Wired LAN: Ethernet

Wired LAN : Ethernet
Data Communication and Networking
160200111023
Rahul G. Chudasama
EC Semester 7
Local Area Network (LAN)
● local area network (LAN) is a computer network that is

designed for a limited geographic area such as a building or a
campus.
● The LAN market has seen several technologies such as
Ethernet, Token Ring, Token Bus, FDDI, and ATM LAN. Some
of these technologies survived for a while, but
Ethernet is by far the dominant technology.
IEEE Standards
● In 1985, the Computer Society of the IEEE started a project,

called Project 802, to set standards to enable
intercommunication among equipment from a variety of
manufacturers.
● The IEEE has subdivided the data link layer into two
sublayers: logical link control (LLC) and media access control
(MAC).
● IEEE has also created several physical layer standards for
different LAN protocols.
● Data link control handles framing, flow control, and error
control. In IEEE Project 802, flow control, error control and
part of the framing duties are collected into one sublayer
called the logical link control.
● Multiple access methods including random access, controlled
access, and channelization. IEEE Project 802 has created a
sublayer called
Media access control that defines the specific access method
for each LAN.
Standard Ethernet
● The original Ethernet was created in 1976 at Xerox's Palo Alto

Research Center (PARC).
● Since then, it has gone through four generations:
● Standard Ethernet (l0 Mbps)
● Fast Ethernet (100 Mbps)
● Gigabit Ethernet (l Gbps)
● Ten-Gigabit Ethernet (l0 Gbps),
802.3 MAC frame
● Preamble The first field of the 802.3 frame contains 7 bytes (56
bits) of alternating Os and Is that alerts the receiving system to
the coming frame and enables it to synchronize its input timing.
● Start frame delimiter (SFD) The second field (l byte: 10101011)
signals the beginning of the frame.
● Destination address
● Source address
● Length or type. This field is defined as a type field or length field.
● Data
● CRC for error detection
Addressing
● The Ethernet address is 6 bytes (48 bits), nonnally written in
hexadecimal notation, with a colon between the bytes.
● The least significant bit of the first byte defines the
type of address.
● If the bit is 0, the address is unicast; otherwise, it is
multicast.
● The broadcast destination address is a special case of
the multicast address in which all bits are Is.
Example
Define the type of the following destination addresses:

a. 4A:30:10:21:1O:1A
b. 47:20:1B:2E:08:EE
c. FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF
Solution
● To find the type of the address, we need to look at the
second hexadecimal digit from the left.
● If it is even, the address is unicast. If it is odd, the address is
multicast. If all digits are F's, the address is broadcast.
● Therefore, we have the following:

a. This is a unicast address because A in binary is 1010
(even).
b. This is a multicast address because 7 in binary is 0111
(odd).
c. This is a broadcast address because all digits are F's.
CHANGES IN THE STANDARDS
● The 10-Mbps Standard Ethernet has gone through several

changes before moving to the higher data rates.
These changes actually opened the road to the evolution
of the Ethernet to become compatible with other high-data-
rate LANs.
1. Bridged Ethernet
2. Switched Ethernet
3. Full Duplex Ethernet
Bridged Ethernet
A bridge divides the network into two or more networks.

Switched Ethernet
Full Duplex Ethernet
Fast Ethernet
● Fast Ethernet was designed to compete with LAN

protocols such as FDDI or Fiber Channel.
● IEEE created Fast Ethernet under the name 802.3u.
● Fast Ethernet can transmit data 10 times faster at a rate of
100 Mbps.
Fast Ethernet Topologies
Fast Ethernet Implementation
GigaBit Ethernet
● The need for an even higher data rate resulted in the
design of the Gigabit Ethernet protocol .
● The IEEE committee calls the Standard 802.3z .
● It has data rate of 1000 Mbps .

GigaBit Ethernet Implementation
Ten-GigaBit Ethernet
● The IEEE committee created Ten-Gigabit Ethernet and
called it Standard 802.3ae.

Thank you...

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Wired LAN : Ethernet

Data Communication and Networking

● local area network (LAN) is a computer network that is

● In 1985, the Computer Society of the IEEE started a project,

● The original Ethernet was created in 1976 at Xerox's Palo Alto

Define the type of the following destination addresses:

● Therefore, we have the following:

● The 10-Mbps Standard Ethernet has gone through several

A bridge divides the network into two or more networks.

● Fast Ethernet was designed to compete with LAN

● The need for an even higher data rate resulted in the

design of the Gigabit Ethernet protocol .

● The IEEE committee calls the Standard 802.3z .

● It has data rate of 1000 Mbps .

● The IEEE committee created Ten-Gigabit Ethernet and

called it Standard 802.3ae.

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