INTERNATIONAL CRICKET STADIUM at DARIANAGAR, COX’S

BAZAR

By
Ahmed Bin Parvez

06308010

Seminar II

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

Bachelor of Architecture
Department of Architecture
BRAC University

August 2011
 PARVEZI 01

Abstract
Bangladesh, as a cricket nation, has grown in leaps and bounce since it became the
champion in the ICC Trophy back in 1997. Cricket has always been a very popular sport
in the sub-continent, Bangladesh being the newest member from this region to join the
big boys of cricket in the upper tier. The infrastructure necessary for the growth and
development of cricket has been built gradually, and with the success of the cricketers in
the world scene, Bangladesh is now a country well known for its passionate fan following
and a colourful cricketing culture.

There have been two major stadiums selected for hosting the cricket world cup held on
march 2011 in the sub-continent, one being the Sher- E- Bangla National stadium in
Dhaka, and the other being M A Aziz stadium in Chittagong. The facilities provided in
these stadiums to host a tournament of such magnitude was fascinating. But surely only
two international standard stadiums are not enough for Bangladesh, who might be
contenders for hosting future world cups as single host.

There have been a few proposals for building new international standard cricket
stadiums at various important places of the country. One of them is the proposal of a
stadium to be built at Cox’s Bazar, the city which has been the main tourist attraction of
Bangladesh. Cox’s Bazar is yet to grow as an urban city, and the proposal of a stadium
over there might boost up the urban development of that area a huge deal.

The natural beauty of the site surroundings, the potential of Cox’s Bazar as the main
tourist attraction of the country, the scope for development of the city, decentralization of
the cricketing culture, diffusion of modern cricketing facilities to the periphery of the
country- all these factors culminate in one’s mind when designing a cricket stadium at
that place. Also the concept of stadiums has been evolving from the very beginning, and
now the attempts to make such a costly project most sustainable, and having multi
purpose usage are top priority. Designing a cricket stadium at Cox’s Bazar imparts a
challenge to create a balance between nature and man-made objects, the challenge to
optimize tourism, the challenge to create an iconic value, and most of all, the challenge
of making the most sustainable design possible.
 PARVEZI 02

Acknowledgement
My academic career has revolved round many wonderful people who have been
inspiring, co-operative and helpful.

I thank my parent and other family members for their support.

I specially thank Prof. Fuad Mallick, Chairperson of the department of Architecture,

BRAC University, Prof. Zainab Ali, Lecturers Ms. Huraera Zabeen, Mr. Ahsanullah
Mojumder, Mr. Imon Chowdhuree, Mr. Hafizul Hasan, Mr. Atiqur Rahman, Ms.
Rehnuma Parveen, Mr. Naquib Hossain, Mr. Shakil Mahmood, Mr. Iftekharul Islam,
Mr. Sajid bin Doza, Mr. Mahmudunnabi, Ms. Marina Tabassum and Ms. Rubaiya
Sultana for their guidance during my five years at Brae.

Special thanks to Mr. Foyezullah for helping me and inspiring me to be the person I
want to be.

Thanks to all the seniors who were really the ones one can proudly look up to,
especially Barkat bhai, Tanmay bhai, Aarefin bhai, Rohit bhai, Shajib bhai, Dipu
bhai, Rahgir Bhai, Tushar bhai, Topu bhai, Adiba apu, Mugni b h a i.

Special thanks to Bappi bhai and Anta apu for guiding me through my thesis project.

Thanks to Mr. Nafisur Rahman, Mr. Imtaijul Islam, Mr. Shakil Ahmed Shimul, my
seniors and later teachers, who inspired me a lot.

Thanks to Ms. Rubaiya Sultana and Ms. Rabeya Rahman for their guidance in my
preparation of this paper.

I thank all my friends, classmates and juniors for making me fell so much a part of the
BRAC architecture department family. Thanks to Shekhar, Inteza, Aneek, Fahim,
Tarek, Shawon, Salzar, Tanzir, Tanzil, Raiyan, Adnan, Lamia, Pinaz, Pami, Shifat,
Suhaily, Mou, Adiba, Shaoki, Nusha, Shabnam, Ateshin, Sabiha, Sanjana, Yana
apu, Tamara, for always being there as friends.

