20.53 72 6.81 19 1.80 11 1.04
D6.3 804 76.06 162 15.33 68 6.43 7 0.66 6 0.57
D6.4 699 66.13 205 19.39 115 10.88 18 1.70 6 0.57
D6.5 687 65.00 229 21.67 95 8.99 24 2.27 10 0.95
D6.6 681 64.43 201 19.02 123 11.64 31 2.27 10 0.95
D6.7 727 68.78 180 17.03 103 9.74 26 2.93 10 0.95
D6.8 813 76.92 137 12.96 77 7.28 9 2.46 11 1.04

Refusal for all items at 0.09 percent

Not Reported response ranges from 0.38 percent to 0.76 percent

37
 Results of the WHO/UNESCAP Disability
Question Set Testing
Need for Assistance
Number and Percent of Respondents by Scale of Difficulty for Items E1 to E3

Number and Percent of Respondents by Scale of Difficulty

Item
No Percent Yes, Sometimes Percent Yes, Always Percent
E1 996 94.23 41 3.88 16 1.51
E2 1,009 95.46 31 2.93 13 1.23
E3 965 91.30 71 6.72 17 1.61

Refusal for all items at 0.38 percent

 Most of the respondents reported no assistance needed. But

there were 6.72 percent of the respondents who sometimes
needed assistance for communication activities (E3). A few
respondents (1.61 percent) admitted they always needed
assistance for the same activity. 38
 Results of the WHO/UNESCAP Disability
Question Set Testing
Need for Assistance

 Although most of them needed no help or supervision (E4a is Yes

for no need for help or supervision) with 88.84 percent.
 A few needed help or supervision due to short-term health
condition (E4b) with 4.54 percent.
 Caused by long-term health condition (E4c) with 2.55 percent.
 By reason of disability (E4d) with 1.99 percent.
 Because of old or young age (E4e) with 3.97 percent and
 On account of difficulty with the language (E4f) with 4.07 percent.

39
 Results of the WHO/UNESCAP Disability
Question Set Testing

Number and Percent of Respondents by Scale of Difficulty for Items E4a to E4g
Number and Percent of Respondents by Scale of Difficulty
Item
No Percent Yes Percent
E4a 114 10.79 939 88.84
E4b 1,005 95.80 48 4.54
E4c 1,026 97.07 57 2.55
E4d 1,032 97.63 21 1.99
E4e 1,011 96.65 42 3.97
E4f 1,010 95.55 43 4.07
E4g 1,035 97.92 17 1.61
Refusal for all items at 0.38 percent

40
 WHO/UNESCAP Disability
Question Set Testing
Philippines: Cross tabulation of Question Set 1 (WG) and
Question Set 2 (WHO/UNESCAP)
(n = 1,057)
Seeing (W1) * Seeing a per son acr oss the r oad (B1.6) Crosstabulation

Seeing a pers on
acros s the road (B1.6)
Yes No Total
Seeing Yes Count 155 70 225
(W1) % of Total 14.7% 6.6% 21.3%
No Count 144 688 832
% of Total 13.6% 65.1% 78.7%
Total Count 299 758 1057
% of Total 28.3% 71.7% 100.0%

W1. Do you have difficulty seeing, even if wearing glasses?

B1.6 How much difficulty did you have in seeing and recognizing a person you
know across the road? (take into account eye glasses, if you wear them)
Read the brackets if you see respondent wearing glasses.
41
 WHO/UNESCAP Disability
Question Set Testing
Philippines: Cross tabulation of Question Set 1 (WG) and
Question Set 2 (WHO/UNESCAP)
(n = 1,057)
Seeing (W1) * Seeing an object at arm's length (B1.7) Crosstabulation

Seeing an object at
arm 's length (B1.7)
Yes No Total
Seeing Yes Count 118 107 225
(W1) % of Total 11.2% 10.1% 21.3%
No Count 107 725 832
% of Total 10.1% 68.6% 78.7%
Total Count 225 832 1057
% of Total 21.3% 78.7% 100.0%

W1. Do you have difficulty seeing, even if wearing glasses?

