Unveiling Truth Through Methods

Unveiling Truth
through Methods
Those who manage what they don’t know,
And don’t know what they manage.
--Putt’s Law
They are like a useful ladder that you need

to use in order to climb a roof.
--Ludwig Wittgenstein
 Hermeneutical Role
 Philosophical Analysis
 Phenomenological-Existential
Method
Hermeneutics is the methodology of interpretation. It is concerned with
problems that arise when dealing with meaningful human actions and
the product of such actions.
Hermeneutical Role
Philosophical refection involves a lot of analysis, interpretation, and
communication. This shows how language is involved in every activity.
In a very general sense, any reflective activity involves

interpretation, whether explicitly expressing it or not, implied or
categorically stated, the philosopher always plays the role of a
hermeneute (someone who performs hermeneutics).
When somebody says that he/she “understand” the word in
certain way and not in any other way, it is a cue than an act of
interpretation is involved.
For example:
It’s raining cats and dogs.
Exegetical Translation:
Cats and dogs are falling from the sky.
Hermeneutical Interpretation:
It’s pouring outside.
Habermas’ hermeneutical theory rest on the claim
found in his essay: “On Hermeneutics’ Claims to
Universality” which he opens with these vital claims:
1. Hermeneutics is about one’s capability for making

linguistic communication understandable;
2. Hermeneutics is at work more in the trying to make a
decision on practical questions; and
3. Philosophical hermeneutics is a hermeneutical
reflection which is in the service of: skillful
understanding and convincing and persuading.
The hermeneutical role then, because it takes the public
sphere in mind, should initiate the idea of non-exclusive critical
discussion where those who are involved in the discussion
(technically called interlocutors in hermeneutics) must be freed
from social and economic pressure.
1. Activate their rational/knowledge potentials;

2. Employ ordinary language that can democratize deliberation;
3. Work for the common goals that they share about; and
4. In turn create lifeworld as a result of hermeneutics mediation.
Philosophical Analysis
 A very different approach older than hermeneutical also uses language.

From among those who made a linguistic turn in philosBerrand
Russell and George Edward Moore are considered founders ophy, of
the analytic tradition.
 Their method known as philosophical analysis that emphasizes clarity,

rigorousness and argument.
 They use logical terms to resolve what is meant by statements and

tested their truth by reducing them to basic facts.
Philosophical Analysis
 is useful in clarifying thought.
 Misunderstandings can be avoided

through clarify words have several
possible meanings.
Phenomenological-Existential Method
From phenomenology, we have learned

to "bracket" our natural attitude about
phenomena in order to move to
phenomenological attitude that will make us
to do a reduction of the phenomena in mind.
Basic steps you do:
1. Epoche (bracket or suspend) the usual ideas that you know

about the thing or object):and
2. Do the reduction proper, (Look for the essences or ideas

that remain in your consciousness in relation to the object
you are conscious of. This involves along process of a kind
of meditation; It takes you beyond the ordinary knowledge
that you have learned in natural science and in simplistic
psychology).
Take note that the "steps" here are taken to be more as
"moments." Rather than they are done in relation to one another.
When one cleans the room, our "steps" in the cleaning are
related to each other. The result is kept in mind, not the steps.
What makes you the phenomenological attitude different from

ordinary cleaning is that you are rigidly looking for insights that
are constituted in your consciousness, even when the
phenomenon is no longer present to you physically.
These are essences which scientific attitude
does not always readily provide because we are
compelled to focus on just the physical side of
nature and the world.
The phenomenological world is a world of

objects and the ideas that we have of them. It
demands that you be an observer that is totally
detached from the intentional acts that you are
trying to make every idea objective.
It means that every time you bring up the
phenomenon again, the idea remains the same. It is
enduring; it is permanent, like seeing the world
where you have notice it before: It is like knowing
sounds as not just vibrations of different
wavelengths, but something that signify more .It is
also like the sound of alarm that has different
meaning when heard in your bedroom, and when
heard at corridors at school.
Talking of meaning this is where the existential side of
phenomenology comes in: investigating every phenomenon
as meaningful to the subject who is involved in the situation.
Not just look for essences , but to look for meaning to the
subject who cannot be a detached spectator (as Husserl
envisions him to be) because involved in it. Thus marriage of
essence and existential meaning gives us existential
phenomenology.

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Unveiling Truth

They are like a useful ladder that you need

In a very general sense, any reflective activity involves

1. Hermeneutics is about one’s capability for making

1. Activate their rational/knowledge potentials;

 A very different approach older than hermeneutical also uses language.

 Their method known as philosophical analysis that emphasizes clarity,

 They use logical terms to resolve what is meant by statements and

 is useful in clarifying thought.

 Misunderstandings can be avoided

From phenomenology, we have learned

1. Epoche (bracket or suspend) the usual ideas that you know

2. Do the reduction proper, (Look for the essences or ideas

What makes you the phenomenological attitude different from

The phenomenological world is a world of

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