Thanks to all who helped me in my thesis- Emile, Tanu, Badru, Cyrus, Dhrubo,
Sharfi, Labonno, Safa, Rifat, Mridul, Auntu, and all others whose name I haven’t
mentioned.

Heartfelt gratitude to Nayeem, Mogno, Abonee and Arijita for helping me out at the
hard times.
 PARVEZI 03

TABLE OF CONTENTS_________________________________ pag e n o .

Abstract 01

Acknowledgement 02

Table of contents 03

Chapter 01 : Introduction

1. Background of the project 06

2. Key aspects 06

3. Choice of site 07

4. Objectives 07

5. Program ( tentative) 08

Chapter 02 : Site

1. Site appraisal 09

2. Site surroundings 10

3. Topography 11

4. Social background 12

5. SWOT Analysis 13

Chapter 03 : Literature review

1. Cricket 14

2. Cricket field 14

2. Cricket pitch 15

3. Scoreboard 15

4. Scorecard 16

5. Sightscreen 16

6. Umpire 16

7. Umpire 17
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8. Spectator viewing 17

9. Spectator seating 18

10. VIP facilities 19

11. Toilet provision 21

12. Media facilities 22

13. Pitch orientation 22

14. Shading depth and angle 23

15. Roofing materials 24

16. Security zones 24

17. Pitch composition 25

18. Entry and emergency exit timing 25

Chapter 04 : Case studies

4.1.1 Sher e Bangla national stadium 26

1. New Beijing National Stadium 30

2. San Nicola Stadium 34

3. Braga municipal Stadium 38

4.3-Analysis and findings 41

Chapter 05: Program Development

1. Pitch/ Central area 42

2. Spectator view 42

3. Tiolet provisions 44

4. VIP facilities 45

5. Private boxes 45

6. Executive suites 46

7. President suites 46
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8. Club seating and dining 46

9. Player facility 47

10. Match control room 47

11. Third Umpire room 47

12. Media 48

13. Parking 48

14. Detail program 49

Chapter 06: Design development

1. Phase 1 : Concept development 53

2. Phase 2 : Zoning and stadium placement on site 56

3. Phase 3 : Gallery and roof structure 59

4. Phase 4 : Structural detail and landscape 62

Chapter 07: Final design 65

Conclusion 71

Refferences 72
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CHAPTER 01 : INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the project

Sports and stadiums have a well-knit relationship since the earliest times. Sports always
had a heroic role to play in any civilization and what better place to showcase these
heroics within a stadium. Since the gladiators of Rome left their blood at the heart of the
‘Colosseum’, the grandness of a sport or event has always been associated with large
confinements to house the event. Stadiums since then have evolved, in its use, its
impact to a nation and to the globe. The first Olympic stadiums showed the gateways
into building the modern day stadiums, which is now very much associated with the
latest enhancement of technology and creation of a mega-structure of iconic value.

Among many outdoor sports that require stadium facilities, cricket is one sport which
has been historically very popular in the sub-continent. India and Pakistan have already
stamped their authority on the cricketing world by winning world cups in the past.
Cricket in Bangladesh is growing in a slow but steady rate. The catalysts that took
Bangladesh into the world level were the winning of the ICC trophy in 1997, winning a
world cup match against Pakistan in 1999 world cup, getting the test status in 2000, and
finally successfully hosting the world cup cricket in 2011. Bangladesh has proven its
potential of being a future super power of cricket in the not so distant future. The 2014
T20 cricket world cup is also going to be held in Bangladesh.

Currently Bangladesh has 5 stadiums that have hosted one day international cricket
matches. But the facilities in those stadiums, (except Mirpur Sher E Bangla Stadium) are
not up to the mark, thus not giving those stadiums the recognition of being a test venue.
The Bangladesh Cricket Board (BCB), in collaboration with the Government has taken
steps to increase the number of international standard cricket stadiums, and have
strategically proposed 2 new stadium sites, one at Purbachal, Gazipur, and the other at
Cox’s Bazar.

