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Cryptology: G Ed 0103 Math in TH E Mod Ern World

Here are the solutions to the applications of modular arithmetic problem: I. 1) Yes, 978-0-281-44268-5 is a valid ISBN since the sum of the digits multiplied by their position modulo 11 is 0. 2) Yes, 978-0-143-03943-3 is a valid ISBN since the sum of the digits multiplied by their position modulo 11 is 0. II. The correct check digit for 978-0-470-87804-? is 6 since the sum of the digits multiplied by their position modulo 11 is 0. III. The correct check digit for 7-14043-01126-? is 8 since the sum of the digits multiplied by their position modulo

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219 views

Cryptology: G Ed 0103 Math in TH E Mod Ern World

Here are the solutions to the applications of modular arithmetic problem: I. 1) Yes, 978-0-281-44268-5 is a valid ISBN since the sum of the digits multiplied by their position modulo 11 is 0. 2) Yes, 978-0-143-03943-3 is a valid ISBN since the sum of the digits multiplied by their position modulo 11 is 0. II. The correct check digit for 978-0-470-87804-? is 6 since the sum of the digits multiplied by their position modulo 11 is 0. III. The correct check digit for 7-14043-01126-? is 8 since the sum of the digits multiplied by their position modulo

Uploaded by

Nikki Blas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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G E D 0 1 03 M AT H IN T H E M OD E R N WOR L D

Nikki Blas
CRYPTOLOGY
CRYPTOLOGY IS THE STUDY OF
MAKING AND BREAKING
SECRET CODES.

CRYPTOLOGY
DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Plaintext is a message before it is coded.
Example:

SHE WALKS IN BEAUTY LIKE THE NIGHT

CRYPTOLOGY
DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Ciphertext is the message after it has been written
in code.
Example:

ODA SWHGO EJ XAWQPU HEGA PDA JECDP

CRYPTOLOGY
DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Encryption method of changing from
plaintext to ciphertext.
• To decrypt a message means to take the
ciphertext message and write it in plaintext.

CRYPTOLOGY
CODING SCHEMES
Caesar cipher Affine cipher
one of the earliest known and a substitution cipher in the
simplest ciphers. It is a type form
of substitution cipher in which 𝑐 ≡ (𝑎𝑝 + 𝑚) mod 26
each letter in the plaintext is
'shifted' a certain number of
places down the alphabet
𝑐 ≡ (𝑝 + 𝑚) mod 26
NUMERICAL EQUIVALENTS FOR THE LETTERS OF
THE ALPHABET
𝑝 is the numerical equivalent of the
CEASAR CIPHER plaintext letter and 𝑐 is the numerical
equivalent of the ciphertext letter

Encrypting Decrypting
𝑐 ≡ 𝑝 + 𝑚 𝑚𝑜𝑑 26 𝑝 ≡ 𝑐 + 𝑛 𝑚𝑜𝑑 26
where 𝑚 is the number of where 𝑛 = 26 − 𝑚
positions the letter is shifted
𝑝 is the numerical equivalent of the
CEASAR CIPHER plaintext letter and 𝑐 is the numerical
equivalent of the ciphertext letter

Encrypting
𝑐 ≡ 𝑝 + 𝑚 𝑚𝑜𝑑 26

𝑚 is the shift position


Example: Shift
each letter 13 positions
CEASAR CIPHER to code LOVE.
Solution: 𝑚 = 13 and the encrypting congruence is 𝑐 ≡ 𝑝 + 13 mod 26

L = 12 𝑐 ≡ 12 + 13 mod 26 ≡ 25 mod 26 = 25 Code L as Y


O = 15 𝑐 ≡ 15 + 13 mod 26 ≡ 28 mod 26 = 2 Code O as B

V = 22 𝑐 ≡ 22 + 13 mod 26 ≡ 35 mod 26 = 9 Code V as I


E=5 𝑐 ≡ 5 + 13 mod 26 ≡ 18 mod 26 = 18 Code L as R

ANSWER: YBIR
Example:

Evaluate (12 · 41) mod 17 = 11

ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS
MODULO N
ADDITIVE AND MULTIPLICATIVE
INVERSES IN MODULAR ARITHMETIC

READING ASSIGNMENT
END
NEXT MEETING:
CRYPTOLOGY
TO BE SUBMITTED NEXT MEETING (10 MINUTES
BEFORE THE END OF CLASS, THAT MEANS, YOU CAN
WORK ON THESE PROBLEMS DURING OUR CLASS
TIME NEXT MEETING)
USE YELLOW PAD PAPER FOR YOUR COMPLETE
SOLUTION.
Applications
GROUP TASK / 5 MEMBERS of Modular
Arithmetic
Task: Applications of Modular Arithmetic
I. Determine whether the given number is a valid ISBN.
1) 978-0-281-44268-5
2) 978-0-143-03943-3
II. Determine the correct check digit for the ISBN of the book
Facebook for Dummies by Leah Pearlman and Carolyn Abrahan;
978-0-470-87804-?
III. Determine the correct check digit for the UPC of Monopoly;
7-14043-01126-?
IV. Determine whether the given credit card number is a valid number
1) 4417-5486-1785-6411
2) 5591-4912-7644-1105

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