Brief History of Romanesque Architecture

ROMANESQUE
ARCHITECTURE
PRESENTED BY:
• CAMPOSAGRADO, KURT HOMER
• ANGULO, RINA JOY
• CUYA, CHEERILYN
• LIPA , JEARLINE
• OLONAN, JOHN LERRY
ROMANESQUE
ARCHITECTURE
• “Roman-like”. Current in Europe about the
mid-11th century to the advent of “Gothic
Architecture”.
• A fusion of Roman, Carolingian, Ottonian and
Byzantine, and local Germanic traditions.
• Larger churches were needed to
accommodate the numerous monks and
priests, as well as the pilgrims who came to
view saints’ relics’.
• Pilgrimage was also a big contributor for the
need for larger churches as people believed
that the world was ending in the 10th century.
Segovia: San Millan Church
ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE (800-1180)
• Latin cross plan, bema evolved into the transepts
• Barrel and Cross/Groin Vault
• Towers, at the east or west ends, or at the crossing
of the transept and nave.
• Sparse ornamentation
• Façade faced west (altar was oriented towars
east)
• Heavy articulated masonry:
• Vaulted masonry ceiling
• Thick load bearing walls
• Use of buttress piers
Building Materials
The building material used in Romanesque architecture varies
across Europe depending on local stone and building
traditions. In Italy, Poland, much of Germany, and parts of the
Netherlands, brick was customary. Other areas saw extensive
use of limestone , granite, and flint . The building stone was
often used in small, irregular pieces bedded in thick mortar.
Smooth ashlar masonry was not a distinguishing feature of the
style in the earlier part of the period, but occurred where
easily worked limestone was available.
Building Materials
BRICKS LIME STONE
GRANITE FLINT
General Appearance:
• Dark, solemn spaces

-Romanesque churches and castles
were dark, with few openings. Wars
and invasions were commonplace,
so windows and doors were kept to
a minimum. With stone and masonry
buildings, buildings were safe from
fire and invaders, but required large
supports for the weight of walls and
vaults.
General Appearance:
• Exterior is simple, severe

-A combination of masonry, arches
and piers are the basis of the
Romanesque style. The main
concept for buildings was the
addition of pure geometrical forms.
General Appearance:
• Modest Height
-Romanesque churches have an

emphasis on horizontal lines, similar
to those of Greek & Roman public
buildings.
General Appearance:
• Horizontal lines
General Appearance:
Multiple Units
Romanesque churches were heavily influenced by the Roman

Basilica, but they had a few important differences. The roof was
made of stone vaults, which were much heavier and needed more
supports. The solution was thicker walls and piers, rather than columns
alone, to support the interior spaces. This made the space inside dark,
rather gloomy, and kept the height rather low. The exteriors were very
simple, and several geometric forms often made up the building,
rather than one large space.
Architectural Elements:
• Round arches
Round arches are most
similar to those of the
Romans.
• Barrel Vaults
Also called Tunnel Vaults,
Barrel Vaults replace the flat
roofs commonly used in
Roman architecture. This is
the simplest vault, created
by combining a series of
round or Roman arches.
The Barrel vault creates

a higher ceiling, but
needs large supports
under it, so columns are
combined with piers.
• Piers supporting vaults
The Pier (an upright support
generally square or
rectangular in plan) is a
better solution for heavy
masonry walls than the
column
In the picture on the left, Piers interspaced with columns support
a Barrel Vault. On the right, columns on the pier are decorative,
rather than main supports.
• Groin vaults
The diagonal intersections
are called groins. The
advantage of the groin
vault is that its weight and
thrusts are concentrated at
the four corners.
A Groin, or Cross vault is a combination of two barrel vaults at
intersecting angles. It provided a more aesthetically pleasing
appearance for intersecting vaults. Notice the piers, right.
Romanesque inspired Buildings
Santiago De Compostela,
-Spain
-UNESCO site
-It is one of the only three
known churches in the world
built over the tomb of an
apostle of Jesus.
- by: Maestro Esteban,
Robertus Galperinus,
Bernard the Elder, Bernard
the Younger
Piazza del Duomo,

(Piazza Dei Miracoli)
-Pisa; Tuscany Italy
-by: Buscheto,
Rainaldo
-the style known
as Pisan
Romanesque.
Durnham Cathedral
-England
-the largest and
finest example of
Norman
architecture
-by: George Scott,
James Wyatt,
Anthony Salvin,
Edward Robson,
Richard Farnham
Worcester Cathedral
England
-has two transepts
crossing the nave
Worms Catheral
Castle-like:claimed
to be the
representative
cathedral of the
period.
Canterbury Cathedral
-Romanesque and
Perpendicular Gothic
Elements combined
-UNESCO
Notre Dame de Tournai. Tournai,
Belgium. 17th century
An Austrian basilica located in Gurk,
Completed in 1700, the Notre Dame
de Tournai in Belgium is a Roman
Catholic Church that has been
classified since 1936 as a Wallonia’s
major heritage. It features the
heavy and severe character of the
Romanesque nave with its cluster of
five bell towers and semicircular
arcs
Lund Cathedral. Lund, Scania,
Sweden. 1145
Known as the Lutheran cathedral of

Lund, Sweden, Lund Cathedral is
the seat of the bishop of Lund and
was built of sandstone following the
Romanesque style of Lombardy and
the Rhine region. These influences
can be seen in its floor plan, crypt
and the arched gallery decorating
its apse.
Basilica of San Isidoro. Leon, Spain.
10th century
Located on the site of the ancient
Roman temple, the Basilica of San
Isidro in Leon, Spain was
rededicated in 1063 to Saint Isidoro
of Seville. It was built mostly in
Romanesque style. Among its most
notable features are its arches
crossing the transept of the church
and the carved tympanum of the
Puerta La Cordero.
Grossmunster. Zurich, Switzerland.
1100-1120
Grossmunster is a Romanesque-style
Protestant Church located in Zurich,
Switzerland. One of the three major
churches in the city, this church is
part of the first Pan-European
architectural trend since the
Imperial Romanesque Architecture.
It has a great carved portal with
medieval columns.
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ROMANESQUE

BRICKS LIME STONE

• Dark, solemn spaces

• Exterior is simple, severe

-Romanesque churches have an

Romanesque churches were heavily influenced by the Roman

The Barrel vault creates

Piazza del Duomo,

Known as the Lutheran cathedral of

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