1.2 Key aspects of the project

Name of the project: international cricket stadium

Client: Bangladesh Cricket Board (BCB)

Site location: Darianagar, Cox’s Bazar

Site area: 20,00,000 sqft

No. of spectator seating: 40,000

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1.3 Choice o f site

The site chosen for the thesis project is located in Cox’s Bazar. Out of the two proposed
sites, the choice made by me is located at Darianagar, around 7 kilometers to the south
of the main city of Cox’s Bazar. The client of the project is the Bangladesh Cricket
Board in collaboration with the Government of Bangladesh. The decision of building a
stadium at the number one tourist spot in Bangladesh has many dimensions. With the
major tourist attraction and the ever-increasing growth of the cricket culture, the need
for more stadiums of the highest quality is paramount. The decentralization of the major
centre of cricket to the beautiful coastal region has a lot of plus points and exciting
prospects.

4. Objectives of the project

The stadium to be built at Cox’s Bazar has the following major objectives:

a. The stadium will help create a new test cricket venue at a very promising
location.

b. The stadium will hold huge crowd

c. The multi-purpose usage of a colossal structure such as a stadium will help

develop the coastal area as a whole.

d. Revenues from tourism will tend to rise and increase due to the establishment of
an international sports facility.

e. An iconic value will be added to the area where the proposed stadium will be
built.

f. An urban platform will be created which can house various native cultural
festivities.

g. A stable structure as the stadium could act as a shelter for refugees in situations
of natural calamity.
 PARVEZI 08

5. Program of the project (as provided by the BCB)

a. Stadium premise 3,20,000 sqft

Gallery space

Pavilion building

VIP facilities

Restaurants

Media

Stadium administration

Service room

Storage

Toilet

b. Gymnasium and indoor practice 50,000 sqft

Main indoor net blocks

Service

TV room

Toilet

c. Academy 40,000 sqft

Lodging

Dining space

Hall room

Administration

Conference room

Audio-visual rooms

d. Parking 6,50,000 sqft

Total area 10,60,000 sqft

 PARVEZI 09

CHAPTER 02 : SITE

2.1 Site appraisal

The proposed site is a 20,00,000 sqft land at Darianagar, 7 kilometers from the main
town of Cox’s Bazar. It falls under the Ramu Upazila. The site is located just beside the
new Darianagar park project, with the sea beach on the west and a contoured
mountainous landscape on the eastern side. The land is owned by the Forest Ministry of
the Peoples’ Republic of Bangladesh.

Map 01 : satellite image of the site

Source . Google Earth 2011
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2.2 Site surroundings

The site is located just beside the Darianagar park. The site only has one access route,
a 50 feet road stretching from north to south going towards Himchari. The sea on the
west and the mountain on the east are very prominent and dominating aspects of the
site surrounding. The eastern area adjoining the site is lush green with various forms of
greenery. Beside the main access road, a stretch of agricultural land joins the road to
the sea beach.

Map 02: satellite image and schematic drawing of the site orientation and access route
Source: Google Earth 2011, Parvez

Fig 01: Darianagar park cottage Fig 02: Darianagar park restaurants
Source: Parvez, 2011 Source: Parvez, 2011
 PARVEZI 11

Fig 03: Panaromic views of site surroundings

Source: Parvez, 2011

2.3 Topography

The site mostly is flat, elevated from the sea level by 30 feet. A little portion of the site
falls on the contoured slope of a hill, around 150 feet. The slope has an angle of around
45 degrees. This slope is situated on the eastern portion of the site.

Fig 04: Sketch of the cross section along the east-west direction of the site
Source: Parvez, 2011
 PARVEZI 12

2.4 Social background

The site at Darianagar is a new spot for urban development undertaken by the
government of Bangladesh as a new zone for attracting tourists. The park leads the
tourists to a nearby natural fountain after hiking up towards the peak of the hill, using a
natural trail. The project is similar to the one undertaken at Himchari. This area is within
close proximity to the *‘Rakhain’ community, which gives a diverse trival cultural value
to the area. The park project has also instigated other related supporting development
such as beach-side restaurants, living cottages, and souvenir shops.

