Kinalalagyan ng Pilipinas

at Paglaganap ng
Malayang Kaisipan sa
Mundo
 What is History?

 Is the story of mankind's past.

 Systematically records and explains what people
have thought, said and done.
 Is
concerned with political, economic and social
matters.
The Philippine Setting
 Three Theories on the Origin of the
Philippines

1. The Mythical Origin of the Philippines

2. The Biblical Theory
3. Scientific Theory
 The Mythical Origin

 Onceupon a time there was no land to be found

on Earth. What could be seen were the sky,
the sea and a flying bird.
 The Biblical Theory

 Genesis, the first book in the Old Testament ,

narrates how God created the earth, sky, and
man in seven days.
 Scientific Theory

 25,000 years ago , the scientist believed that

the water level on of earth rose due to the
melting of the ice in the worlds polar caps thus
submerging these land bridges. As a result of
this geological event, the Philippines became
detached from the Asian mainland.
 Philippines

 Location
 Significance of Location
 Size
 Shape
 Location
 Geographically, the Philippines is part of
southeast Asia. It is situated between the equator
and the trophic of cancer. Specifically , it lies
between 4◦23 and 21◦25 north latitude and
between 116◦00 and 127◦00 east longitude. The
country is bounded on the north by the bashi
channel, on the east by the pacific ocean on the
south by the Celebes sea and on the west china
sea.
 Significance of Location
 The strategic location of the Philippines has
affected its history.

 First
,its nearness to mainland Asia has led to the
migration of early men.
 Second, because of the proximity of the
Philippines to other Asian countries, the Asian
Filipino were able to establish trade contacts
with the Chinese , Indians, Japanese and Arabs.
 Third, the search for a new route to the spice
island or Moluccas resulted in the coming of
Spaniards in the Philippines. This event led to the
Hispanization and Christianization of the
country.
 Fourth, the strategic location of the country in
south east Asia led the united states to acquire
the Philippines from Spain and colonize it.
 Fifth,because of its strategic position
in the region it has become an
important trade in traveling Asia.
 Size

 The Philippines has a total land area of

about 300,000 square kilometers and a
coastline measuring 34,600 kilometers. It
belongs to the group of medium large
countries and consle 0.2% of the total land
area of the world.
 Shape

 Theshape of the country is another

geographic element that has bearing on its
economic , social , and political
development’ The Philippines being an
archipelago has an elongated and
fragmented shape. This poses a lot of
challenges to the Filipinos.
 In terms of Economic, Social , and Political
aspects, the country's shape is the big challenge
to construct a continuous network of roads and
railways throughout the length and breadth of
the archipelago.
 Nationalunity and solidarity is the
aspiration of the Filipinos. The regional
character of the Filipino , the division of the
people into ethnic groups and the existence
of many languages may be attributed to the
geographic nature of the country.
 National Territory

The 1987 Constitution of the

Philippines defines the territory of
the country in very specific terms.
Article 1 of our Constitutions
States:
 “ The national territory comprises the Philippines
archipelago, with all the islands and waters
embraced therein, and all the other territories
over which the Philippines has sovereignty or
jurisdiction, consisting of its terrestrial, fluvial,
and aerial domains, including its territorial sea,
the seabed, the subsoil, the insular shelves and
other submarine areas. The waters around
between and connecting the islands of the
archipelago, regardless of their breadth and
dimensions, form part of the internal waters of
Philippines.
 Theextent and coverage of the Philippines
archipelago were defined in the Treaty of Paris
signed on December 10, 1898, and in the Treaty
of Washington between the United States and
Spain signed on November 7, 1900.
 The national territory includes the
following:

The Territorial Sea

It is that part of the sea extending outward

12 nautical miles into the sea from the
baseline.
 The Air Space

This refers to that part of the air that extends up

into space, covering the land and water territory of
the Philippines.
 The Subsoil

This refers to the soil underneath the surface

soil.
 The Insular Shelves

 Theseare the submarines platforms or submarine

plateaus which form part of the bed of the sea
and attached to the mainland of the adjacent or
coastal island.
 Internal Waters
 These waters include all of the sea area
lying between and connecting all the
islands regardless of their lenghth.

