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    Losses in Steam Turbine

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    manjeet kumar
    A steam turbine experiences various losses as steam passes through it, reducing the amount of energy recovered as mechanical work. These losses include admission losses from friction in the nozzle, leakage losses through valves and seals, friction losses from the blades, exhaust losses of remaining kinetic energy, and carry over losses between stages. Properly insulating the turbine can reduce radiation and convection losses.

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    Losses in Steam Turbine

    Uploaded by

    manjeet kumar
    154 views7 pages
    A steam turbine experiences various losses as steam passes through it, reducing the amount of energy recovered as mechanical work. These losses include admission losses from friction in the nozzle, leakage losses through valves and seals, friction losses from the blades, exhaust losses of remaining kinetic energy, and carry over losses between stages. Properly insulating the turbine can reduce radiation and convection losses.

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    A steam turbine experiences various losses as steam passes through it, reducing the amount of energy recovered as mechanical work. These losses include admission losses from friction in the nozzle, leakage losses through valves and seals, friction losses from the blades, exhaust losses of remaining kinetic energy, and carry over losses between stages. Properly insulating the turbine can reduce radiation and convection losses.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    154 views7 pages

    Losses in Steam Turbine

    Uploaded by

    manjeet kumar
    A steam turbine experiences various losses as steam passes through it, reducing the amount of energy recovered as mechanical work. These losses include admission losses from friction in the nozzle, leakage losses through valves and seals, friction losses from the blades, exhaust losses of remaining kinetic energy, and carry over losses between stages. Properly insulating the turbine can reduce radiation and convection losses.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 7

    LOSSES IN STEAM TURBINE

    Any turbomachine extracts energy


    from high-pressure steam and converts
    it into shaft work. The total energy
    content available in steam supplied to
    the steam turbine is not completely
    recovered in the form of mechanical
    energy. There are certain losses in
    energy of steam which occur inside a
    turbine.
    LOSSES IN STEAM TURBINE
    • Admission losses
    • In practice the flow of steam through nozzle is not isentropic,
    but accompanied with losses which decrease the kinetic
    energy of steam coming out of the nozzle.
    • The decrease in kinetic energy is due to the following reasons
    • Viscous forces between steam particles
    • Heat loss from steam before entering the nozzle
    • Deflection of flow in the nozzle
    • Boundary layer development in the nozzle
    • Turbulence in the nozzle
    • The friction in the nozzle which reduces available enthalpy
    drop and hence actual velocity leaving the nozzle is less than
    that obtained with is-entropic expansion
    LOSSES IN STEAM TURBINE
    • Leakage losses
    • Steam leaves the boiler and reaches the condenser after
    passing through the main valve, regulating valves, nozzles,
    clearance spaces between nozzles and moving blades,
    diaphragm and rotating shaft etc. Further there is large
    pressure difference between inside of steam turbine and the
    ambient and also from one location to another location
    across these devices.
    • Therefore steam leakage takes place through
    • Main valve and regulating valve
    • Seals and glands
    • Spaces between nozzles and moving blades
    • Spaces between diaphragm and shaft of turbine
    • Space between moving blade rings and turbine casing
    • leakage of steam through these is a direct loss of energy.
    LOSSES IN STEAM TURBINE
    • Friction losses
    • Frictional resistance is offered during flow of steam
    through nozzles on moving and stationary blades. In
    most of the turbines the blade wheels rotate in a space
    full of steam. The viscous friction at the wheel surface
    causes admission losses as steam passes from nozzle to
    wheel. The effect of partial admission creates eddies in
    the blade channels.
    • The surface of curved moving blades and stationary
    blades offers resistance, which increases with increase
    in roughness of blade surface and relative velocity
    between steam and rotating blade.
    • The energy loss also takes place when the steam jets
    turns along the curvature of the blade surface. The
    turning losses depend on the angle of turning.
    LOSSES IN STEAM TURBINE
    • Exhaust loss
    • The energy content of steam is not fully utilized in the turbine. Despite of being at
    very low pressure the exhaust coming out of the turbine and entering the
    condenser carries some of kinetic energy and useful enthalpy, which is direct
    energy loss.
    • Radiation and convection losses
    • The steam turbine operates at a relatively high temperature; therefore some of the
    heat energy of steam is radiated and convected from the body of the turbine to its
    surrounding. These direct losses and are minimized by proper insulation's.
    • Losses due to moisture
    • The steam passing through the last stage of turbine has high velocity and large
    moisture content. The liquid particles have lesser velocity than that of vapor
    particles and hence the liquid particles obstruct the flow of vapor particles in the
    last stage of turbine and therefore, a part of kinetic energy of steam is lost. If the
    dryness fraction of steam falls below 0.88, the erosion and corrosion of blades can
    also take place.
    LOSSES IN STEAM TURBINE
    • Carry over losses
    • When steam passes from one stage to another
    through the diaphragm, some energy losses takes
    place, which are referred to as carry over losses and
    therefore, the kinetic energy of steam available at
    succeeding stage of moving blades for utilization is
    less than that of the exit at preceding stage. This is
    due to formation of eddies in annular space
    between the nozzle and moving blade

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