Fig 05: entry to Darianagar park Fig 06: Restaurant under construction
Source: Parvez, 2011 Source: Parvez, 2011

Fig 07: View from the top of the hill Fig 08: Living cottage
Source: Parvez, 2011 Source: Parvez, 2011
 PARVEZI 13

5. SWOT Analysis

1. Strength

• Good soil content for creating play area

• Site is adjoining the main road

• Enough land for accommodating all facilities

• Appropriate distance form the main town

• Excellent scenic beauty

2. Weakness

• Lacks transportation options

• Uneven topography

• Long distance from civic amenities

3. Opportunity

• Scope for extending centralized tourist attraction in Cox’s Bazar

• Nucleus for new development

• Platform for display of tribal festivity

• Proper usage of existing scenic beauty in new masterplan

• Using natural resources (wind, sun, rain) to create energy efficiency

4. Threat

• Danger to natural settings

• Security

• Expensive construction on contoured site

 PARVEZI 14

CHAPTER 03

LITERATURE REVIEW

3.1 Cricket

The term cricket is variously thought to be derived from the target aimed at and the
implement used to defend it. In the former case it is argued that the word is related to
german words which mean something related to the wickets. Others believe the word
has an English origin. The game had started off in England, so the inception of the word
is more probable to be coming from an English background.

3.2 Cricket field

The entire area of grass, marked off by a boundary line around its outer edge, on which
a game of cricket is played, as distinguished from the ‘pitch’ or central area between the
two wickets. ( Steven Lynch, Wisden 2006, p 100).

Fig : Top view of cricket field

Source : www.altiusdirectory.com
 PARVEZI 15

3.3 Cricket pitch

The area of ground between two sets of stumps is called a cricket pitch. It has length of
22 yards. The surface of the pitch is made up of clay. It is the main play area of cricket
where the batsman stands.

Fig: cricket pitch

Source: www.altiusdirctory.com

4. Scoreboard

A device used for displaying a concurrent record of the score of the game which will be
visible to both players and spectators. In the early days of cricket, before the
introduction of scoreboards, it was traditional for the scorers to stand up when the
scores of the two sides drew level, as an indication to players and spectators that the
batting side needed only one run to win. Scoreboards: originally known as ‘telegraph
boards’, began to appear at the major grounds in the mid- nineteenth century.

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Fig: scoreboard Source:

www.jstedesign.co.uk
 PARVEZI 16

3.5 Scorecard

A printed card produced and issued for sale at a cricket ground, showing the names of
the players on each side listed in their batting order and giving scores, dismissals, and
fall of wickets up to the time at which the card was printed. Scorecards of some kind
were already in existence before the end of the 18th century.

6. Sightscreen

A movable structure with a large flat surface, typically made of slatted wood but
occasionally of other materials such as canvas, which is placed just outside the
boundary directly behind either of the wickets in order to assist the batsman by
enhancing the visibility of the bowled ball. Sightscreens are traditionally white, but black
sightscreens are used for day-night games played with white balls. Some modern
sightscreens have surfaces that can be changed between overs, showing
advertisements when the bowler is opening from the other end.

Fig: sightscreen
Source: www.jstedesign.co.uk

7. Umpire

Either of the two ( or four in case of international matches ) whose function is to ensure
that a cricket match is conducted in accordance of the laws and spirit of the game and
to adjudicate on any point submitted to them by the players. There are usually two on
field umpires, a third umpire ( TV umpire) and a fourth or reserve umpire in case of
emergency.
 PARVEZI 17

3.8 Spectator viewing

Spectator viewing requires specific angles which ensure best possible views of the point
of focus, which is the cricket field. There is a certain ‘C’ value that has to be calculated
in order to maximize quality of spectator viewing.

