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    Monosex and Hybrid Production in Tilapia

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    anjusha balakrishnan
    This document discusses different methods for producing monosex populations of male tilapia for aquaculture, which have higher growth rates than females. It describes producing male-only populations through (1) hybridization of different tilapia species or genera, (2) manual sexing or hormone treatment of fry to induce sex reversal, and (3) genetic manipulation methods like marker-assisted selection and transgenic techniques. Hybridization commonly produces populations that are predominantly male. Hormone treatment via feed or immersion is widely used and can yield nearly all-male populations when optimal doses and treatment durations are used.

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    Monosex and Hybrid Production in Tilapia

    Uploaded by

    anjusha balakrishnan
    667 views19 pages
    This document discusses different methods for producing monosex populations of male tilapia for aquaculture, which have higher growth rates than females. It describes producing male-only populations through (1) hybridization of different tilapia species or genera, (2) manual sexing or hormone treatment of fry to induce sex reversal, and (3) genetic manipulation methods like marker-assisted selection and transgenic techniques. Hybridization commonly produces populations that are predominantly male. Hormone treatment via feed or immersion is widely used and can yield nearly all-male populations when optimal doses and treatment durations are used.

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    presentation is helpful to understand about different hybrids of tilapia

    Original Title

    Monosex and Hybrid production in Tilapia

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    This document discusses different methods for producing monosex populations of male tilapia for aquaculture, which have higher growth rates than females. It describes producing male-only populations through (1) hybridization of different tilapia species or genera, (2) manual sexing or hormone treatment of fry to induce sex reversal, and (3) genetic manipulation methods like marker-assisted selection and transgenic techniques. Hybridization commonly produces populations that are predominantly male. Hormone treatment via feed or immersion is widely used and can yield nearly all-male populations when optimal doses and treatment durations are used.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    667 views19 pages

    Monosex and Hybrid Production in Tilapia

    Uploaded by

    anjusha balakrishnan
    This document discusses different methods for producing monosex populations of male tilapia for aquaculture, which have higher growth rates than females. It describes producing male-only populations through (1) hybridization of different tilapia species or genera, (2) manual sexing or hormone treatment of fry to induce sex reversal, and (3) genetic manipulation methods like marker-assisted selection and transgenic techniques. Hybridization commonly produces populations that are predominantly male. Hormone treatment via feed or immersion is widely used and can yield nearly all-male populations when optimal doses and treatment durations are used.

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    Monosex and Hybrid production in

    Tilapia

    ANJUSHA. K. V
    U­18­TN­03­002­D­F­001
    DEPARTMENT OF AQUACULTURE
    FC & RI, THOOTHUKUDI
    Why Monosex Tilapia ?

    • Tilapia farmers choose to raise male tilapia only since they have a higher
    growth rate compared to females

    • Male- batches can be obtained through three main methods:


    1. Hybridization
    2. Manual sexing (It is difficult but not impossible)
    3. Hormones
    4. Genetic manipulation
    Mono sex Tilapia through Hybridization

    • It is the act of breeding between two different species/genera, which


    ordinarily are not interbreeding.
    • Examples:
    Nile Tilapia × Blue Tilapia ( O. niloticus × O.
    aureus)
    • Superior growth of males
    • Fertile hybrids
    • Increased cold and salinity tolerance
    • Reciprocal cross gives 50% males & females
    O. niloticus × O. hornorum
    • Predominantly male
    offspring
    O. niloticus × O. macrochir
    Predominantly male offspring, but strain of Nile tilapia is important for
    good fry production.
    O. Mossambicus × O. hornorum

    • Predominantly male offspring


    • Fertile hybrids
    • Slow growth and dark colour
    O. hornorum × O. mossambicus

    • Red Tilapia with salinity tolerance

    O. mossambicus × O. niloticus

    • Red Tilapia with salinity tolerance


    • Progeny of these give range of colours
    • Known as Taiwan red tilapia
    Production of Red Tilapia

    • Red hybrid tilapia - popularity among culturists


    due to their resemblance to premium marine
    species such as sea bream & red snapper.