B1.7 How much difficulty did you have in seeing and recognizing an object at arm’s
length or in reading? (take into account eye glasses, if you wear them)
Read the brackets if you see respondent wearing glasses.
42
 WHO/UNESCAP Disability
Question Set Testing
Philippines: Cross tabulation of Question Set 1 (WG) and
Question Set 2 (WHO/UNESCAP)
(n = 1,057)
Hearing (W2) * Hearing someone talking (B1.8) Crosstabulation

Heari ng s om eone
talking (B1.8)
Yes No Total
Heari ng Yes Count 86 19 105
(W2) % of Total 8.1% 1.8% 9.9%
No Count 181 771 952
% of Total 17.1% 72.9% 90.1%
Total Count 267 790 1057
% of Total 25.3% 74.7% 100.0%

W2 Do you have difficulty hearing, even if using a hearing aid?

B1.8 How much difficulty did you have in hearing someone talking on the other
side of the room in a normal voice? (take into account hearing aids, if you
use them)
Read the brackets if you see respondent using hearing aid.. 43
 WHO/UNESCAP Disability
Question Set Testing
Philippines: Cross tabulation of Question Set 1 (WG) and
Question Set 2 (WHO/UNESCAP)
(n = 1,057)
Hea ring (W2 ) * He ar ing w hat is s aid in quite r oom (B1 .9) Cross ta bula tion

Hea ri ng wha t i s sa id in
q uite ro om (B1 .9 )
Yes No Tota l
Hea ri ng Yes Cou n t 60 45 1 05
(W2 ) % with in He ari ng wh at is
3 4.3 % 5 .1% 9 .9%
s aid i n q u ite ro o m (B1.9)
% o f To tal 5 .7% 4 .3% 9 .9%
No Cou n t 1 15 8 37 9 52
% with in He ari ng wh at is
6 5.7 % 9 4.9 % 9 0.1 %
s aid i n q u ite ro o m (B1.9)
% o f To tal 1 0.9 % 7 9.2 % 9 0.1 %
Tota l Cou n t 1 75 8 82 1 05 7
% with in He ari ng wh at is
1 00 .0 % 1 00 .0 % 1 00 .0 %
s aid i n q u ite ro o m (B1.9)
% o f To tal 1 6.6 % 8 3.4 % 1 00 .0 %

W2 Do you have difficulty hearing, even if using a hearing aid?

B1.9 How much difficulty did you have in hearing what is said in a conversation with one
other person in a quiet room?(take into account hearing aids, if you use them)
Read the brackets if you see respondent using hearing aid.. 44
 WHO/UNESCAP Disability
Question Set Testing
Philippines: Cross tabulation of Question Set 1 (WG) and
Question Set 2 (WHO/UNESCAP)
(n = 1,057)
Hearing (W2) * Understanding what people say (D1.5) Crosstabulation

Understandi ng what
peopl e s ay (D1.5)
Yes No Total
Heari ng Yes Count 58 47 105
(W2) % of Total 5.5% 4.4% 9.9%
No Count 213 739 952
% of Total 20.2% 69.9% 90.1%
Total Count 271 786 1057
% of Total 25.6% 74.4% 100.0%

W2 Do you have difficulty hearing, even if using a hearing aid?

D1.5 How much difficulty did you have in generally understanding what people
say? 45
 WHO/UNESCAP Disability
Question Set Testing
Philippines: Cross tabulation of Question Set 1 (WG) and
Question Set 2 (WHO/UNESCAP)
(n = 1,057)
Hearing (W2) * Starting & maintaining a conversation (D1.6) Crosstabulation

Starting & m aintaining

a conversati on (D1.6)
Yes No Total
Heari ng Yes Count 54 51 105
(W2) % of Total 5.1% 4.8% 9.9%
No Count 195 757 952
% of Total 18.4% 71.6% 90.1%
Total Count 249 808 1057
% of Total 23.6% 76.4% 100.0%

W2 Do you have difficulty hearing, even if using a hearing aid?

D1.6 How much difficulty did you have in starting and maintaining a
conversation? 46
 WHO/UNESCAP Disability
Question Set Testing
Philippines: Cross tabulation of Question Set 1 (WG) and
Question Set 2 (WHO/UNESCAP)
(n = 1,057)
Hearing (W2) * Need for assisstance communication (E3) Cr osstabulation

Need for ass is stance

com m unication (E3)
Yes No Total
Heari ng Yes Count 30 75 105
(W2) % of Total 2.8% 7.1% 9.9%
No Count 58 894 952
% of Total 5.5% 84.6% 90.1%
Total Count 88 969 1057
% of Total 8.3% 91.7% 100.0%

W2 Do you have difficulty hearing, even if using a hearing aid?