 Because of the Constitution defines our

territory very specifically and explicitly , no
nation or individuals can claim ownership of
any of the places covered by the definition.
 Origin of the Philippine Landforms
 Diastrophism

 is
a process which involves a movement of the
crust of the earth resulting in an elevation of land
with respect to others around it. The Sierra
Madre and Cordilleras are product of
diastrophism.
 Volcanism

 Refers to the activities involved the

movement of molten rocks underneath the
earth and its eruption towards the surface.
Mt Apo, Mayon Volcano and Canlaon Volcano
are examples of volcanoes.
 Gradation

 Theerosion of hills and mountains and the

deposition of the sediments at the oceanic
basin is referred to as gradation. Rivers,
deltas, valleys, lakes, hills, waterfalls and
rapids came about as a result of gradation.
Some Landforms And
Bodies Of Water Of The
Philippines
Mountain Location

Apo Davao/Cotabato

Pulag Nueva Vizcaya

Kitangkad Bukidnon

Halcon Oriental Mindoro

Makiling Laguna, Quezon

Banahaw Quezon

Cuemos De Negros Negros Oriental

Calabanitan Samar

Sicapoo Ilocos Norte

Name Location

VOLCANO

Ragang Cotabato

kanlaon Negros oxidental

Mayon Albay

Pinatubo Zambales

Taal Batangas

Camiguin Babuyan Is.group batanes

Vulcan Camiguin

Matutum Cotabato

Bulusan Sorsogon

Hibok-hibok Camiguin
Name Location

C. MOUNTAIN RANGE

Sierra madre Eastern luzon

Cordillera Northern Luzon

Caraballo

Zambales Zambales
Name Location

D. VALLEY

Cagayan Between sierra madre and cordillera

mountains.

Marikina Between diliman and antipolo

compostela Davao region

NAME LOCATION

E. Plateau

Baguio city benguet

tagaytay Cavite
 Natural resources

 Nature has blessed the country with

rich natural resources. Lands,
mountains, forest and seas yield
abundant resources which can provide
for the needs of the people and if
properly harnessed will improve their
standard of living as well as move the
country to progress.
 Land resources

 Landis on of the country's most important

resources. Life on earth depends upon the
nature and fertility of the soil. Of the total
land area of the Philippines which is 30,000
hectares, about 41 percent or 12.3 millions
hectares are agricultural land.
 Crops

Variation in the climatic

conditions in the Philippines has
resulted in a variety of crops
growing in the country.
 Palay
Rice is the stable food of the Filipinos.
The nature of the soil and climate has
been found suitable for the cultivation
of palay.
 Corn

 Area planted with corn covered 2,510,342

hectares in 2000 according to NSO corn harvest
amounted to 4.51 million metric worth 29.63
billion pesos. Corn is the second most important
crop being raised by farmers especially in rice
deficit areas in the country.
 Fruits crops

 Fruits and nuts cultivated in the country include

the following atis, avocado, banana, caimito,
cashew, chico, guyabano, jackfruit, guavas,
mango, lanzones, papaya, pili, papaya,
pineapple, watermelon, ang grapes. Citrus
fruits which thrive in the country are
calamansi, mandarin, orange, dalandan and
pomelo.
 In 2000 banana production increase 4.92 million
metric tons valued at 22.08 billion pesos. On the
other hand the 43,000 hectare land allotted to
pine apple plantation was able to harvest 1.55
million metric tons. Mango, another major fruit
crop, production produced 848,3000 metric from
133,800 hectares.
 Pre Historic Culture

 The beginnings of Filipino culture date back to

the time when the first man walked about in
search of food.
 The Filipinos technological development may be
summed up in three period.
1. Paleolithic or Old Stone Age
2. Neolithic or new stone Age
3. Metal Age
 Paleolithic or Old Stone Age

 Man appeared on Philippines soil as early as 500,000

years ago. Artifacts unearthed in Cagayan valley
showed that man had been there at a very early
period. Although archaeologist failed to find the
bones of early man tools dug up from the area
suggest that these early men possessed a level of
culture which enabled them to survive and cope with
their environment.
The early Filipinos were not simply
concerned with honing their survival skills
but with the proper selection of their
residence. The discovery of the Tabon cave
in Palawan as the home of the Tabon man
gave the present day of Filipino an idea of
the factors his ancestor considered in the
choice of a place to live in.
 New stone age

Potterymaking appeared during

the new stone age. This new
knowledge brought a tremendous
change in the life of the people.
 Metal age

 The discovery of the use of metal further improved the

technological know how and cultural development of early
man. The metal age, has been subdivided into two stages the
 1. the early age- covered the time metal was first used as a
tool for food production and protection.
 2. the developed stage- further honed man knowledge and
skills. Man use of crude methods of doing things but rather had
reached that stage where he could improve on the tools and
equipment so these could be used more efficiently and
effectively .
 The culture of the early Filipinos

 Early Spanish writers had written detailed

accounts of the culture of early Filipinos. The
level of culture which early Filipinos had attained
could be appraised from the economic , political,
and social institutions existing at the time of the
arrival of the Spaniards.
 Community Structure

