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    Scholasticism: and Intellectual Discipline

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    Heizly Danuco
    Scholasticism originated in the 11th century as a method of rationalizing Christian doctrines through logical argument and debate in cathedral and monastic schools. It was influenced by Aristotle's writings on logic and reason, and scholars like Anselm of Canterbury used rational arguments to prove God's existence. Major scholastic thinkers included Aquinas, Scotus, and Ockham. Scholasticism emphasized intellectual discipline through logical methods like disputation and applying Aristotle's syllogisms. It aimed to support church doctrine with reason while also using reason to justify theology. Major scholastic works included Summae that systematically developed philosophy and theology through questioning.

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    Scholasticism: and Intellectual Discipline

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    Heizly Danuco
    519 views17 pages
    Scholasticism originated in the 11th century as a method of rationalizing Christian doctrines through logical argument and debate in cathedral and monastic schools. It was influenced by Aristotle's writings on logic and reason, and scholars like Anselm of Canterbury used rational arguments to prove God's existence. Major scholastic thinkers included Aquinas, Scotus, and Ockham. Scholasticism emphasized intellectual discipline through logical methods like disputation and applying Aristotle's syllogisms. It aimed to support church doctrine with reason while also using reason to justify theology. Major scholastic works included Summae that systematically developed philosophy and theology through questioning.

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    Scholasticism

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    Scholasticism originated in the 11th century as a method of rationalizing Christian doctrines through logical argument and debate in cathedral and monastic schools. It was influenced by Aristotle's writings on logic and reason, and scholars like Anselm of Canterbury used rational arguments to prove God's existence. Major scholastic thinkers included Aquinas, Scotus, and Ockham. Scholasticism emphasized intellectual discipline through logical methods like disputation and applying Aristotle's syllogisms. It aimed to support church doctrine with reason while also using reason to justify theology. Major scholastic works included Summae that systematically developed philosophy and theology through questioning.

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    519 views17 pages

    Scholasticism: and Intellectual Discipline

    Uploaded by

    Heizly Danuco
    Scholasticism originated in the 11th century as a method of rationalizing Christian doctrines through logical argument and debate in cathedral and monastic schools. It was influenced by Aristotle's writings on logic and reason, and scholars like Anselm of Canterbury used rational arguments to prove God's existence. Major scholastic thinkers included Aquinas, Scotus, and Ockham. Scholasticism emphasized intellectual discipline through logical methods like disputation and applying Aristotle's syllogisms. It aimed to support church doctrine with reason while also using reason to justify theology. Major scholastic works included Summae that systematically developed philosophy and theology through questioning.

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    SCHOLASTICISM

    AND INTELLECTUAL DISCIPLINE


    SCHOLASTICISM
    • Revised beliefs & logical methods of instruction
    • Was a general designation for the particular methods
    & tendencies to rationalize the doctrines of the
    Christian Church.
    • Originated during 1000’s in schools operated by the
    cathedral & monasteries.
    Aristotle influenced
    scholasticism. (Writing in Logic)

    Aristotle had used to try to


    prove the existence of God.
    Anselm, Archbishop of
    Canterbury – Father of
    Scholasticism
    John Duns Scotus and William of Ockham
    • rejected Aquinas emphasis on reason
    • God’s actions & purposes are unpredictable &
    must be learned through revelation
    • Beginning the mid-14th century, Scholasticism
    lost its influence. Today, however, the teachings
    of some Roman Catholic theologians still reflect
    its influence.
    Major Scholastics of the 12th Century
    • Saint Albertus Magnus
    • Alexander of Hales
    • Saint Thomas Aquinas
    • Roger Bacon
    • Saint Bonaventure
    • Robert Grosseteste
    Saint Thomas Aquinas
    • most important scholastic
    • philosophy about God
    and the soul
    • believed that human
    beings need divine
    revelation to fill out &
    expand such knowledge.
    Aims of Education
    • Intellectual Discipline
    -supports the doctrine of the church by rational
    argument.
    • Faith by Reason
    -give supporting authority to the intellect, to
    justify by reason and substantiate theology by logic.
    Agencies of Education
    • Parish school – children with special talents
    • Monastic and Cathedral schools – men who became leaders
    of the church as well as the state.
    • Palace school – established by Charlemaigne for scions of
    nobility to train intelligent leaders
    • University – started as an association of teachers chartered
    by the Pope of Holy Roman Emperor.
    -Independent of local ecclesiastical authority and political or
    secular control.
    The Birth of University
    UNIVERSITY – “universitas magistrorum et scholarium”
    - “community of teacher of teachers and
    scholars”
    • Universitas means “CHARTER COMPANY”

    • Stadium Generale – Entire student body


    • Facultas – Group of masters teaching the same
    subject.
    Two Camps of Scholastic
    Scholastic Realists – Saint Conceptualists – Peter
    Anselm Abelard
    • Believed that ideas or • Believed that ideas or
    concepts called concepts or universals
    universals are the only become real only when
    real entities and the
    objects that we perceive expressed or represented by
    by the senses are only their corresponding object.
    representations of the
    universals.
    *Summa Theologiae – Saint Thomas Aquinas; declared by Pope
    Leo XIII (1879)
    Various Kinds of Scholarly Treatises
    • Disputed Question – are nothing more than written
    accounts of actual classroom discussion
    • Disputed Question on Truth – Thomas Aquinas teaching
    comprises 253 individual questions on truth and goodness
    • Summae – are systematic and organic developments of
    philosophy or theology in its entirety through question
    method
    Methods of Instruction
    • Argumentative Method/Disputed Method (Scholastic
    Method or System)
    It has four parts:
    • 1. Starting a preposition, thesis, or questions
    • 2. Setting down objections to the preposition
    • 3. Proving one side and
    • 4. Answering or disputing objections in order
    • Lecture, repetition, disputation and examination
    methods
    - To recognize principles and formalities

    • The Aristotelian Logic


    - Form of argument was the syllogism supplied by
    Aristotle
    Three elements of Syllogism
    1. A major premise or larger class (term)
    2. A minor premise, or smaller class or middle term
    3. A conclusion or specific case
    • Problem Method
    - Aimed at formulating a conclusion in some
    topics after many possible answers were
    evaluated.
    Outstanding contribution to Education
    • Organization of the university
    • Emphasis on intellectual training

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