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    OSI Model

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    Sirisha Vamsi
    The document discusses data communication and the OSI model. It describes the five components of data communication as the message, sender, receiver, medium, and protocol. It then explains the seven layers of the OSI model and the functions of each layer, including physical addressing and encapsulation at the data link layer, logical addressing and routing at the network layer, and session management at the session layer.

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    OSI Model

    Uploaded by

    Sirisha Vamsi
    765 views29 pages
    The document discusses data communication and the OSI model. It describes the five components of data communication as the message, sender, receiver, medium, and protocol. It then explains the seven layers of the OSI model and the functions of each layer, including physical addressing and encapsulation at the data link layer, logical addressing and routing at the network layer, and session management at the session layer.

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    This presentation gives you real insights of OSI Model and its functionalities

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    The document discusses data communication and the OSI model. It describes the five components of data communication as the message, sender, receiver, medium, and protocol. It then explains the seven layers of the OSI model and the functions of each layer, including physical addressing and encapsulation at the data link layer, logical addressing and routing at the network layer, and session management at the session layer.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    765 views29 pages

    OSI Model

    Uploaded by

    Sirisha Vamsi
    The document discusses data communication and the OSI model. It describes the five components of data communication as the message, sender, receiver, medium, and protocol. It then explains the seven layers of the OSI model and the functions of each layer, including physical addressing and encapsulation at the data link layer, logical addressing and routing at the network layer, and session management at the session layer.

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    Unit:1

    Data Communication
    • Exchange of data between two devices via some form of transmission
    medium.
    5 components of DC
    1.Message
    2.Sender
    3.Receiver
    4. Medium
    5.Protocol
    Two computers connected to each other with LAN Cable and
    OSI Model defines and is used to understand how data
    Connectors (RJ-45), sharing data with help of Network interface
    is transferred from one computer to another in a
    card(NIC) forms a computer network.
    computer network
    In order to accomplish successful communication between
    the computers or network or different architecture- 7 layered
    Open System Interconnection (OSI) Model was introduced
    by ISO in1984.

    But if one computer is based on MSWindows and other


    Is MAC OS. Then how are they going to communicate Layered Architecture
    with each other? =7 Layers

    Please Do Not Touch Steves Pet Allegator


    OSI Layers
    Figure 3-3
    An Exchange Using the OSI Model

    WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998


    • Each Layer is a package of
    protocols.
    • Application Layer: Does not
    include firefox, chrome,etc.
    • It includes Application layer
    protocols that are needed to
    make these applications work
    correctly in a network called
    internet
    • AL is used by Network Applications
    (Computer applications that used internet)
    i.e. chrome, firefox,outlook , skype,etc.
    • Web browser , is a n/w application running
    in your PC, does not reside in AL
    • But it uses application layer protocols like
    HTTP,HTTPS to do web surfing
    • All network applications depend on
    application layer protocols
    • HTTP,HTTPS,FTP,SMTP, these protocols
    collectively called Application Layer
    • Application Layer provide services for
    network applications with help of protocols
    to perform user activities
    • Presentation Layer receives data from Application layer
    • The data in the form of characters and numbers are converted to binary format:-
    Translation
    • B4 data is transmitted PL reduces the number of bits to represent original data:-Data
    Compression
    • To maintain integrity of data, the data is encrypted at sender side and decrypted in
    receiver side. SSL protocol used in PL for encryption and decryption.
    • Session Layer helps in setting up and managing
    Connections and enabling sending data and receiving
    data followed by termination of connection
    • Session layer has Application programming interfaces
    (API’s ) eg: NETBIOS, which allows appln of different
    computers to communicate with each other.
    • Before a session or connection is established with a
    server.
    • Server performs function called Authentication
    • Authorization : Determines if you have permission to
    access the files.
    Session layer keeps track of files that are being downloaded.

    • Webpage contain text ,images. These files are


    stored
    separately on the webserver.
    • When you request a website in a web browser.
    Web browser opens a separate session to the
    webserver to Download txt and image files
    separately.
    • These files received as data packets
    • SL keeps a track of which datapacket belong to
    which file ie either text or image fileand tracks
    where the received data packet goes.
    • This is called Session Management
    Controls the reliability of Communication through
    1. Data is divided into small
    data units called segments
    2. Each data unit contain source
    and destination port number and sequence number
    3.PN: helps to direct each segment to the correct application
    4. Sequence no: helps to reassemble the segments to form correct message
    TL tells the server to slowdown or increase the speed of data transfer to improve the device performance

    If data units does not arrive the destination it is error , TL detects and corrects the error
    1. UDP: Faster than TCP, it does not give
    feedback ,weather the data is delivered or
    not.
    2. TCP Provide feedback. Hence data lost is
    retransmitted.
    3. UDP is used where full data delivery is not a
    must eg: Movie streaming,
    voip,videogames…
    4. TCP is used where full data delivery is a
    must eg: WWW, FTP, Emails…
    • Transport layer passes the data segments to network layer
    • Network layer works for the transmission of received data segment
    from one network to another network
    >> Data units in Network layer are called packets
    >> It is a layer where router resides

    The function of
    • Logical Addressing: IP addressing is done in NL called logical
    addressing
    • Every computer in a network has unique IP address
    • NL assigns sender and receiver IP address to each segment to form a
    IP Packet
    • Routing: is method to route data packet from src to dstn. It is based
    on logical address [IP + Mask].
    • Path Determination: Computer can be connected to internet server or other
    computer in number of ways. Choosing the best possible path for data delivery
    from source to destination is called path determination

    -Open shortest path first

    - Border Gateway protocol

    - Intermediate system to Intermediate system

    These protocols determine best possible


    path for data packet delivery
    • DLL receives data packet from network layer . Data packet contains IP Address of
    src and dstn.
    • There are two types of addressing: 1.Logical Addressing, 2.Physical Addressing
    MAC Address is a 12 digit alphanumeric number embedded in a
    network interface card (NIC)of your computer
    DLL is embedded as a software in NIC
    Figure 3-6 Data Link Layer Example

    Media is a physical link between two NICs

    WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998

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