 The early Filipinos established their communities

along the bays, coasts and on the mouth of big
river. Some communities are small consist of 50
people living together while others were big with
a population of more than 2000.
 Economic Activities

 The early Filipinos primarily engaged in the

following economic activities: farming, fishing,
poultry and swine raising, gold mining and
trade.
 Agricultural activist among early Filipinos had
an early beginning. The people first used slash
and burn method of planting rice. Later, they
adopted wet agriculture. The methods of wet
agriculture are similar to what is being done in
the rural areas today.
 Social Organization

 Thefamily, was as it still today the smallest but

the most significant unit of ancient society.
 The early Filipinos has closed family ties.
 Women today occupied a high position in early
society. They were regarded as equals as men
and were given the same respect conferred upon
the men. The mother of the family had the honor
of naming the children.
 Political Organization

 The unit of government was the barangay.

 ThePhilippine was divided into hundreds of
independent barangays. For mutual protection
and cooperation, several barangays formed a
confederation. The confederation of Madya-as
under Datu Sumakwel was formed in Panay
during the 13th century.
 The barangay had both oral and written laws.

 Punishment for serious crime was death,

slavery and heavy fines.

 Minor crimes were punished with exposure to

ants, long hours of swimming, whipping or fines.
 Judicial System
 The datu acted as the judge in the barangay. He
conducted the trial in full view of his
constituents. He conferred judgment on crimes
conducted within his barangays.
Early Filipino-Asian
Relations
 Filipino-Chinese Relations

The Chinese were among the first

Asians who had established early
contact with the Filipinos.
 Chinas Aspirations to Control
the Philippines
 Trade became the main factor for the
strengthening of the Filipino-Chinese relations.
Not long after, china realized the importance of the
Philippines from an economic as well as political
aspects. The gains from trade became a factor for
the Chinese to plan schemes to control the country.
 Chinese Influences on Filipino
Culture
 Chinese culture has influenced the Filipino way
of life in many aspects such as in mode of
dressing, recreation, eating habits, customs and
traditions, language and industries. From
Chinese the early Filipinos learned the following:
1. Use of porcelain ware, umbrellas, gongs,
silver and other metals.

2. The arts of metallurgy, mining, and

manufacturing of gunpowder and other
weapons.

3. Games like chungka, panggingi and kite

flying.
4) Use the yellow dress for the nobility and blue dress for
the commoners.
5) Games like chungka , panggingi, and kite flying.
6) Custom like pre- arranged marriage use of a go-between
in martial negotiations , respect by children for parents
and elders and the practice of ancestor worship.
7) Tagalog word like pancit , susi, gusi, tinghoy, sangko,
pinggan , mangkok, tsa.
8) Traits of frugality , patience , humility, industry, and
devotion to family ties.
 Filipino – Arab relations
 Another group of people whose relationship with
the Filipinos date back to prehistoric times were
the arabs.
 Primarilyengaged in trade the Arabs also
performed missionary work with the end view of
establishing political control over all the areas
where Islam had taken hold.
 Filipino – Indian –Indonesian Relations
 Much has been written about India’s broad cultural
influence during the ancient period, especially among
the countries in southeast asia including the
Philippines.
 Thenature and extent of these cultural influences
were based on artifacts and on many indian words
appearing in the Philippines dialects.
 Some scholars theorized that indian influence
reached the Philippines between 800B.C and 800A.D.
 Filipino – Japanese Relations

 Ancient Japanese records showed that the Filipino – Japanese

relations began as early as 654 A.D.
 By the 13th century a lucrative trade between the two countries
brought an exchange not only of good and services but also of
culture and arts.
 Some traders found the country a good place to live in settled
permanently in Cagayan , lingayen and manila.
 The Japanese introduced some industries which benefited the
economy.
 These where leather –making at the manufacture of tools and
weapons.
 Relations with other Asian countries

 Aside from china , Arabia and japan , the ancient

Filipinos also traded with Thailand , Borneo , Malaya,
the Moluccas and other east Indian island.
 Inall their dealings with foreigners , the early Filipinos
were noted for their honesty and hospitality.
 These traits were observed by two Chinese writers ,chao
ju-kua(1225) and wang tayuan (1349) who wrote that
the early Filipinos were honest and fair in their
commercial transactions.
Although the Filipino – Asian realations
were primarily commercial in nature ,
cultural , social and political changes
influenced Filipino culture.
The overall effect of these foreign
contacts was restructuring of Filipino
society and culture.
Thank
You
  Reference:
 Philippines:History and Government
 Copyright@2005

Evilina M.Vilioria Ed.D

NELIA R. DELA CRUZ
RUTH V. LEGAZPI