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    1.3 Information Coding Scheme

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    Princess Clarin
    This document discusses three common information coding schemes: [1] ASCII, [2] EBCDIC, and [3] Unicode. It provides details on each scheme, including the number of bits used to represent each character and the total number of characters that can be represented. Examples are given to demonstrate how to calculate the number of bits needed to represent words or phrases for each coding scheme. An exercise at the end tests the reader's ability to perform these calculations for given phrases using ASCII, EBCDIC, and Unicode.

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    1.3 Information Coding Scheme

    Uploaded by

    Princess Clarin
    369 views24 pages
    This document discusses three common information coding schemes: [1] ASCII, [2] EBCDIC, and [3] Unicode. It provides details on each scheme, including the number of bits used to represent each character and the total number of characters that can be represented. Examples are given to demonstrate how to calculate the number of bits needed to represent words or phrases for each coding scheme. An exercise at the end tests the reader's ability to perform these calculations for given phrases using ASCII, EBCDIC, and Unicode.

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    This document discusses three common information coding schemes: [1] ASCII, [2] EBCDIC, and [3] Unicode. It provides details on each scheme, including the number of bits used to represent each character and the total number of characters that can be represented. Examples are given to demonstrate how to calculate the number of bits needed to represent words or phrases for each coding scheme. An exercise at the end tests the reader's ability to perform these calculations for given phrases using ASCII, EBCDIC, and Unicode.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    369 views24 pages

    1.3 Information Coding Scheme

    Uploaded by

    Princess Clarin
    This document discusses three common information coding schemes: [1] ASCII, [2] EBCDIC, and [3] Unicode. It provides details on each scheme, including the number of bits used to represent each character and the total number of characters that can be represented. Examples are given to demonstrate how to calculate the number of bits needed to represent words or phrases for each coding scheme. An exercise at the end tests the reader's ability to perform these calculations for given phrases using ASCII, EBCDIC, and Unicode.

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    You are on page 1of 24

    TOPIC 1:

    CO MPUTER SYSTEM
    1.3 : Information Coding Scheme

    1
    Learning Outcomes:

    At the end of this topic, students should be able


    to:
    (a) Describe how computers encode characters
    using ASCII , EBCDIC, Unicode

    (b) Calculate the total number of bits/bytes in a


    given word based on each coding scheme
    2
    1.3 Information Coding Scheme

    Computer stores and processes data and


    information in binary code

    Computer must be able to convert binary


    codes into alphanumeric characters for
    display or vice versa

    Therefore, computer needs a coding


    scheme to map between binary codes
    and corresponding alphanumeric 3

    characters
    1.3 Information Coding
    Scheme
    Definition

    A coding system is the patterns of 0s and 1s


    combinations used to represent characters.

    - Digits / Numbers
    - Letters
    - Punctuation marks
    - Other symbols 4
    Information Coding Scheme

    Three (3) most popular coding scheme:

    (1) ASCII
    (2) EBCDIC
    (3) Unicode 5
    (1) ASCII
    Pronounced as ASK-ee
    Stands for American Standard Code for
    Information Interchange.
    ASCII was created in 1963

    Coding system traditionally used with personal


    computers.
    Uses 8 digit code (8 bits) for 1 character.
    Can represent up to 256 characters. (28 = 256)
    ASCII characters ranging from 0 to 255.
    6
    (1) ASCII

    7
    (1) ASCII
    How to calculate number of bits that represent
    word/phrase by using the ASCII code?

    Example 1:
    Coding

    There are 6 characters.


    Therefore, 6 characters x 8 bits (since ASCII
    code is using 8 digit representation) = 48 bits.

    8
    (1) ASCII
    How to calculate number of bits that represent
    word/phrase by using the ASCII code?

    Example 2:
    Coding Scheme

    There are 13 characters including space.


    Therefore, 13 characters x 8 bits (since ASCII
    code is using 8 digit representation) = 104 bits.

    9
    (1) ASCII
    How to calculate number of bits that represent
    word/phrase by using the ASCII code?

    Example 3:
    3 Popular Coding Scheme:

    There are 24 characters including spaces.


    Therefore, 24characters x 8 bits (since ASCII
    code is using 8 digit representation) = 192 bits.

    10
    (2) EBCDIC

    Pronounced as EB-see-dik.
    Stands for Extended Binary Coded Decimal

    Interchange Code.
    Developed by IBM (International Business
    Machines Corporation), primarily for mainframe.
    Uses 8 digit code (8 bits) for 1 character.
    Can represent up to 256 characters. (28 = 256)

    11
    (2) EBCDIC

    12
    (2) EBCDIC
    How to calculate number of bits that represent
    word/phrase by using the EBCDIC code?

    Example 1:
    Hexadecimal

    There are 11 characters.


    Therefore, 11 characters x 8 bits (since
    EBCDIC code is using 8 digit representation) =
    88 bits.
    13
    (2) EBCDIC
    How to calculate number of bits that represent
    word/phrase by using the EBCDIC code?

    Example 2:
    Binary Digit

    There are 12 characters including space.


    Therefore, 12 characters x 8 bits (since
    EBCDIC code is using 8 digit representation) =
    96 bits.
    14
    (2) EBCDIC
    How to calculate number of bits that represent
    word/phrase by using the EBCDIC code?

    Example 3:

    “Information Processing Cycle”

    There are 30 characters including spaces &


    symbols.
    Therefore, 30 characters x 8 bits (since
    EBCDIC code is using 8 digit representation) =
    240 bits. 15
    (3) Unicode

    Universal coding standard designed to represent


    text-based data written in any ancient or modern
    Language.
    Replacing ASCII as the primary text-coding
    system.
    Implemented in several operating system.
    (Windows, Mac OS & Linux)
    Uses 16 digit code (16 bits) for 1 character.
    Can represent up to 65536 characters.
    (216 = 65536)
    16
    (3) Unicode

    Example of characters that can't be represent by


    ASCII and EBCDIC.
    17
    (3) Unicode
    How to calculate number of bits that represent
    word/phrase by using the Unicode?

    Example 1:
    Mobile Computer

    There are 15 characters.


    Therefore, 15 characters x 16 bits (since
    Unicode is using 16 digit representation) = 240
    bits.
    18
    (3) Unicode
    How to calculate number of bits that represent
    word/phrase by using the Unicode?

    Example 2:
    Information Technology

    There are 22 characters including space.


    Therefore, 22 characters x 16 bits (since
    Unicode is using 16 digit representation)
    = 352 bits.
    19
    (3) Unicode
    How to calculate number of bits that represent
    word/phrase by using the Unicode?

    Example 3:
    Fundamental_of_Multimedia

    There are 25 characters including spaces.


    Therefore, 25 characters x 16 bits (since
    Unicode is using 16 digit representation)
    = 400 bits.
    20
    EXERCISE

    21
    (a) How many bits would it take to represent
    the following phrase using the ASCII code?

    1. Computer System.
    2. KMM dihatiku
    3. Number system and representation
    (b) How many bits would it take to represent
    the following phrase using the EBCDIC code?
    1. Mobile computers and devices
    2. Storage capacity
    3. 1024 Megabytes
    22
    (c) How many bits would it take to represent
    the following phrase using the Unicode?

    1. iPhone 7
    2. Mozilla Firefox
    3. Metropolitan Area Network

    23
    Criteria ASCII EBCDIC Unicode

    Number of bits 8 bits 8 bits 16 bits


    to represent a
    character

    Representation 28 = 256 28 = 256 216 =


    of character 65536

    24

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