E3 Do you ever need someone to help with, or be with you for,

communication activities?
For example: understanding, or being understood by, others. 47
 WHO/UNESCAP Disability
Question Set Testing
Philippines: Cross tabulation of Question Set 1 (WG) and
Question Set 2 (WHO/UNESCAP)
(n = 1,057)
Walking or climbing steps (W3) * Walking a long distance >1km (B2.5) Crosstabulation

Walking a long
distance >1km (B2.5)
Yes No Total
Walking or climbing Yes Count 168 60 228
s teps (W3) % of Total 15.9% 5.7% 21.6%
No Count 251 578 829
% of Total 23.7% 54.7% 78.4%
Total Count 419 638 1057
% of Total 39.6% 60.4% 100.0%

W3. Do you have difficulty walking or climbing steps?

D2.5 How much difficulty did you have in walking a long distance such as a
kilometre [or equivalent]? 48
 WHO/UNESCAP Disability
Question Set Testing
Philippines: Cross tabulation of Question Set 1 (WG) and
Question Set 2 (WHO/UNESCAP)
(n = 1,057)
Walking or climbing steps (W3) * Need for assistance: Movement (E2)
Crosstabulation

Need for ass is tance:

Movem ent (E2)
Yes No Total
Walki ng or clim bing Yes Count 31 197 228
s teps (W3) % of Total 2.9% 18.6% 21.6%
No Count 13 816 829
% of Total 1.2% 77.2% 78.4%
Total Count 44 1013 1057
% of Total 4.2% 95.8% 100.0%

W3. Do you have difficulty walking or climbing steps?

E2 Do you ever need someone to help with, or be with you for, body movement
activities?
For example: getting out of bed, moving around at home or at places away
49
from home.
 WHO/UNESCAP Disability
Question Set Testing
Philippines: Cross tabulation of Question Set 1 (WG) and
Question Set 2 (WHO/UNESCAP)
(n = 1,057)
Remembering or concentrating (W 4) * Concentrating doing something (D1.1)
Crosstabulation

Concentrating doing
s om ething (D1.1)
Yes No Total
Rem em bering or Yes Count 123 102 225
concentrating (W4) % of Total 11.6% 9.6% 21.3%
No Count 191 641 832
% of Total 18.1% 60.6% 78.7%
Total Count 314 743 1057
% of Total 29.7% 70.3% 100.0%

W4 Do you have difficulty remembering or concentrating?

D1.1 How much difficulty did you have in concentrating on doing
something for ten minutes?
50
 WHO/UNESCAP Disability
Question Set Testing
Philippines: Cross tabulation of Question Set 1 (WG) and
Question Set 2 (WHO/UNESCAP)
(n = 1,057)
Remembering or concentrating (W4) * Remembering to do important things (D1.2)
Crosstabulation

Rem em beri ng to do
im portant things (D1.2)
Yes No Total
Rem em beri ng or Yes Count 155 70 225
concentrating (W4) % of Total 14.7% 6.6% 21.3%
No Count 221 611 832
% of Total 20.9% 57.8% 78.7%
Total Count 376 681 1057
% of Total 35.6% 64.4% 100.0%

W4 Do you have difficulty remembering or concentrating?

D1.1 How much difficulty did you have in remembering to do important
things?
51
 WHO/UNESCAP Disability
Question Set Testing
Philippines: Cross tabulation of Question Set 1 (WG) and
Question Set 2 (WHO/UNESCAP)
(n = 1,057)
Self care (W5) * Washing whole body (D3.1) Crosstabulation

Washing whol e body

(D3.1)
Yes No Total
Sel f care Yes Count 29 14 43
(W5) % of Total 2.7% 1.3% 4.1%
No Count 36 978 1014
% of Total 3.4% 92.5% 95.9%
Total Count 65 992 1057
% of Total 6.1% 93.9% 100.0%

