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    Lidar

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    Jahankeer Mzm
    LIDAR uses lasers to measure backscatter from clouds and aerosols to determine their optical properties. It works similarly to radar but uses light wavelengths. Common types of LIDAR include backscatter, DIAL, Doppler, fluorescence, and Raman LIDAR. The LIDAR equation relates received power to transmitted power, backscatter, and extinction. Sources of error include overlap functions, afterpulses, multiple scattering, and incorrect extinction-to-backscatter ratios. Networks like MPLNET use ground-based LIDAR to monitor aerosols.

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    Lidar

    Uploaded by

    Jahankeer Mzm
    78 views21 pages
    LIDAR uses lasers to measure backscatter from clouds and aerosols to determine their optical properties. It works similarly to radar but uses light wavelengths. Common types of LIDAR include backscatter, DIAL, Doppler, fluorescence, and Raman LIDAR. The LIDAR equation relates received power to transmitted power, backscatter, and extinction. Sources of error include overlap functions, afterpulses, multiple scattering, and incorrect extinction-to-backscatter ratios. Networks like MPLNET use ground-based LIDAR to monitor aerosols.

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    Laser Scanning

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    LIDAR uses lasers to measure backscatter from clouds and aerosols to determine their optical properties. It works similarly to radar but uses light wavelengths. Common types of LIDAR include backscatter, DIAL, Doppler, fluorescence, and Raman LIDAR. The LIDAR equation relates received power to transmitted power, backscatter, and extinction. Sources of error include overlap functions, afterpulses, multiple scattering, and incorrect extinction-to-backscatter ratios. Networks like MPLNET use ground-based LIDAR to monitor aerosols.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    78 views21 pages

    Lidar

    Uploaded by

    Jahankeer Mzm
    LIDAR uses lasers to measure backscatter from clouds and aerosols to determine their optical properties. It works similarly to radar but uses light wavelengths. Common types of LIDAR include backscatter, DIAL, Doppler, fluorescence, and Raman LIDAR. The LIDAR equation relates received power to transmitted power, backscatter, and extinction. Sources of error include overlap functions, afterpulses, multiple scattering, and incorrect extinction-to-backscatter ratios. Networks like MPLNET use ground-based LIDAR to monitor aerosols.

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    LIDAR

    Ben Kravitz
    November 5, 2009
    What is LIDAR?

    Stands for LIght Detection And Ranging

    Micropulse LASERs

    Measurements of (usually) backscatter from clouds


    and aerosols in the transmission path
    Uses frequencies in the near UV, visible, and near IR

    One of the most common wavelengths is 532 nm


    LIDAR systems

    • ground-based (this lecture):


    MPLNET
    (colocated with AERONET sites), other
    unaffiliated LIDARs
    • space-based: CALIPSO (next half of
    the lecture)
    Kinds of LIDAR

    • backscatter LIDAR
    • differential absorption LIDAR (DIAL)
    • Doppler LIDAR
    • fluorescence LIDAR
    • Raman LIDAR
    Backscatter LIDAR

    • By far the most common


    • functions almost exactly like RADAR
    but at a different wavelength
    Differential Absorption
    LIDAR (DIAL)
    • Calculation of molecular species in the
    atmosphere
    • Transmit pulses at two different
    frequencies determined by the
    absorption line of the species you want
    to measure
    Doppler LIDAR

    • Works on calculation of phase shift


    • Very similar to wind profilers
    Fluorescence LIDAR

    • Try to induce fluorescence in the


    species you’re measuring
    Raman LIDAR

    • Works on the principle of Raman


    scatter
    LIDAR Equation

    Er = received power (what the LIDAR actually


    measures)
    E0 = transmitted power (what the LIDAR transmits)
    C = LIDAR constant (unique to each LIDAR)
    βr(180,z) = Rayleigh (molecular) backscatter
    βa(180,z) = aerosol backscatter
    cr = Rayleigh (molecular) extinction z = tc/2
    ca = aerosol extinction (what we want)
    LIDAR Equation
    If there is a layer of clear air above the aerosol layer,
    Rayleigh scattering dominates, and we can ignore
    aerosol backscatter:

    Then we can solve for Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) if


    we assume power decays at a certain rate with height
    according to Rayleigh scatter theory
    Determining C

    Perform the same aerosol optical depth measurement


    using a sun photometer (next lecture) and backsolve
    Sometimes finding a layer of clear air above the
    aerosol layer is tricky or impossible. We need a
    method that will work in all circumstances.
    Extinction-to-Backscatter
    Ratio

    Assume a relationship (ratio) between


    β (km-1 sr-1) and c (km-1)

    c/β (sr)
    Sources of Error
    • Overlap function - loss in signal strength at close
    range (less than 4 km) due to poor focusing by
    the detector (optics)
    • Afterpulse function - cross-talk between the laser
    pulse and the detector, includes internal noise
    • Multiple scattering
    • Incorrect estimate of extinction-to-backscatter
    ratio
    • Deliquescence
    • Wavelength dependence
    Extinction-to-Backscatter
    Ratio

    Example values

    ~70 sr for tropospheric aerosols/pollution


    18 sr for water clouds
    near (but not equal to) 0 for clear air
    ~40 sr (?) for stratospheric aerosols

    Aerosol values can range between 15 and over 120 sr


    Deliquescence

    Certain aerosols are very good at picking up water


    molecules. This changes their optical characteristics.
    Wavelength Dependence

    Aerosol backscatter can be highly dependent upon the


    wavelength used. This needs to be taken into
    account.
    “Typical”
    retrieval
    Ground-based LIDAR
    network
    MPLNET http://mplnet.gsfc.nasa.gov/

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