------View to play ana

value

0 The term 'sightline' refers to a spectator’s

1 Viewing angle D - distance to focus,
ability to see a critical point on the playing field over the
head of the spectator below, and is measured by the C = C' value, T = tread width, N = riser height and
'C value. R riser height from focus.

Fig: Spectator view Fig: View distance

Source: Stadia, 2007 Source: Stadia, 2007

3.9 Spectator seating

Having arrived at geometry which relates the spectator areas to the playing field so that
the spectators can see the action clearly and without having to crane their necks, the
next design tasks is the seats themselves. Seating design is a matter of reconciling four
major factors: comfort, safety, robustness and economy.

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Fig: Spectator seating plan Fig: seating distances

Source: Stadia, 2007 Source: Stadia, 2007
 PARVEZI 18

3.10 VIP facilities

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Me-&ouine Cricket Grcond iMCGl has nstalled a compromise solution allowing upward opening windows enaPi.nfl the .nter-or to be opened to the
stadium bowl

Fig: VIP seating

Source: Stadia, 2007
 PARVEZI 19

P ig u r * 1 3.2 r- • . «

Fig: Seating plan

Source: Stadia, 2007

3.11 Toilet provision

Toilets and other ablutionary facilities may be needed for several individual types of
stadium users in addition to those for the mass spectators. These facilities should be
thought of if in conjunction with spectator toilets so as to minimize the number of
sanitary appliances and drainage stacks in the stadium while still making adequate
provision for all types of users.
 PARVEZI 20

m ure □ToioTolololuToonoToTo

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Fig: Spectator toilets

Source: Stadia, 2007

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Fig: Special toilets

Source: Stadia, 2007
 PARVEZI 21

3.12 Media facilities

Facilities for media are an integral part of stadium design, not least because of the large
sums of money that are now-a-days entered from the media rights for sporting events.
These facilities involve the three main categories of public information and
entertainment services- the press (including newspapers and magazines), radio and
television. Clubs may also have their own media requirements club TV and websites.

g
r W iitten press desks
® Radio desks DEDICATED ACCESS
FROM PRESS WORKROOM

Fig: Media seating

Source: Stadia, 2007

Fig: Media seating distances

Source: Stadia, 2007
 PARVEZI 22

3.13 Pitch orientation

The cricket pitch orientation is extremely important because the game cannot be played
across the direction of the wind. In order to play along the wind direction, the pith is
oriented in the north-south direction, with a maximum deviation up to 15 degrees.

Fig: Pitch orientation

Source: Stadia, 2007

3.14 Shading depth and angle

The shading depth and angle of the gallery spaces are important for comfort and quality
of viewing so the spectators. The roof of the stadium provides such shading facilities to
counter the direct sunlight and rainfall. For multi-tier gallery systems, the upper gallery
provides shade to the lower one. The roof structure then provides shading for the upper
gallery. Usually, half of the gallery must be shaded by the upper tier or the roof structure.
 PARVEZI 23

Fig: Gallery shading distance and angles

Source: Stadia, 2007

3.15 Roofing materials

Profiledmeta!sheeting Concrete WC A«yk GRP Pory:3iton3te Fabric

Single Double Single Double PTC- PtFE-
glaze glaze glaze *■» coated coated
Relativecostfactor 12 2.5to8.0 2.4to4.0 3.0to5.0 2.4to4.0 1.5to3.5 45to7.0 6.0to8.0 3.0to5.0 5.0to8.0
Isuppfyandfee)as
aM982intheUK
Durability Good Good Good Medium Medium Medum Mediurn Good Good Medium Gooa
Flameisardancy Incombustible Incombustible Sef-extin^jishsng Class1Men Classt Setf-exting-jshing Appro* Class0
edges3re Class1
ODtected) equu.
Transparency Opaque Opaque Trarsoarenr70%to Translucentor Opaque Drwsparent80%to Trars'jcent
85%lighttransmission, transoar-er*.: 90%visfrlelight
wtichlessensmarkscy 50%to70% transmission,which
withtime. possible:^ lessensslightly
trans'nissicn. withtime.
*hichlessens
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*£htine.
 PARVEZI 24

3.16 Security zones

Outside the sports ground

Zone one: The playing field.