W5 Do you have difficulty (with self-care such as) washing all over or dressing?
D3.1 How much difficulty did you have in washing your whole body?
52
 WHO/UNESCAP Disability
Question Set Testing
Philippines: Cross tabulation of Question Set 1 (WG) and
Question Set 2 (WHO/UNESCAP)
(n = 1,057)
Self care (W5) * Getting dressed (D3.2) Crosstabulation

Getting dres sed (D3.2)

Yes No Total
Sel f care Yes Count 25 18 43
(W5) % of Total 2.4% 1.7% 4.1%
No Count 25 989 1014
% of Total 2.4% 93.6% 95.9%
Total Count 50 1007 1057
% of Total 4.7% 95.3% 100.0%

W5 Do you have difficulty (with self-care such as) washing all over or dressing?
D3.1 How much difficulty did you have in getting dressed?

53
 WHO/UNESCAP Disability
Question Set Testing
Philippines: Cross tabulation of Question Set 1 (WG) and
Question Set 2 (WHO/UNESCAP)
(n = 1,057)
Self care (W5) * Need for assisstance: Self Care (E1) Crosstabulation

Need for ass is stance:

Sel f Care (E1)
Yes No Total
Sel f care Yes Count 24 19 43
(W5) % of Total 2.3% 1.8% 4.1%
No Count 33 981 1014
% of Total 3.1% 92.8% 95.9%
Total Count 57 1000 1057
% of Total 5.4% 94.6% 100.0%

W5 Do you have difficulty (with self-care such as) washing all over or dressing?
E1 Do you ever need someone to help with, or be with you for, self care activities?
For example: doing everyday activities such as eating, showering, dressing or
toileting.
54
 WHO/UNESCAP Disability
Question Set Testing
Philippines: Cross tabulation of Question Set 1 (WG) and
Question Set 2 (WHO/UNESCAP)
(n = 1,057)
Communicating (W6) * Understanding what people say (D1.5) Crosstabulation

Understandi ng what
peopl e s ay (D1.5)
Yes No Total
Com m uni cating Yes Count 85 44 129
(W6) % of Total 8.0% 4.2% 12.2%
No Count 186 742 928
% of Total 17.6% 70.2% 87.8%
Total Count 271 786 1057
% of Total 25.6% 74.4% 100.0%

W6 Because of a physical, mental, or emotional health condition, do you have

difficulty communicating, (for example understanding or being understood by
others)?
D1.5 How much difficulty did you have in generally understanding what people
say?
55
Recommendations

56
 Recommendations

 The pretest provided several observations that

could improve not only the questions for disability
statistics but also the overall system of data
collection for disability statistics.

57
 Recommendations for the Manual

 The manual should include several examples and

explanations

 There should be a rationale why only 18 years old

and over are considered eligible respondents.
There are also a number of zero to 17 years old
with disabilities and should also be given attention
for programs and projects.

58
 Recommendations for the Questionnaire

Due To Health Reasons:

 The phrase “due to health condition” should be
added to questions, which are normally not
connected to health related conditions. These
questions are: B1.15, B1.16 to B1.17, D1.1 to D1.6,
D2.3 to D2.4, D3.4, D4.1 to D4.5, D5.1 to D5.8 and
D6.1 to D6.8.
 Item D1.3 is very hard to ask because respondents
always relate this to financial problem of the family
even if the interviewer keeps on emphasizing that
this question refers to health condition only.
59
 Recommendations for the Questionnaire

The Need to Shorten the Questions:

 Question W6 is very long that respondents were

confused. This should be shortened.
 Items D6.1 to D6.8 which are on the last part of the
questionnaire suffered because of the length of
interview. Respondents tend to provide whatever
answer just to finish the interview. Thus, the
questionnaire should be shortened to reduce the
length of the interview.

60
 Recommendations for the Questionnaire

The Need to Shorten the Questions:

 Some questions seem not answered accurately

especially if the respondents have no health
problem, for example, questions B1.16 and B1.17.
There is a need to add a question in the
questionnaire to identify the illness of the
respondent as reference when asking questions
related to difficulties.

61
 Recommendations for the Questionnaire

The Need to Shorten the Questions:

 Introduction in Question Set 2 is too long. It should

be revised to make it simpler and not boring.
 Questions for each domain (1 to 6) are numerous
that respondents found them redundant and lengthy.
It is recommended that these questions be
structured such that the phrase “How much
difficulty…” will not be repeated for each item of
interest.

