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    International Humanitarian Law and Environment

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    FarahFadhillah
    International humanitarian law aims to protect civilians and the environment during armed conflicts. It does this through general provisions on conduct of hostilities and specific prohibitions. The general provisions state that the environment cannot be attacked unless it is a military objective, and environmental damage must be considered when assessing attacks. Protocol I and the Rome Statute specifically prohibit attacks that cause widespread, long-term environmental damage or damage used as reprisals. The ENMOD Convention prohibits using environmental modification techniques to deliberately change the Earth's dynamics, composition, or structure to harm other states. The ICRC works to ensure military personnel are aware of their duty to protect the environment during conflicts.

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    International Humanitarian Law and Environment

    Uploaded by

    FarahFadhillah
    67 views9 pages
    International humanitarian law aims to protect civilians and the environment during armed conflicts. It does this through general provisions on conduct of hostilities and specific prohibitions. The general provisions state that the environment cannot be attacked unless it is a military objective, and environmental damage must be considered when assessing attacks. Protocol I and the Rome Statute specifically prohibit attacks that cause widespread, long-term environmental damage or damage used as reprisals. The ENMOD Convention prohibits using environmental modification techniques to deliberately change the Earth's dynamics, composition, or structure to harm other states. The ICRC works to ensure military personnel are aware of their duty to protect the environment during conflicts.

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    International humanitarian law aims to protect civilians and the environment during armed conflicts. It does this through general provisions on conduct of hostilities and specific prohibitions. The general provisions state that the environment cannot be attacked unless it is a military objective, and environmental damage must be considered when assessing attacks. Protocol I and the Rome Statute specifically prohibit attacks that cause widespread, long-term environmental damage or damage used as reprisals. The ENMOD Convention prohibits using environmental modification techniques to deliberately change the Earth's dynamics, composition, or structure to harm other states. The ICRC works to ensure military personnel are aware of their duty to protect the environment during conflicts.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    67 views9 pages

    International Humanitarian Law and Environment

    Uploaded by

    FarahFadhillah
    International humanitarian law aims to protect civilians and the environment during armed conflicts. It does this through general provisions on conduct of hostilities and specific prohibitions. The general provisions state that the environment cannot be attacked unless it is a military objective, and environmental damage must be considered when assessing attacks. Protocol I and the Rome Statute specifically prohibit attacks that cause widespread, long-term environmental damage or damage used as reprisals. The ENMOD Convention prohibits using environmental modification techniques to deliberately change the Earth's dynamics, composition, or structure to harm other states. The ICRC works to ensure military personnel are aware of their duty to protect the environment during conflicts.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 9

    International Humanitarian Law

    and Environment
    By: Farah Fadhilah
    1603101010199
    International humanitarian law aims to protect
    the civilian population during armed conflict
    and to ensure its survival. As a result, it also
    seeks to protect the natural environment
    without which human life is impossible.
    IHL protects the environment in two ways: through
    its general provisions and through some additional,
    specific provisions.

    The general provisions on the conduct of hostilities


    apply to the environment. Normally the
    environment is civilian in nature and cannot be
    attacked, unless it has been turned into a military
    objective. In addition, environmental destruction
    has to be taken into account when assessing the
    proportionality of an attack on a military objective.
    Protocol I has added a specific prohibition to use
    “methods and means of warfare which are
    intended, or may be expected, to cause
    widespread, long-term and severe damage to
    the natural environment”. The Protocol also
    prohibits attacks against the environment by
    way of reprisals.
    The Rome Statute of 1998 establishing the
    International Criminal Court makes it a war crime to
    cause widespread, long-term and severe damage to
    the environment in violation of the principle of
    proportionality.

    Other specific provisions include the prohibition to


    destroy agricultural land and drinking water
    installations in order to inflict harm on the civilian
    population.
    The ICRC is particularly concerned that access to scarce
    water resources should not become a weapon used
    against civilians. The contamination or destruction of
    water resources can have severe consequences for the
    health and survival of whole communities.

    Finally, the international community has adopted a


    convention on the hostile use of the environment. The
    1976 Convention on the Prohibition of Military or any
    Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques is
    usually referred to as the “ENMOD” Convention.
    The techniques covered by the convention are any
    that change “through the deliberate manipulation
    of natural processes, the dynamics, composition or
    structure of the Earth”.

    The parties to the convention undertake not to use


    environmental manipulation that would have
    “widespread, long-lasting or severe effects as the
    means of destruction, damage or injury to any
    other State Party”.
    The ICRC is also involved in ensuring that military
    personnel are aware of their obligation to respect
    and protect the environment during armed conflict.
    To this effect it organized several expert meetings
    which led to the adoption of the “Guidelines for
    Military Manuals and Instructions on the Protection
    of the Environment in Times of Armed Conflict”, a
    summary of existing law. These Guidelines were
    submitted to the UN General Assembly in 1994
    which recommended the Guidelines to all States for
    due consideration.
    Thank You <3

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