Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 202 views

    College Physics 2: Capacitors, Electric Storage, and Dielectric

    Uploaded by

    John Christopher Sibal
    This document provides an overview of capacitors, electric storage, and dielectrics. It defines capacitors as consisting of two metal plates separated by a non-conducting dielectric. The capacitance of a capacitor depends on the area of the plates, distance between them, and the dielectric material. When capacitors are connected in series, the total capacitance is less than the smallest individual capacitor. When in parallel, the total capacitance is greater than the largest individual capacitor. Adding a dielectric between the plates increases the capacitance by a factor known as the dielectric constant. The energy stored in a capacitor depends on the charge, potential difference, and capacitance.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    College Physics 2: Capacitors, Electric Storage, and Dielectric

    Uploaded by

    John Christopher Sibal
    202 views24 pages
    This document provides an overview of capacitors, electric storage, and dielectrics. It defines capacitors as consisting of two metal plates separated by a non-conducting dielectric. The capacitance of a capacitor depends on the area of the plates, distance between them, and the dielectric material. When capacitors are connected in series, the total capacitance is less than the smallest individual capacitor. When in parallel, the total capacitance is greater than the largest individual capacitor. Adding a dielectric between the plates increases the capacitance by a factor known as the dielectric constant. The energy stored in a capacitor depends on the charge, potential difference, and capacitance.

    Original Description:

    Physics lecture about Capacitors

    Original Title

    L6 Capacitors

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document provides an overview of capacitors, electric storage, and dielectrics. It defines capacitors as consisting of two metal plates separated by a non-conducting dielectric. The capacitance of a capacitor depends on the area of the plates, distance between them, and the dielectric material. When capacitors are connected in series, the total capacitance is less than the smallest individual capacitor. When in parallel, the total capacitance is greater than the largest individual capacitor. Adding a dielectric between the plates increases the capacitance by a factor known as the dielectric constant. The energy stored in a capacitor depends on the charge, potential difference, and capacitance.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    202 views24 pages

    College Physics 2: Capacitors, Electric Storage, and Dielectric

    Uploaded by

    John Christopher Sibal
    This document provides an overview of capacitors, electric storage, and dielectrics. It defines capacitors as consisting of two metal plates separated by a non-conducting dielectric. The capacitance of a capacitor depends on the area of the plates, distance between them, and the dielectric material. When capacitors are connected in series, the total capacitance is less than the smallest individual capacitor. When in parallel, the total capacitance is greater than the largest individual capacitor. Adding a dielectric between the plates increases the capacitance by a factor known as the dielectric constant. The energy stored in a capacitor depends on the charge, potential difference, and capacitance.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 24
    At a glance
    Powered by AI
    The key takeaways are about the components and workings of capacitors, how dielectrics affect capacitance, and how capacitors can be connected in series and parallel configurations.

    The main components of a capacitor are two conductive plates separated by a dielectric material. The dielectric can be air, plastic, or other insulating materials.

    The addition of a dielectric between the plates allows the plates to be placed closer together, resulting in a higher capacitance. Dielectrics increase the capacitance by a factor known as the dielectric constant.

    GED0083

    COLLEGE PHYSICS 2

    Capacitors, Electric Storage, and Dielectric


    LESSON #6

    Capacitors, Electric
    Storage, and
    Dielectric

    Capacitors, Electric Storage, and Dielectric


    • Describe the nature of parallel-plate capacitors

    • Calculate the amount of energy stored in a capacitor

    • Analyze capacitors connected in a network

    • Calculate the total capacitance of capacitors in a network

    • Discuss dielectric materials

    • Determine the effects of adding dielectrics in a capacitor.

    Capacitors, Electric Storage, and Dielectric


    CAPACITORS

    Capacitors, Electric Storage, and Dielectric


    In its simplest form a capacitor
    consists of two metal plates
    separated by a non-conducting layer Capacitor, a device
    called the dielectric. The dielectric for storing an
    may be air, plastic, waxed paper, or
    electrical charge,
    another substance such as the
    mineral mica. sometimes called a
    condenser.

    Capacitors, Electric Storage, and Dielectric


    The electrical size of a capacitor is
    its capacitance, that is the ratio of
    the amount of charge Q on either
    conductor to the potential
    difference V between the
    conductors, or simply Where

    C = Capacitance, Farad (F)


    q = charge, Coulomb (C)
    V = potential difference, Volts (V)

    Capacitors, Electric Storage, and Dielectric


    Dielectrics do not break down (allowing
    electric charge to flow) as readily as air, so
    higher voltage can be applied without
    charge passing across the gap.
    Dielectrics are
    Dielectrics allows the plates to be placed materials used as
    closer together without touching, thus insulating sheet in
    allowing an increased capacitance because most capacitors.
    d is less.

    It is found experimentally that if the


    dielectric fills the space between the 2
    conductors, it increases the capacitance by
    a factor K, known as dielectric constant.