62
 Recommendations for the Questionnaire

The Need to Shorten the Questions:

 Illustration:
Domain 3. Self care:
How much difficulty did you have in:
 Washing your whole body?
 Getting dressed?
 Eating?
 Staying by yourself for a few days?
63
 Recommendations for the Questionnaire

Revision of Questions that are vague or too general

or with sequential problem:
 Respondents normally ask distance and number of
steps in W3.
 In item W4, there is a conflict between remembering
vs. concentrating. There should be two separate
questions.
 Item B1.13 is easier to understand than item B1.12.
If the questionnaire is to be shortened, the
recommendation is to retain item B1.13.
64
 Recommendations for the Questionnaire

Revision of Questions that are vague or too general

or with sequential problem:
 In item B1.7, “reading” should come first before
“seeing and recognizing…”
 Items B1.15 and D6.4 asked time but choices are
not appropriate. Hence, either the question or the
choices should be revised.

65
 Recommendations for the Questionnaire

Revision of Questions that are vague or too general

or with sequential problem:
 Items B1.8 and B1.9 are confusing to the
respondents. Revise to make them clear and short.
Also, because the questions are not clear to the
respondent, they sometimes provide inconsistent
responses. If the questionnaire will be shortened,
the suggestion is to retain only one question.
 In item D3.4, add “home” to the question to be more
precise.

66
 Recommendations for the Questionnaire

Revision of Questions that are vague or too general

or with sequential problem:
 In item D4.1, ”dealing” should be defined.

 Items D6.2 and D6.3 are too vague. In item D6.3,

attitude can be positive or negative. There is a need
to revise these questions.
 In item D6.6, a 30-day period is too short to
measure drain in resources. Thus, there is a need
to extend the period.

67
 Recommendations for the Questionnaire

Revision of Questions that are vague or too general

or with sequential problem:
 Items E1 to E3 are relatively easy to answer
because of the clear examples whereas item E4a is
confusing because of double negation.

68
 Recommendations for the Questionnaire

Response Options:
 For items E1 to E4, there is a need to mention
choices to respondents.
 In Question Set 1, add instruction to interviewers
that they should mention responses/choices.

 The use of flashcards is very helpful. It is

recommended that for Question Set 1, a similar
device be used.

69
 Recommendations for the Questionnaire

Skipping/Screening Instructions:
 In B1.14, some interviewers did not emphasize
“…10 minutes” in the question that responses of the
respondents vary. It is suggested that a screening
question be asked first on whether the respondent
experienced coughing before asking if he/she has
difficulty
 Items D5.1 to D5.8 and D6.1 to D6.8 should be
skipped if respondents have no health problem.

70
 Recommendations for the Questionnaire

Skipping/Screening Instructions:
 The sequence of items D6.6 and D6.7 should be
revised.
 Use of skipping instructions and filtered questions
are essential. For instance in Domain 5, those with
no work or out of school respondents should no
longer be asked with questions regarding difficulty in
these activities.

71
 Recommendations for the Questionnaire

Use of “Examples” in the questions:

 In item B1.4, the example should be revised
because there is a tendency that it is the one
emphasized instead of ”appearance”.
 In item D1.4, it is better to remove “for example….”
since this example tend to limit the situation of
learning a new task.
 In item D4.5, however, there is a need for an
example in the questionnaire to provide basis of the
said activity.
72
 Recommendations for the Questionnaire

Use of “Examples” in the questions:

 Examples given within the questions should be
limited and mentioned only when needed for the
respondent to better understand the question.
These are items B1.4, B1.5, B1.13, B.15, D1.4, D2.5
and D6.1. The respondents are made to
understand that the question refers only to that
particular example(s).

73
 Recommendations for the Questionnaire

Translation of the Questionnaire:

 There are English words that cannot be directly
translated to Filipino language. However, it can be
remedied by undertaking several testing prior to the
finalization of the questionnaire. The words may not
have the exact meaning but can be used for as long
as the meaning of the whole question is still the
same.

