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- A diverging lens causes light rays to bend toward the optical axis, while a converging lens causes light rays to bend away from the optical axis. The focal length is the distance from the lens center to the focal point. - The human eye focuses images onto the retina by changing the shape of the lens via ciliary muscles to adjust the focal length for near and far vision through a process called accommodation. - Nearsightedness and farsightedness can be corrected using negative and positive lenses, respectively, that compensate for the eye's refractive errors.

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126 views18 pages

Review: True or False

- A diverging lens causes light rays to bend toward the optical axis, while a converging lens causes light rays to bend away from the optical axis. The focal length is the distance from the lens center to the focal point. - The human eye focuses images onto the retina by changing the shape of the lens via ciliary muscles to adjust the focal length for near and far vision through a process called accommodation. - Nearsightedness and farsightedness can be corrected using negative and positive lenses, respectively, that compensate for the eye's refractive errors.

Uploaded by

Adorio Jillian
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Review: True or False.

Diverging lens is a lens that causes light rays to


bend toward its optical axis
Converging lens is a lens that causes light rays to
bend away from its optical axis
Focal length is the distance from the center of a
thin lens to its focal point.
A virtual image cannot be projected onto a
screen.
A real image can be projected onto a screen.
The Physics of the Eye
By the end of this section, you will be able
to:
Understand the basic physics of how
images are formed by the human eye
Recognize several conditions of impaired
vision as well as the optics principles for
treating these conditions
The
Anatomy of
Eye
As noted, the image must fall precisely on the retina to
produce clear vision—that is, the image distance di must
equal the lens-to-retina distance. Because the lens-to-
retina distance does not change, the image distance di
must be the same for objects at all distances. The ciliary
muscles adjust the shape of the eye lens for focusing on
nearby or far objects. By changing the shape of the eye
lens, the eye changes the focal length of the lens. This
mechanism of the eye is called accommodation.
The nearest point an object can be placed so that
the eye can form a clear image on the retina is
called the near point of the eye. Similarly, the far point
is the farthest distance at which an object is clearly
visible. A person with normal vision can see objects
clearly at distances ranging from 25 cm to essentially
infinity. The near point increases with age, becoming
several meters for some older people.
Optical power of a lens as P = 1/f
with the focal length f given in meters. The units of
optical power are called “diopters” (D). That is, 1D =
1/m, or 1 m−1 .
Optometrists prescribe common eyeglasses and
contact lenses in units of diopters. With this
definition of optical power, we can rewrite the thin-
lens equations as
P = 1/d0 + 1/d1
Working with optical power is
convenient because, for two or more
lenses close together, the effective
optical power of the lens system is
approximately the sum of the optical
power of the individual lenses:
Ptotal = Plens1 +Plens2 +Plens3 +⋯
Effective Focal Length of the Eye

The cornea and eye lens have


focal lengths of 2.3 and 6.4 cm,
respectively. Find the net focal
length and optical power of the
eye.
Vision correction
Near sightedness
Correcting Nearsightedness

What optical power of eyeglass lens


is needed to correct the vision of a
nearsighted person whose far point
is 30.0 cm? Assume the corrective
lens is fixed 1.50 cm away from the
eye.
Answer: -3.51D
Significance
The negative optical power indicates a
diverging (or concave) lens, as expected. If you
examine eyeglasses for nearsighted people, you
will find the lenses are thinnest in the center.
Additionally, if you examine a prescription for
eyeglasses for nearsighted people, you will find
that the prescribed optical power is negative
and given in units of diopters.
farsightedness
Correcting far sightedness

What optical power of eyeglass lens is


needed to allow a farsighted person,
whose near point is 1.00 m, to see an
object clearly that is 25.0 cm from the eye?
Assume the corrective lens is fixed 1.5 cm
from the eye.
Answer:
Significance
The positive optical power indicates a
converging (convex) lens, as expected. If you
examine eyeglasses of farsighted people, you
will find the lenses to be thickest in the center. In
addition, prescription eyeglasses for farsighted
people have a prescribed optical power that is
positive.

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