Metodo Gramatica-Traduccion

Grammar translation
method (GTM)
Loubna Oussaid
Cpr Marrakech
2010/2011
Plan
• Introduction
• Historical background
• Objectives
• The characteristics of the GTM
• Interaction
• Students’ / teachers’ roles
• Students’ native language
• The emphasized skills of language
• Materials and techniques
• Conclusion:advantages and disadvantages of GTM
• References
Introduction
Nowadays, it is well known that English is
the most widely studied foreign language in
all over the world. Five hundreds years ago
it was Latin. It was the dominant language
of education ,commerce ,religion and
government in the Western world .Because
of some political changes in Europe it was
gradually replaced by other languages .
Historical background
 In the eighteenth century the modern languages entered
the curriculum of European schools. They were taught in
the same way that was used for teaching Latin.
Textbooks consisted of statements of abstract grammar
rules ,lists of vocabulary and sentences for translation .
 Speaking the foreign language was not the goal, what was
important is the grammatical system of a language.
 This approach to foreign language teaching became
known as the grammar translation method. It was also
called the classical method since it was first used in
teaching classical languages mainly: Latin and Greek.
Objectives
• In GTM the objectives of studying a
foreign language are:
 Read its literature

 Benefit from the intellectual development
and mental discipline
 Study grammar rules to use them in
translation
 Master the sentence structure
The characteristics of
GTM
• The principle characteristics of GTM are:
 Learn a foreign language to read its literature

 Approach a language through a detailed analysis
of its grammar rules
 Learn the foreign language grammar to be familiar
with the native language grammar then to be
better in reading and writing it
 The emphasis is on reading and writing
 Vocabulary are taught through bilingual word list and
grammar rules are presented and practiced
 The sentence is the basic unit of teaching and
language practice
 Accuracy is emphasized to attain high standards in
translation to be able to pass the formal written
exams
 Grammar is taught deductively by presenting a
studying grammar rules that are practiced through
translation exercises
 The native language is the medium of instruction of
the new items to enable comparison between native
language and target language
Interaction
 The dominant kind of interaction is:
Teacher-students since the teacher all
the time asks questions ,gives
instructions and gets students’
answers without any discussion
Teacher’s roles
• Teacher-centred class
• He is the master
• Gives instructions
• Asks questions
• Corrects mistakes
Students’ roles
• Passive learners
• Receive things
• Memorize
• Read and write and ask questions
from time to time if they are allowed
The use of students’
native language
• The teacher explains and gives
instructions in students’ s native
language but it is not effective
because there will happen an
interference of structures of both
languages
The emphasized skills
 Grammar:
Is taught deductively because grammar
rules are highlighted and explained then
practiced in some exercices
 The method stresses on four skills or
language components mainly:
Reading ,writing ,grammar and vocabulary
Materials and
techniques
o The only material that the teacher uses is
the text book
o The teacher uses some techniques and
activities in teaching as:
- Asking and answering
- Translation
- Memorization
- Practicing grammar rules through
exercises
Conclusion
Advantages of GTM
• Useful for academic learning
• Develop reading and writing skills
• Know the literature of the target
language
• Mastering sentence structure
• Works with large classes
Disadvantages of GTM
• Students translate but do not produce
• Little contextualization of grammar for
real communication
• Error correction
• Focus on accuracy not fluency
• Neglects the listening and speaking skills
References
• Approaches and Methods in Language

teaching by Richards and Rodgers
• Teaching by Principles by Douglas
Brown

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Grammar translation

 Read its literature

 Learn a foreign language to read its literature

• Approaches and Methods in Language

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