Zone two: The spectator seating and standing areas.

Zone three: The internal concourses, restaurants,

bars, and other social areas.

Zone four: The circulation area between the stadium

structure and the perimeter fence.

Zone five: The open space outside the perimeter fence

Zone Five

Fig: Zones of control

Source: Stadia, 2007

3.17 Pitch com position

Grass
250 mm sand soil mix
50 mm blinding
150 mm stone carpet
Minimum 300 mm deep pipe dram
Earth

Fig: Layers of the playing field

Source: Stadia, 2007
 PARVEZI 25

3.18 Entry and emergency exit tim ing

The entry and exit timing has to be strictly controlled so that the spectators and all other
people can be evacuated from the stadium within a limited given time. The standard
timing for emergency exit to safety zones, i.e the ground level opening is a maximum of
8 minutes. This measurement is made from the basic walking velocities of the people
through various modes of circulations such as horizontal and vertical circulation. This
velocity, together with the unit width of the exit routes are calculated to form the efficient
circulation system where the evacuation time of maximum 8 minutes is designed.

Average unobstructed walking

velocity is 1 50m per minute.
A person exits every second or
every2.5 metres. (9km/h)
One line exit width allows 60 people
to pass through it in 1 minute

IC 6 0 se c iS O m
>1

Average unobstructed waiking on

staircase 30m oer minute (i ,8knvh».
Spacing between people is 0.75m.

Tim ed exit analysis

Safeexit time is regulation period minus exit time to place of safety

Fig: walking speed diagram

Source: Stadia, 2007
 PARVEZI 26

CHAPTER 04

CASE STUDIES

4.1 Local project

4.1.1 SHER E BANGLA NATIONAL STADIUM, MIRPUR, DHAKA, BANGLADEH

4.1.1.1 Concept

The Sher E Bangla National Stadium, named after A K Fazlul Haque, one of the
country’s most renowned leaders and freedom fighters of the 1940’s, is situated about
10 kilometers outside the centre of Dhaka. The move from the Bangabandhu Naiotnal
Stadium in Dhaka to Mirpur was met with much resistance, but the BCB had decided
that they needed a stadium dedicated exclusively to cricket, and carried on despite
criticism.

Fig. 3D aerial view

Source: www.banglacricket.com

The site of this venue is a total of 58 ‘ Bighas’, which translates into about 8,35,200
square feet of area. The stadium was originally built for soccer and athletics, so it is
rectangular in shape. The designers had to commit a substantial amount of demolition
and reconstruction to make a typically round cricket ground to fit in this rectangular
space. They have done it successfully and with grace.
 PARVEZI 27

4.1.1.2 Plan

Fig: Masterplan
Source: Bashat Architects Engineers

Fig: Detail pavilion plan

Source: Bashat Architects Engineers
 PARVEZI 28

4.1.1.3 Structure

Fig: Sectional perspective of the media zone

Source: www.banglacricket.com

The galleries are held by typical sections of concrete piers. The newly added roofing for
the VIP galleries is made up of polycarbonate sheeting suspended by steel tension
cables. The player’s viewing area, the media centre and the presidency boxes have a
glass bubble -like look. The glass bubble has a seamless, topless glass top and front.

Fig: Roof 3D perspective Fig: View from media centre

Source: www.banglacricket.com Source: Hasun, 2009
 PARVEZI 29

Fig: Player's entry

Source: Hasun, 2009

4.1.1.4 Special features

The most striking feature of the ground is the drainage facility, which is probably the
best in the sub-continent. To bring the play area into shape for cricket, a lot of
demolition had to be done, and the athletics tracks had to be dug up. About three feet of
soil was excavated to remove all the red clay. PVC pipes were fit in before filling it up
with rock chips, then sand and lastly grass. The slope is nice and even, a difference of
29 inches from the wicket to the boundary. The tubular flood light poles are a new edition
to the cricket stadium.
 PARVEZI 30