    • Red tilapia are genetic mutants selected from tilapia species in the genus
    Oreochromis.

    • Oreochromis sp. are taxonomically distinct from other tilapia genera because
    females incubate fertilized eggs in their mouths.
    • The first reported red tilapia hybrid was produced in Taiwan in the late 1960s

    • Cross between a mutant reddish-orange female O. mossambicus and a normal


    male O. niloticus and is called the Taiwanese red tilapia
    (Galman and Avtalion, 1983).

    • Off-spring from red tilapia parents will contain fingerlings with wild or dark
    coloration and red or pink coloration with irregular black spots.

    • Red tilapia brood stock must be continually selected for red color .
    Mono sex tilapia through hormone

    •
    treatment
    Direct approach : monosex population produced directly by hormone treatment

    • Indirect approach : monosex population can be obtained in two steps.

    1. A broodstock population is established by sex reversal.


    2. Then these sex reversed individuals should be bred to produce
    monosex population.
    Methods of Hormone
    treatment
     Dietary supplementation: The hormone mixed feed is the most widely
    used and the easiest method for achieving sex reversal.

     Immersion technique: juvenile fishes are immersed in hormone


    treated water.

     Injection : Injection requires less amount of hormone to cause sex


    reversal. It is very much laborious and expensive.
    Steroid Hormones

    • Androgens: 17-α- methyl testosterone


    Testosterone
    11-keto testosterone

    • Estrogens: Estradiol-17-β
    Estrone
    • Doses of 17α-MT - 40, 60 and 80 mg of 17 α - MT/kg of feed
    (From the 7th to the 28th day posthatching to produce all male tilapia population)

    • After 15, 35 and 75 days and 1 year of treatment - growth parameters,


    survival rate, sex ratio and gonad histology

    • The maximum sex ratios of males (95% and 97%) were recorded at 60
    mg of 17 α -MT/kg of diet after 75 days and one year of treatment
    Mono sex tilapia through Genetic
    manipulation
    • Genetic manipulations - divided into three categories

    1. Marker‐assisted
    selection(MAS)
    2. Cross‐breeding
    3. Genetic modification.
    Marker‐assisted Selection

    • Most efficient applications of biotechnology

    • It improves selection efficiency compared to traditional selection schemes

    • Selection is based on a marker linked to a trait of interest

    (rothschild and ruvinsky, 2007) rather than on the trait itself.


    Cross-breeding
    • Cross-breeding (Hybridization) is an essential technique for natural
    recombination of male and female genetic material from different strains
    or different species.

    • Hybrid tilapia - O. niloticus (♀) and O. aureus (♂).

    • These hybrid tilapia are popular, not only because they grow rapidly (20
    and 70% higher body weight than its female and male parent, respectively)
    Genetic modification.
    Transgenic Technology
    • Transgenic technology is the introduction of exogenous genes into a recipient
    organism, with the intention of changing the phenotype.
    • gsdf transgenic XX tilapia showed normal testis development
    (Kaneko et al., 2015).
    • Crossing gsdf and amhy transgenic male with normal XX female may be an
    effective method for producing all-male populations.
    References:
    • Marengoni, N. G., Onoue, Y., & Oyama, T. (1998). All‐male tilapia hybrids of two strains
    of Oreochromis niloticus. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 29(1), 108-113.
    • Hashim, R., Chong, A. S., Fatan, N. A., Layman, N., & Ali, A. (2002). Production of hybrid
    red tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus× O. niloticus, at varying stocking densities in
    portable canvas tanks. Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 12(3), 1-12.
    • TILAPIA AQUACULTURE 2016 AND WHERE WILL WE BE IN 2026. Kevin
    Fitzsimmons,2016.
    • The History, Status, and Future Prospects of Monosex Tilapia Culture in Thailand | The
    Fish Site
    • Applied fish genetics : B.K.Padhi and R.K.Mandal.
    • A text of fishery science and Indian Fisheries :C.B.L.Srivastava
    • Pinto, L. G. (1982). Hybridization between species of tilapia. Transactions of the American
    Fisheries Society, 111(4), 481-484.

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