74
 Recommendations for the Questionnaire

Probing and Other Recommendations:

 There is a need to do probing in item B1.16
regarding “feeling sad” as the answer normally does
not relate to health reason.
 Clarification or follow-up questions should be made
in the actual survey/census in order to elicit accurate
response from the respondents. The mere
repetition of questions is not enough.

75
 Recommendations for the Questionnaire

Probing and Other Recommendations:

 Item A3, it is better to ask for highest grade
completed (HGC) instead of number or years spent
in school. In addition, if the respondent answered
number of years, probing is still needed in order to
get accurate answers. Based on observation, upon
probing, the second response (answer for the
highest grade completed )normally differs from the
first (answer for the number of years).

76
 Recommendations for the Questionnaire

Probing and Other Recommendations:

 The word “Disability” should not appear in the
questionnaire.

 Introduction for Part 2 was repeated. It should be

removed before the B-items.

77
 Recommendations for the Questionnaire

Response Choices:
 Choices of response for Part 2 and 3 should be
distinct from one another. For most respondents,
there is no clear distinction between “mild” and
“moderate”. Hence, the suggestion is to combine
“mild and moderate” into only one category.

78
 Recommendations for the
Timing of the Pretest
 The study was conducted at the time when rainy
season started in the country, thus, contributing to
the difficulties of the interviewers. Extension of the
interview was sought. Obviously, timing of the
conduct of the study should be given consideration.

 A very short period was allotted to prepare for

translation of the questions from English to Filipino
language. The same goes for the duration of the
field test where there are several callbacks.

79
 Recommendations for the
Timing of the Pretest
 In the actual survey/census, consideration for
callbacks should be provided since respondents are
individuals themselves. Unlike the usual household
survey/census, the respondent is normally the adult
member who can provide reliable information for all
members.

80
 Recommendations for a
Series of Pretests
 To ensure that a process or a set of questions to be
used to collect information is free from errors,
several testing should be employed. This is done
whenever revisions are made to determine the
implication of such changes. Hence, it is suggested
that another test be conducted once the questions
are revised based on the findings of this test.

81
Conclusions

82
 WHO/UNESCAP Disability
Question Set Testing
 The conduct of the Disability Question Set
Testing has identified more room for
improvement. These are:

1. Revision of the instruction manual to include

detailed concepts.
2. Revision of questionnaires to include probing,
consistency and skipping instructions.
3. Simplification of the questions.
83
 WHO/UNESCAP Disability
Question Set Testing

4. Allowing flexibility in the workload during

enumeration since all 18 years old and over
were respondents.
5. Consideration on the timing of the operation
(not rainy season).

6. A need for a series of pretests to finalize the

questions, procedures and strategies.

84
 Plan for the Conduct of
Cognitive Test for the
Washington Group Questions

85
 Plan for the Conduct of Cognitive Test
for the Washington Group Questions
The study aims to identify problematic questions
and record the respondent's understanding of
the question's intent.

 The study will serve as a guide in the

preparation of disability questions for the 2006
POPCEN in an attempt to capture up-to-date
statistics on persons with disability.

86
 Plan for the Conduct of Cognitive Test
for the Washington Group Questions
Timetable

Activity Date Area

Preparatory Phase
a. Preparation of Sept 1-16, 2005 Central Office
Questionnaires
and Field Ten Respondents
Instructions
Central Office
b. Test 1 Personnel
Sept 23, 2005
Training Sept 29 – 30, 2005 Central Office
87
 Plan for the Conduct of Cognitive Test
for the Washington Group Questions
Timetable

Activity Date Area

60 Respondents,
Cognitive Oct 6 - 7, 2005 National Capital
Field Test 2 Region (Urban
Village)
Cognitive 60 Respondents
Field Test 3 Oct 10 – 11, 2005 from a Rural
Village

88
 Plan for the Conduct of Cognitive Test
for the Washington Group Questions
Timetable

Activity Date Area

Post-Enumeration
Phase
a. Data Processing Oct 12 – 21, 2005 Central Office
b. Data Analysis Oct 17 – 28, 2005 Central Office
c. Submission of October 31,2005 Washington
Data and Report Group