    Capacitors, Electric Storage, and Dielectric


    An air-filled capacitor consisting of 2 parallel plates separated by a
    distance of d is connected to a battery of voltage V & acquires a charge
    Q. While it is still connected to the battery, a slab of dielectric material
    with K=3 is inserted between the plates of the capacitor. Will Q
    increase, decrease, or stay the same?

    Since capacitor remains connected to the battery, V is constant and equal to the battery voltage V.
    The capacitance (C) increases when the dielectric material is inserted because K has increased.
    From Q = CV, If V is constant but C increases, then Q must INCREASE as well.
    As the dielectric is inserted, more charge will be pulled from the battery and deposited onto the plates
    of the capacitor as its capacitance increases.

    Capacitors, Electric Storage, and Dielectric


    where A is the area of the plates,
    d is the distance between them
    εo is the permittivity of free space
    εo = 8.85x10-12 F/m
    K is the relative permittivity of the dielectric between the two plates.
    For free space, K=1
    for air, K = 1.0006
    a typical value for glass is K = 6
    for water, K = 80.

    Capacitors, Electric Storage, and Dielectric


    The energy stored by a
    capacitor corresponds to the
    work performed in creating
    opposite charges on the two
    plates at the applied voltage.
    The amount of charge that can
    be stored depends on the area
    of the plates, the spacing
    between them, the dielectric
    material in the space, and the
    applied voltage.

    Capacitors, Electric Storage, and Dielectric


    A capacitor has a charge of 5
    x 10-4C when the potential
    difference across its plates is
    300V. Find its capacitance.

    Capacitors, Electric Storage, and Dielectric


    A parallel plate capacitor has plates 5 cm dimension and 0.1mm apart.
    Find its capacitance
    a. in air
    b. with mica of K=6 between the plates.
    𝟓 𝒄𝒎
    (𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒄𝒎)𝟐
    C= 1.0006(8.85x10-12 F/m) 𝟎.𝟏𝒎𝒎 = 𝟐. 𝟏𝟑𝒙𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟎 𝑭
    𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒎

    𝟓 𝒄𝒎
    (𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒄𝒎)𝟐
    C = 6(8.85x10-12 F/m) 𝟎.𝟏𝒎𝒎 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟕𝒙𝟏𝟎−𝟗 𝑭
    𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒎

    Capacitors, Electric Storage, and Dielectric


    How much energy is stored in a 50pF capacitor when it is
    charged to a potential difference of 200V?

    Capacitors, Electric Storage, and Dielectric


    CAPACITORS IN COMBINATION

    Capacitors, Electric Storage, and Dielectric


    The idea of connecting
    capacitors together in series
    or parallel is so that both the
    capacitance and voltage can
    be adjusted. As charging up a
    capacitor can lead to
    excessive temperature rises,
    and thus damage, it is
    desirable to have as large a
    voltage rating as possible so
    that the maximum amount of
    energy can be stored.

    Capacitors, Electric Storage, and Dielectric


    For capacitors in Series: For capacitors in Parallel:

    Capacitors, Electric Storage, and Dielectric


    Find the equivalent capacitance of a 12μF capacitor and 30μF capacitor that are
    connected in (a) series (b) parallel. Find the charge and the potential difference
    across each capacitor. The combination is connected to a power source of 40V.

    Find:
    a) CT, qT, q1, q2, V1, V2 in series connection
    b) CT, qT, q1, q2, V1, V2 in parallel connection

    Capacitors, Electric Storage, and Dielectric


    B. IN PARALLEL
    A. IN SERIES

    Capacitors, Electric Storage, and Dielectric


    In the given combination of capacitors, find the equivalent capacitance,
    the charge on each capacitor and the potential difference across on
    each. The capacitance of each capacitor is 4μF and the combination is
    connected to a power source of 60V.

    Capacitors, Electric Storage, and Dielectric


    In the given combination of
    capacitors, find the
    equivalent capacitance, the
    charge on each capacitor
    and the potential difference
    across on each. The
    capacitance of each
    capacitor is 4μF and the
    combination is connected
    to a power source of 60V.

    Capacitors, Electric Storage, and Dielectric


    In the given combination of
    capacitors, find the equivalent
    capacitance, the charge on each
    capacitor and the potential
    difference across on each. The
    capacitance of each capacitor is
    4μF and the combination is
    connected to a power source of
    60V.

    Capacitors, Electric Storage, and Dielectric


    In the given combination of
    capacitors, find the equivalent
    capacitance, the charge on each
    capacitor and the potential
    difference across on each. The
    capacitance of each capacitor is
    4μF and the combination is
    connected to a power source of
    60V.

    Capacitors, Electric Storage, and Dielectric


    ASK ANY QUESTION RELATED TO
    OUR TOPIC FOR TODAY.

    Capacitors, Electric Storage, and Dielectric


    Answer assignment in Canvas.

    Capacitors, Electric Storage, and Dielectric

    You might also like

    pFad - Phonifier reborn

    Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

    Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


    Alternative Proxies:

    Alternative Proxy

    pFad Proxy

    pFad v3 Proxy

    pFad v4 Proxy