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    The Linearly Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT)

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    Sagar
    The LVDT uses a primary coil and two secondary coils to measure linear displacement of a core. It has a linear output proportional to displacement. It is friction-free, highly repeatable, and robust. LVDTs are used in machine tools and other control systems to measure displacement and are connected to microcontrollers via conditioning hardware and analog-to-digital conversion. Rotary variable differential transformers (RVDTs) operate on similar principles to measure angular displacement.

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    The Linearly Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT)

    Uploaded by

    Sagar
    55 views13 pages
    The LVDT uses a primary coil and two secondary coils to measure linear displacement of a core. It has a linear output proportional to displacement. It is friction-free, highly repeatable, and robust. LVDTs are used in machine tools and other control systems to measure displacement and are connected to microcontrollers via conditioning hardware and analog-to-digital conversion. Rotary variable differential transformers (RVDTs) operate on similar principles to measure angular displacement.

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    LVDT

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    LVDT

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    The LVDT uses a primary coil and two secondary coils to measure linear displacement of a core. It has a linear output proportional to displacement. It is friction-free, highly repeatable, and robust. LVDTs are used in machine tools and other control systems to measure displacement and are connected to microcontrollers via conditioning hardware and analog-to-digital conversion. Rotary variable differential transformers (RVDTs) operate on similar principles to measure angular displacement.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    55 views13 pages

    The Linearly Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT)

    Uploaded by

    Sagar
    The LVDT uses a primary coil and two secondary coils to measure linear displacement of a core. It has a linear output proportional to displacement. It is friction-free, highly repeatable, and robust. LVDTs are used in machine tools and other control systems to measure displacement and are connected to microcontrollers via conditioning hardware and analog-to-digital conversion. Rotary variable differential transformers (RVDTs) operate on similar principles to measure angular displacement.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 13

    The Linearly Variable

    Differential Transformer
    (LVDT)
    History
    • 1831: Michael Faraday discovered current
    could be induced in a conductor by a
    magnetic field
    • U.S. Patent of G.B. Hoadley (1940)
    – First noted that the LVDT output amplitude
    varies linear with core displacement
    Construction
    • Hollow Cylinder
    • Primary Coil - Centered in assembly
    • Two Secondary Coils
    – placed symmetrically about
    the primary coil
    – Electrically in Series
    – Voltages opposite in polarity
    • Movable (linearly) iron core
    • Magnetic fields can be assumed constant through
    each coil along the coil axis.
    Construction
    How it Works – AC
    • Excitation voltage applied to primary coil
    – Voltage depends on coil (1V – 10V) <AC>
    • (6V – 23V) <DC>
    – Freq. Range: 60Hz – 25 kHz
    – Constant current desired to min. temp effects

    AC Operation
    How it Works - AC
    • An AC (sinusoid) output is produced
    – Proportional to the displacement of core
    – Mostly linear over operating range beyond
    which non-linearities become prevalent
    – 180º out of phase on either side of zero
    – Harmonic distortion in supply causes an offset
    • Two secondary coils are not totally identical
    • When core is centered, the voltage is only a
    minimum not zero
    How it Works - AC
    • Conditioning hardware is external to the
    LVDT.
    How it Works - DC
    • DC input also possible
    – Many operating principles are the same
    – Conditioning hardware converts DC input into
    AC input for the actual LVDT device.
    – Support hardware is contained in instrument
    case
    Application
    • LVDTs are installed an “LVDT gauge
    head” (higher level assembly)
    • Used in machine tools and other control
    systems
    • Instrument errors can be as low as ±0.05%
    • Repeatability as low as .0001 mm.
    • Data frequently sampled using a data
    acquisition system
    Advantages
    • Friction-Free Operation (w/o spring)
    • Infinite Resolution
    – Depends on resolution of overall system
    • Unlimited Mechanical Life
    • Single Axis Sensitivity
    • Environmentally Robust (AC)
    • Null Point Repeatability
    • Fast Dynamic Response
    • Absolute Output (not incremental)
    Connection to Microcontroller
    • Signal must be conditioned (AC)
    • Conditioned signal to A/D converter
    • Digital data to an input Port on
    microcontroller
    Rotary Variable Differential
    Transformer (RVDT)

    • RVDTs work in the same way as LVDTs


    only angles are measured.
    • Linear output range: ±40º
    References
    Figliola, Richard S., Beasley, Donald E., Theory
    and Design of Mechanical Measurements 2nd
    ed., John Wiley & Sons, 1995.
    Bollinger, John G., Duffie, Neil A., Computer
    Control of Machines and Processes, Addison-
    Wesley Publishing Co., 1989.
    www.macrosensors.com
    www.schaevitz.com

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