89
Plan for the Conduct of Cognitive Test
for the Washington Group Questions
Translation
 The questions to be administered have been
translated to Filipino language (the national
language) as these questions were included in
the WHO-UNESCAP Field test that was
conducted in June.
The Filipino Translation was prepared by a
group of personnel who are well versed in the
language.
90
 Plan for the Conduct of Cognitive Test
for the Washington Group Questions
Actual Test
A. Selection of Sample Areas
 The selection of areas will be determined
according to some considerations like the
enumeration costs and geographic
characteristics.
1. One village classified as a highly
urbanized area.
2. One rural village
91
 Plan for the Conduct of Cognitive Test
for the Washington Group Questions
Actual Test
B. Coordination with Field Personnel
Prior to the field test, coordination with the field
offices will be made regarding:
1. The actual area to be selected
2. Coordination with local officials
3. Transportation to the field area
4. Training and supervision
5. Other related matters
92
 Plan for the Conduct of Cognitive Test
for the Washington Group Questions
Actual Test
C. Selection of Households
A systematic cluster sampling technique will
be used in the selection of households.
 The village will be divided into three
segments
 Clusters of five households each will be
formed as the interviewer lists the
households in the segment.
93
 Plan for the Conduct of Cognitive Test
for the Washington Group Questions
Actual Test

C. Selection of Households
A random start will be assigned to each
segment and two clusters will be selected
as samples in each segment

Thirty sample households will be selected

per village

94
Plan for the Conduct of Cognitive Test
for the Washington Group Questions
D. Respondents

All persons 18 years old and over in the

sample households will be selected as
samples.

E. Interview Approach

A team approach strategy will be adopted

during data collection.

95
Plan for the Conduct of Cognitive Test
for the Washington Group Questions
F. Question to be Tested

W1. Do you have difficulty seeing, even if

wearing glasses?

W2. Do you have difficulty hearing, even if

using a hearing aid?

W3. Do you have difficulty walking or

climbing steps?
96
Plan for the Conduct of Cognitive Test
for the Washington Group Questions
F. Question to be Tested
W4. Do you have difficulty remembering or
concentrating?
W5. Do you have difficulty (with self-care such
as) washing all over or dressing?
W6.Because of a physical, mental, or
emotional health condition, do you have
difficulty communicating, (for example
understanding and being understood by
others 97
Plan for the Conduct of Cognitive Test
for the Washington Group Questions
G. Cognitive Test Mechanics.
a. The interviewer makes an introduction of
the test.
b. Both the interviewer and the observer
record the responses in a separate testing
questionnaires.
c. The observer identifies and lists the
question(s) the respondent has difficulty
answering on the cognitive form.
98
Plan for the Conduct of Cognitive Test
for the Washington Group Questions
G. Cognitive Test Mechanics.
4. After the interview, the observer proceeds
to conduct the cognitive test on the same
respondent.
5. The observer should have noted down the
difficulties of the respondents during the
interview. This will serve as a basis in the
succeeding questions.

99
Plan for the Conduct of Cognitive Test
for the Washington Group Questions
G. Cognitive Test Mechanics.

6. The observer makes an introduction and

explains the purpose of the cognitive test.

7. The following questions for the cognitive

testing are to ask;
Could you repeat the question, as you
understood it in the interview?

100
Plan for the Conduct of Cognitive Test
for the Washington Group Questions
G. Cognitive Test Mechanics.

 Do you need any kind of clarification

about this question?

 What do you think the purpose of this

question was?

 What is your recommendation to improve

the question?

101
Plan for the Conduct of Cognitive Test
for the Washington Group Questions
H. Training and Debriefing

 A one-day training will be conducted to

discuss each question and the strategy to
be employed in the field test.

 After the field test, one day will be devoted

to discuss the problems and observations
made by both the interviewers and
observers.
102
Plan for the Conduct of Cognitive Test
for the Washington Group Questions
Data Entry and Analysis
 All forms are to be edited for
completeness of entries.
 Forms will be processed through data
entry in the Microsoft Excel format.
 The data will then be used as input in the STATA
for tabulation, cross-reference, matching of
entries and consistency checks.
103
Plan for the Conduct of Cognitive Test
for the Washington Group Questions
Data Entry and Analysis

 Analysis of the data will be descriptive using

tables and graphs.

 Observation will be consolidated and

recommendation will be prepared.

104
PHILIPPINES NATIONAL STATISTICS OFFICE
P.O. Box 779, Manila, Philippines
http://www.census.gov.ph

105