2. International projects
1. NEW BEIJING NATIONAL STADIUM

Fig: 3D Areal view of stadium surroundings

Source: National Stadium, 2008

1. Basic information

• Year of completion: 2008

• Location: Beijing, Republic of China

• Architects: Jacques Herzog and Pierre de Meuron

4.2.1.2 Concept of the project

The new National Stadium is located on a gentle rise in the center of Olympic green like
a large colossal vessel. The stadium’s appearance is a pure image with its facade and
structure mutually supporting each other and converging into a grid-like formation-
almost like a bird’s nest with its interwoven branches. This produces dramatic effect on
the stadium. The spatial effect of the stadium is simple and of an almost archaic
immediacy.
 PARVEZI 31

4.2.1.3 Plan

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Fig: Master plan

Source: National Stadium, 2008

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Fig: Plan at various levels
Source: National Stadium, 2008
 PARVEZI 32

4.2.1.4 Structure

Just as the birds stuff the spaces between the woven twigs of their nest with soft filler,
the space in the structure of the stadium is filled with inflated ETFE cushions. The
cushions mounted on the outer side of the structure makes the roof completely
weatherproof. Whist the rain is collected, the sunlight filters through the translucent roof
providing the lawn with the necessary UV-radiation.

Fig: Section showing structural system

Source: National Staduim, 2008

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Fig: Image during construction Fig: 3D view at night

Source: www.chinatown.org Source: National Stadium, 2008
 PARVEZI 33

5. Functional layout

During the Olympic Games, the stadium accommodated 100,000 people. The functional
layout is as follows:

• Parking area

• Field of play

• Venue operation area

• Spectator area

• Event management area

• Athletics and team staff area

• VIP and office area

• Official sponsor area

• Media area

• Safety and security area

 PARVEZI 34

2. SAN NICOLA STADIUM

Fig: Perspective view of the stadium

Source: Renzo Piano building workshop, 2006

1. Basic information

• Location: Italy

• Architect: Renzo Piano

4.2.2.2 Concept of the project

The stadium opens up hospitably to the Apulian landscape. It looks like a huge
monumental landed spacecraft. The spacecraft has been imploded, and the remnants
form the basis of the stadiums overall aura and grandeur.

Fig: Site section

Source: Renzo Piano Building workshop, 2006
 PARVEZI 35

4.4A.3 Plan

Fig. Master plan

Source: Renzo Paino building workshop, 2006
 PARVEZI 36

4.2.2.4 Structure

The stadium is mostly made of a single material, concrete. The steel and fabric canopy
is only a partial lid to the dominant structure below. The characteristic repetitive
structure pieces of the stadium are the 312 are the banana-shaped and inverted T-
section, precast concrete beams that support the upper tiers, and the 28 huge petals
like stands they form. Together, the stands separated by slots and the double-curved
lower flanges of the beams clearly reveal the modularity of the stadium.

Fig: Section of structure

Source: Renzo Piano building workshop, 2006
 PARVEZI 37

Fig: Gallery stands and seating Fig: Entry stairs to upper tier gallery Source:
Renzo Piano building workshop, 2006 Source: Renzo Piano building workshop, 2006

4.2.2.5 Functional layout

It has a capacity of 60,000 spectators, having the state of the art media and player
facilities. The various concourses have been maintained to ensure security and ease of
access.
 PARVEZI 38

3. BRAGA MUNICIPAL STADIUM

Fig: Night view

Source: www.arcdaily.net

1. Basic information

• Year of completion: 2003

• Location: Braga, Portugal

• Architect: Eduardo Souto de Moura

4.2.3.2 Concept of the project

A very raw and rudimentary idea of excavating a quarry was applied for this project. The
mountainous region and the sharp edgy formation of the gallery gives an extraordinarily
masculine look to the stadium. The sharpness of the edges of every element of the
stadium only translates the adjacent environment- rough and edgy and undulated.
 PARVEZI 39

4.2.3.3 Plan

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Fig: Masterplan and section

Source: www.arcdaily.net